CD133:A cancer stem cells marker,is used in colorectal cancers

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. A model of cancer development involving cancer stem cells has been put forward because it provides a possible explanation of tumor hierarchy. Cancer stem cells are characterized by their proliferation, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and selfrenewal capacities, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Due to the role of cancer stem cells in tumor initiation and treatment failure, studies of cancer stem cell markers, such as CD133, have been of great interest. CD133, a five-transmembrane glycoprotein, is widely used as a marker to identify and isolate colorectal cancer stem cells. This marker has been investigated to better understand the characteristics and functions of cancer stem cells. Moreover, it can also be used to predict tumor progression, patient survival, chemoradiotherapy resistance and other clinical parameters. In this review, we discuss the use of CD133 in the identification of colorectal cancer stem cell, which is currently controversial. Although the function of CD133 is as yet unclear, we have discussed several possible functions and associated mechanisms that may partially explain the role of CD133 in colorectal cancers. In addition, we focus on the prognostic value of CD133 in colorectal cancers. Finally, we predict that CD133 may be used as a possible target for colorectal cancer treatment.     

Cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD24 correlate with invasiveness and differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinoma

AIM： To verify that CD markers are available for detecting cancer stem cell populations and to evaluate their clinical significance in colon cancer.METHODS： Immunohistochemistry for CD133, CD24 and CD44 was performed on the tissue microarray of 523 colorectal adenocarcinomas. Medical records were reviewed and clinicopathological analysis was performed.RESULTS： In colorectal adenocarcinoma, 128 of 523 cases （24.5%） were positive and 395 cases （75.5%） were negative for CD133 expression. Two hundred and sixty-four of 523 cases （50.5%） were positive and 259 cases （49.5%） were negative for CD24 expression. Five hundred and two of 523 cases （96%） were negative and 21 cases （4%） were positive for CD44 expression. Upon clinicopathological analysis, CD133 expression was present more in male patients （P = 0.002） and in advanced T stage cancer （P = 0.024）. Correlation between CD24 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the degree of differentiation （P= 0.006）. Correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the tumor size （P = 0.001）. Survival was not significantly related to CD133, CD24 and CD44 expression.CONCLUSION： CD markers were related to invasiveness and differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, CD expression was not closely related to survival.     

Effects of CD133 Silencing on Survival and Migration of HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is attributed as one of the most common malignancies worldwide. CD133 molecule, as a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein, confers stem cell-related characteristics, including self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation capability. CD133 plays important roles in the progression of CRC by conferring apoptotic resistance and migration ability. Objective: To investigate the anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effect of CD-133 targeted siRNA in a colorectal cancer cell line. Methods: In this study, CD133-targeted siRNA transfection was conducted into HT-29 cells. MTT assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of transfection on the cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis rate. The mRNA expression of apoptosis and metastasis related genes were assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Wound healing assay was used to assess the migration potency of the infected cells. Results: Expression of CD133 was significantly downregulated after transfection of CD133-specific siRNA. Moreover, the rate of apoptosis was significantly increased after transfection. The migration potential of cells was diminished after transfection. siRNA delivery resulted in the modulation of expression of apoptosis and metastasis-related genes. Conclusion: siRNA mediated targeting of CD133 could be considered as a promising approach to treat CRC through suppressing the cancerous behavior of tumor cells.     

CD133和CD90在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

存在于肿瘤组织中的少数具有干细胞性质的细胞群体被称为肿瘤干细胞(CSCs),可促进肿瘤的发生和发展,也是肿瘤耐药性、复发及转移的根源.有报道CD133和CD90可能为肿瘤干细胞表面标志物,但CD133和CD90在肝癌中的表达及其意义报道尚少.本研究采用免疫组织化学方法检测不同肝组织中CD133及CD90蛋白的表达水平,探讨其在肝癌中的表达情况及其与肝癌生物学特性及预后的关系.     

抗CD133/CD3双特异性抗体装载的CIK细胞对高表达CD133结直肠癌细胞杀伤效应的探讨

目的 探讨抗CD133/CD3双特异性抗体装载的CIK（BsAb-CIK）细胞对高表达CD133结直肠癌细胞的杀伤效应。方法 通过化学偶联制备抗CD133和抗CD3的双特异性抗体。利用CCK8试剂盒检测CIK和BsAb-CIK对高表达CD133结直肠癌细胞系（SW620和HT29）和低表达CD133结直肠癌CIK和BsAb-CIK细胞系（LOVO）的杀伤能力,并检测培养上清中细胞因子分泌水平。构建裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,随后从腹腔进行CIK和BsAb-CIK细胞输注,1个月后取瘤称重并统计组间肿瘤生长的差异。结果 在不同效靶比条件下（1∶5,1∶10,1∶20）,BsAb-CIK细胞对高表达CD133的结直肠癌细胞系SW620和HT29的杀伤作用均明显强于单纯CIK组（P＜0.05）,而BsAb-CIK细胞对低表达CD133的结直肠癌细胞系LOVO的杀伤作用与单纯CIK组相比,没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。BsAb-CIK细胞INF-γ分泌明显高于单纯CIK组（P＜0.05）。与单纯CIK治疗组比较,BsAb-CIK细胞对移植瘤的生长抑制作用更加显著（P＜0.05）。结论 BsAb-CIK细胞能够有效杀伤高表达CD133的结直肠癌细胞。     

Upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells

AIM: To analyze the upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of primary colon cancer cells. METHODS: Upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cell lines (Lovo, Colo205, Caco-2, HCT116 and SW620) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Human colon cancer tissue samples were stained with anti-human CD133. SW620 cells were sorted according to the CD133 expression level measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Spheroids of colorectal cancer cells were cultured with the hanging dro...     

CD133和CD90在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

存在于肿瘤组织中的少数具有干细胞性质的细胞群体被称为肿瘤干细胞(CSCs),可促进肿瘤的发生和发展,也是肿瘤耐药性、复发及转移的根源.有报道CD133和CD90可能为肿瘤干细胞表面标志物,但CD133和CD90在肝癌中的表达及其意义报道尚少.本研究采用免疫组织化学方法检测不同肝组织中CD133及CD90蛋白的表达水平,探讨其在肝癌中的表达情况及其与肝癌生物学特性及预后的关系.     

CD133在人肺腺癌组织中的表达及其临床关系

目的研究CD133在肺腺癌中的表达,探讨CD133表达与患者临床信息的相关性。方法取83例肺腺癌组织石蜡标本,用免疫组化法检测CD133的表达,结合患者年龄、性别、吸烟指数等信息进行统计分析,探讨CD133的表达与患者相关资料的关系。结果 83例中CD133阳性率为81.9%,同时具有表达的不均一性。结论 CD133在肺腺癌中广泛表达,表达强度具有不均一性,其表达与患者淋巴转移及病理分化程度相关,与年龄、性别、吸烟指数未见相关性。     

Decreased expression of miR-133a correlates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients

AIM: To investigate microRNA-133a (miR-133a) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationship with tumorigenesis and disease prognosis.METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure levels of miR-133a in tumor samples and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 169 patients undergoing radical resection for CRC. The associations between miR-133a expression and patient age, sex, as well as clinicopathologic parameters, such as tumor size, differentiation, location, invasion depth, metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and overall patient survival, were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic factors for patient survival prediction.RESULTS: The expression of miR-133a was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). This reduction was associated with the depth of the local invasion, poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and advanced disease (P < 0.05). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with low miR-133a expression had poorer overall survival (OS) than those with high miR-133a expression (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between OS and miR-133a level, tumor local invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P < 0.001). Furthermore, miR-133a levels and TNM stage were independently associated with OS (HR = 0.590, 95%CI: 0.350-0.995, P < 0.05; and HR = 6.111, 95%CI: 1.029-36.278, P < 0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: The downregulation of miR-133a may play an important role in the progression of CRC and can be used as an independent factor to determine CRC prognosis.     

CD133+肺癌细胞的干细胞特性研究

目的 收获CD133+肺腺癌细胞并评估其肿瘤干细胞特性.方法 从13例新鲜肺腺癌组织中收获CD133+和CD133-肺腺癌细胞,并进行Transwell侵袭实验、裸鼠成瘤实验等对比研究,观察CD133+和CD133-肺腺癌细胞的差异.结果 13例中有10例发现CD133表达,其阳性表达率最高为13.12%,CD133+和CD133-细胞在侵袭性、致瘤能力上有明显区别.结论 CD133在人肺腺癌组织细胞中广泛表达,CD133+较CD133-人肺腺癌细胞具有更强的侵袭性和致瘤能力.     

Prognostic value of the stem cell markers CD133 and ABCG2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

In the light of increasing evidence supporting cancer stem cells (CSCs) theory, the expression of two stem cell markers, CD133 and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was investigated, and their prognostic values were evaluated. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 110 ESCC patients were investigated using Immunohistochemistry. The association of CD133 and ABCG2 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed by χ(2) test. Survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. CD133 and ABCG2 expression were detected in 27.3% and 15.5% of ESCC patients, respectively. The presence of CD133-positive cancer cells was associated with tumor cell differentiation (P= 0.008) but not significantly related to the survival of ESCC patients (P= 0.085). ABCG2 expression was not associated with clinicopathologic characteristics but was a significant prognostic factor for adverse overall survival of ESCC patients (P= 0.005). The median overall survival time for ESCC patients with and without ABCG2 expression were 21.8 and >49.3 months, respectively. A combined analysis of CD133 and ABCG2 expression did not show that ESCC patients with coexpression of these two markers had a worse prognosis than those with only ABCG2 expression (P= 0.934). Moreover, ABCG2 expression was revealed to be an independent prognostic factor along with tumor node metastasis stage in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio of ABCG2, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.61～7.09; P= 0.001). By survival analysis based on tumor node metastasis stage of ESCC, the association between ABCG2 expression and the patients' prognosis was found significant in the group of relatively early stage (P= 0.005) and marginally significant in the group of relatively late stage (P= 0.058). This is the first time to report the presence of CD133-positive cancer cells in ESCC but not supporting its prognostic value and validity as a CSC marker for ESCC. ABCG2 expression was found to correlate with the survival of ESCC patients, especially those at relatively early stage, suggesting that ABCG2-positive cancer cells may represent a pool of CSCs in ESCC, and relatively early-stage patients with ABCG2 expression may deserve more intensive or targeted therapy.     

Strong expression of CD133 is associated with increased cholangiocarcinoma progression

AIM:To determine the role of CD133 in cholangiocarcinoma progression. METHODS:CD133 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 34 cholangiocarcinoma specimens.In addition,proliferation,chemoresistance and invasive properties of CD133-enriched(CD133 + ) and CD133-depleted(CD133 )RMCCA1 cholangiocarcinoma cells were studied and compared. RESULTS:Strong CD133 expression was observed in 67.6%(23/34)of the cholangiocarcinoma specimens. Strong expression of CD133 was significantly associated with...     

CD133、Ki-67在胃癌的表达及临床病理意义

目的:研究CDl33和Ki-67在胃癌中的表达,并探讨其与肿瘤生物学特征及患者术后生存时间的关系.方法:应用组织芯片技术,采用PV6000二步法检测有完整随访资料的336例胃癌及60例癌旁正常组织是CD133和Ki-67表达的差异.结果:胃癌CDl33和Ki-67的阳性率为57.4%.5[8]3%.CD133和Ki-67的表达均与肿瘤大小、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移数目、TNM分期和出现腹腔及远处转移相关(均P<0.05).CD133和Ki-67阳性组患者的5年生存率均低于阴性组(均P<0.05).CD133和Ki-67在胃癌的表达呈正相关(r=0.188,P<0.05).CD133和Ki-67在胃癌组织中的表达显著高于在癌旁正常组织中的表达(57.4% VS 28.6%.58.3% VS 18.6%,均P<0.05).CDl33和Ki-67均是患者术后生存时间的独立预后因子.结论:CD133和Ki-67在胃癌的发生、发展、转移及预后中发挥重要作用,可考虑作为胃癌临床评价肿瘤生物学行为及评估预后的指标.     

CD133在肺癌中的研究与进展

肺癌是世界范围内死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,也是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,恶性程度高,发展迅速,治疗困难,总体疗效不理想。肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤组织中一小部分具有自我更新、无限增殖和多向分化能力的肿瘤细胞,它在肿瘤组织中所占比例虽然很少,却与肿瘤起源、发展与转移关系密切,因此肿瘤干细胞被看作是一个根除癌症的潜在目标。CD133是...     

CD133在83例人肺腺癌细胞中的表达研究

目的:研究CD133在人肺腺癌中的表达,观察其表达情况及其临床意义。方法:取83例人肺腺癌石蜡标本,用免疫组化法检测CD133的表达,结合患者性别、淋巴转移等信息进行统计分析,研究CD133的表达与患者相关资料的关系。结果:83例患者中CD133阳性率为81.9%,同时具有表达的不均一性,阳性表达者其表达强度也不同。其表达与患者淋巴转移(χ2=14.01,P<0.01)、病理分化程度(χ2=9.67,P<0.01)及5年存活率(χ2=3.95,P<0.05)相关,与性别(χ2=2.70,P>0.05)、吸烟指数(χ2=0.09,P>0.05)未见相关性。结论:CD133在肺腺癌中的表达具有普遍性和不均一性,高表达患者淋巴转移率高,病理分化差,5年存活率低。CD133的表达对判断肺腺癌临床预后有指导作用。     

CD44 expression in benign and malignant colorectal polyps

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate immunohistochemically the expression of CD44 standard protein and CD44v5 and CD44v6 isoforms in colorectal adenomas and early invasive cancers developing within adenomas as possible markers characterizing colorectal polyps with a more aggressive biologic potential. METHODS: Archival tissues of 81 consecutive locally resected colorectal polyps, comprising 57 colorectal adenomas and 24 carcinomas-in-adenomas, were stained immunohistochemically with the use of commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies: SFF-2 for CD44 standard protein, VFF-8 for CD44v5, and VFF-7 for CD44v6. RESULTS: Sixtythree percent of the colorectal polyps were positive for CD44 standard protein, 59 percent were positive for CD44v5, and 27 percent were positive for CD44v6. Ninetythree percent of the low-grade adenomas were CD44 standard protein-positive, in contrast to 50 percent of the high-grade adenomas and only 42 percent of the carcinomas-in-adenomas (Kendall's Tau =–0.42;P<0.0001). CD44v6 expression was more frequently found in early invasive cancers (54 percent) than in high-grade adenomas (25 percent) and low-grade adenomas (7 percent). This difference also was statistically significant (Kendall's Tau-b =0.39;P=0.00003). Surprisingly, a downregulation of CD44 standard protein expression was observed in the adenoma tissue adjacent to carcinomas (62 percent) and areas with high-grade atypia (71 percent), compared with low-grade adenomas (93 percent; Kendall's Tau-b =–0.28;P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CD44 standard protein and CD44 isoform v6 expression differs considerably in benign and malignant colorectal polyps. Clinical studies with larger patient groups could clarify the prognostic potential of CD44 further     

The expression of CD66a and possible roles in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma

Background The aim of our study was to analyze the expression and possible role of CD66a in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and the relationship between its expression and pre-operation serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and tumor stage in patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas. Methods Paraffin-embedded sections from 184 patients including 42 colorectal adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, 43 adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and 99 adenocarcinomas were collected for this study. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed, and the expression and the location of CD66a were evaluated and were correlated with β-catenin nuclear expression. Results The expression of CD66a was found not only in the apical membrane of neoplastic glands but also in secretion within the lumen of the neoplastic glands including adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Expressions of secreted CD66a were of higher level in adenocarcinoma than in adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (p < 0.0001). High expression of secreted CD66a was also associated with tumor stage, invasion, and pre-operation serum CEA level of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions This study implied that CD66a can function both as an epithelial cell adhesion protein or alternatively as secreted CD66a. In addition, a high expression of CD66a was significantly correlated with tumor invasion, stage, and pre-operation serum CEA level.     

Promoter hypomethylation and reactivation of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3 genes in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer tissues

INTRODUCTION Human tumors often display changes in DNA methylation, which include both genome-wide hypomethylation and site-specific hypermethylation. Global hypomethylation and CpG island hypermethylation have been recognized as important contributors to…     

CD137／CD137L、白细胞介素-2在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：检测大肠癌组织中 CD137、CD137L 和白细胞介素（IL）-2的表达,并探讨其对大肠癌发生和发展的作用。方法收集肠镜切除并经病理检查确诊的30例首发原发结直肠癌患者的癌组织、癌旁组织、远离癌肿的正常组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测其 CD137、CD137L 和 IL-2的表达。结果CD137在3种组织中均呈阴性表达。CD137L 在3种组织中的阳性表达率呈下降趋势（分别为80．0％、16．7％和0）,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,但不同年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、分化程度及肿瘤位置比较,CD137L 的表达差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。CD137L 与 IL-2间无相关性。结论CD137L 在大肠癌组织及癌旁组织中的阳性表达率较高,CD137L 可能与大肠癌发生有关,对大肠癌早期诊断有一定的指导意义。