Consultative team to assess manual handling and reduce the risk of occupational injury

OBJECTIVES—To describe the formation of a consultative team to assess the risk of manual handling in the workplace that started in October 1992 within the cleaning services department of a 600 bed hospital, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its recommendations in reducing the rate and severity (time lost and cost) of workers' compensation injury.
METHODS—The consultative team identified, assessed, and recommended controls for manual handling and other injury risks. Data on injuries counted before and after implementation of the team's recommendations were obtained for the cleaning services study group, an orderly services comparison group, as well as cleaners from a peer hospital and for the State of Western Australia. Evaluation of the four groups was undertaken 3 years after the end of the study period, to allow maturation of the costs of the claims (adjusted to July 1998 consumer price index) and hours lost from work.
RESULTS—Statistical analysis showed that implementation of the recommendations significantly reduced numbers and rates of injury, but not the severity of injury, in the cleaning services study group. There was no difference in numbers or severity of injuries for the comparison groups before and after implementation of the recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS—The recommendation of the consultative team can produce a meaningful and sustained reduction in rates of injury within an at risk population. The results support a consultative approach to reducing workplace injuries from manual handling. The team process has potential for application to occupational groups at risk of exposure to other types of hazards.


Keywords: injury; risk assessment; participatory; ergonomics; teams     

Violence in the nursing workplace: a new occupational risk

This study is aimed at presenting a review of the literature regarding violence in the nursing workplace. The main aspects in relation to violence in the nursing workplace that were found in literature are: the types of violence, the prevalence of violence in the workplace; factors associated with the risk; consequences for workers and prevention of these events. Workers are exposed to several types of violence, causing serious consequences to health. It is necessary, therefore, that other studies about this subject matter are conducted, mainly in our country.     

Evaluating the association of workplace psychosocial stressors with occupational injury, illness, and assault

This research project characterizes occupational injuries, illnesses, and assaults (OIIAs) as a negative outcome associated with worker exposure to generalized workplace abuse/harassment, sexual harassment, and job threat and pressure. Data were collected in a nationwide random-digit-dial telephone survey conducted during 2003-2004. There were 2151 study interviews conducted in English and Spanish. Analyses included cross tabulation with Pearson's Chi-Square and logistic regression analyses. Three hundred and fifty-one study participants reported having an OIIA during the 12 months preceding the study. Occurrences of generalized workplace harassment (OR = 1.53; CI = 1.33-1.75, p ≤ 0.05); sexual harassment (OR = 1. 18; CI = 1.04-.34, p ≤ 0.05); and job pressure and threat (OR = 1.26; CI = 1.10-1.45, p ≤ 0.05) were significantly associated with reporting an OIIA. The psychosocial environment is significantly associated with an increased risk of OIIA. Further research is needed to understand causal pathways and to explore potential interventions.     

450t/a醚苯磺隆原药生产项目职业病危害控制效果评价

通过职业卫生调查,对某450 t/a醚苯磺隆原药生产项目存在的职业病危害因素及危害程度进行识别和分析,评价其职业病危害防护措施的效果。该项目为职业病危害严重的建设项目,职业病危害控制措施有效,基本达到《工业企业设计卫生标准》及相关卫生法规和标准的要求。     

多种风险评估方法在石材加工行业矽尘危害职业健康风险评估中的应用

应用国际采矿和金属委员会(ICMM)第二版的定性评估法、定量评估法和《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》(GBZ/T 298-2017)接触比值法、综合指数法对深圳市5家石材加工企业矽尘作业岗位的职业健康风险进行评估.结果显示,干磨岗位为极高风险,.其余岗位为高风险和中风险.接触比值法和综合指数法的结果一致...     

某集装箱运输港区职业卫生调查与评价

目的了解某集装箱运输港区工作场所存在的主要职业病危害因素水平与分布,提出预防措施及关键岗位操作时的注意事项。方法依据《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》《建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价技术导则》等相关规范和标准,通过现场调查和检测对某集装箱运输港区工程项目的职业病危害进行分析与评价。结果存在的主要职业病危害因素为一氧化碳、二氧化碳、工频电场、噪声和高温;该港区码头、堆场工作场所中一氧化碳、二氧化碳的时间加权平均容许浓度分别为1.0 mg/m3、1.3 mg/m3,短时间接触浓度分别为1 125 mg/m3、1 080 mg/m3,均远低于国家卫生接触限值的要求。各个监测点工频电场、噪声、高温合格率均达100%。结论该项目属于职业病危害较重的建设项目,采取的职业病危害因素防护措施可行,有效。但仍应加强危险品装卸区、锅炉房、污水处理站的日常维护,防止职业病的发生。     

职业伤害成本研究框架的探讨

在研究国内外职业伤害成本评价的基础上，结合我国职业伤害成本研究现状和数据的可获取性，提出了我国职业伤害研究的成本分类，成本组成部分，研究角度，研究优先问题和应采用的成本计算方法。     

A methodological proposal to evaluate the cost of duration moral hazard in workplace accident insurance

The cost of duration moral hazard in workplace accident insurance has been amply explored by North-American scholars. Given the current context of financial constraints in public accounts, and particularly in the Social Security system, we feel that the issue merits inquiry in the case of Spain. The present research posits a methodological proposal using the econometric technique of stochastic frontiers, which allows us to break down the duration of work-related leave into what we term “economic days” and “medical days”. Our calculations indicate that during the 9-year period spanning 2005–2013, the cost of sick leave amongst full-time salaried workers amounted to 6920 million Euros (in constant 2011 Euros). Of this total, and bearing in mind that “economic days” are those attributable to duration moral hazard, over 3000 million Euros might be linked to workplace absenteeism. It is on this figure where economic policy measures might prove more effective.     

某箱包加工企业职业病危害控制效果评价与分析

目的预防、控制和消除箱包加工企业作业场所职业病危害.方法对作业场所存在的职业病危害因素进行检测并进行职业病危害控制效果评价.结果作业场所苯浓度超过国家卫生标准,车间内通风不良,劳动者未佩戴有效的个人防护用品,无更衣室.结论综合评价该企业属于存在严重职业病危害项目企业.责令限期改正,复验合格后方可正式投入生产使用.     

装饰涂料制造企业风险评估中职业危害风险指数模型的应用

目的评估某装饰涂料制造企业职业健康风险,探讨职业危害风险指数模型在该企业健康风险评估中的适用性,为企业健康管理提供依据。方法以某装饰涂料制造企业为研究对象,根据职业危害因素种类和接触方式,采用职业危害风险指数模型对重点岗位职业危害因素进行风险评估,并根据作业场所检测结果、职业健康体检结果进行验证。结果接触噪声的油性制漆工、水性制漆工、灌装工和包装工岗位为中度危害;接触铬酸盐的调色工和接触乙酸丁酯的油性制漆工为轻度危害;其他工种岗位均为无危害。体检结果中接触噪声的异常率为6.25%,其他职业危害因素均未检查出异常。结论职业危害风险指数模型可用于该装饰涂料制造企业职业健康风险评估,噪声是该企业职业危害因素的控制重点。     

重点职业病监测现状及问题对策分析

目的 明确广东省重点职业病危害因素、重点职业病的分布和风险等级,提出重点防控的行业、企业和人群。 方法 2017年对广东省21个地市121个县区接触重点职业病危害因素的劳动者和企业进行监测。收集广东省重点职业病危害相关信息、重点职业病危害因素职业健康检查情况和重点职业病报告情况。 结果 共收集存在5种重点职业病危害因素的企业职业病危害项目申报表61 758份,接触5种重点职业病危害因素的劳动者为1 521 464人次。检测岗位超标率为22.1 %。接触重点职业病危害因素的劳动者接受在岗职业健康检查为597 602人次,疑似职业病检出率为0.51 %,职业禁忌证检出率为2.62 %。矽尘作业工人胸片呈尘肺样改变率为0.43 %,苯作业工人白细胞 < 4 × 10⁹/L者占1.81 %,中性粒细胞 < 2 × 10⁹/L占1.93 %,血小板 < 80 × 10⁹/L占0.14 %。噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈 ≥ 40 dB检出率为10.59 %,高温作业工人血糖偏高占5.99 %。局部振动作业工人神经传导速度减慢者占3.00 %。全省共报告职业性矽肺95例,职业苯中毒126例,苯所致白血病29例,职业性噪声聋409例,中暑29例,手臂振动病70例。 结论 职业性噪声聋、苯中毒、矽肺、手臂振动病等4种职业病为重点关注的职业病,接触重点职业病危害因素的劳动者应为重点防护对象。     

Individual,occupational, and workplace correlates of occupational health and safety vulnerability in a sample of Canadian workers

Objective

To describe OH&S vulnerability across a diverse sample of Canadian workers.

Methods

A survey was administered to 1,835 workers employed more than 15 hrs/week in workplaces with at least five employees. Adjusted logistic models were fitted for three specific and one overall measure of workplace vulnerability developed based on hazard exposure and access to protective OH&S policies and procedures, awareness of employment rights and responsibilities, and workplace empowerment.

Results

More than one third of the sample experienced some OH&S vulnerability. The type and magnitude of vulnerability varied by labor market sub‐group. Younger workers and those in smaller workplaces experienced significantly higher odds of multiple types of vulnerability. Temporary workers reported elevated odds of overall, awareness‐ and empowerment‐related vulnerability, while respondents born outside of Canada had significantly higher odds of awareness vulnerability.

Conclusion

Knowing how labor market sub‐groups experience different types of vulnerability can inform better‐tailored primary prevention interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:119–128, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Biological monitoring and risk assessment in occupational settings

Summary and conclusion In summary, we have found biomonitoring to be a valuable adjunct to medical surveillance in a number of situations. Although the potential benefits are relatively easy to demonstrate, clear guidance must be provided to assure that no harm will result from a biomonitoring program. A critical step in this regard is attention to the communication of objectives and results. This is especially true where biomonitoring of carcinogenic substances or surrogate measures for these substances are being considered. In such situations, action levels are helpful for interpretative purposes and immediate decision-making, but not for determining individual health risks. However, the quantitative results may be suitable for use in future health studies and risk assessments.Work presented at the 23rd Congress on Occupational and Environmental Health in the Chemical Industry (Medichem 1995) The Chemical Industry as a Global Citizen — Balancing Risks and Benefits, 19–22 September 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts     

某造纸企业职业病危害风险综合评估

采用风险指数评估法和职业卫生管理质量评分体系对某造纸企业职业病危害现状进行综合评估。该企业存在的主要职业病危害因素为噪声、粉尘和NO_2、SO_2、CH_4、NaOH、KOH、CO、O_3、Mn及其化合物、Ni及其化合物、Cr及其化合物等毒物。职业病危害关键控制点为电焊作业点产生的Cr及其化合物、Mn及其化合物、Ni及其化合物;电焊及纸机干部产生的NO_2;加工车间的复卷、折叠和抄造车间的复卷、初卷、打包及纸机干湿部、仓储作业点产生的噪声。电焊岗位的Cr及其化合物职业危害风险为"高度危害",电焊岗位的Mn及其化合物、Ni及其化合物、NO_2和纸机干部的NO_2以及初卷、复卷等8个岗位的噪声均为"中度危害",企业职业卫生管理质量为"一般",职业病危害现状综合评价结果为"严重危害"。政府部门应加大监管力度,企业应采取综合措施降低职业病危害风险,尤其应加强重点岗位和重点危害的控制。     

工作场所焦炉逸散物接触的健康风险评估

使用新加坡有害化学物质职业接触半定量风险评估方法 (简称"新加坡方法"),对16家焦化厂工人接触焦炉逸散物的健康风险进行评估。工作场所焦炉逸散物浓度从高到低依次为炉顶、炉侧、非焦炉和其他工作区,炉顶和炉侧工人的肺癌死亡率与焦炉逸散物接触具有较强的关联性,炉顶和炉侧工人接触焦炉逸散物的健康风险为极高风险,非焦炉和其他工作区为高度风险。提示焦化厂不同工作区均存在高度致癌风险,应建立持续改进的风险控制与管理策略,以降低焦炉逸散物接触水平,保护工人的健康。     

职业卫生年度评价工作对降低企业职业危害风险的作用

目的探讨职业卫生年度评价工作对企业职业危害风险的影响。方法采用职业流行病学横断面调查法和风险评价法,收集84家企业职业卫生年度评价工作前后5年职业卫生相关资料,建立可行性评价模型,分析其职业危害风险等级变化和原因。结果 1)干预前84家企业危害等级从低至高依次为:极低～极高共5级,构成比分别为2.4%、7.1%、20.2%、31.0%、39.3%;2)职业病发生风险等级评定为3级及以下的企业干预后(最少一年77家)比干预前(25家)增多、4级及以上的企业干预后(最多一年为7家)比干预前(59家)减少;3)职业卫生管理考评指标干预后获得完善(或基本完善)的企业数比干预前增加;4)干预后企业职业病发生的风险评定等级比干预前有明显降低(P<0.05),消除了高风险因素,但经过一段时间累积,个别企业风险评定重新回归到高风险等级。结论职业卫生年度评价工作对促进职业卫生管理效果明显,但须防止高风险的回归。     

两种职业健康风险评估方法在某啤酒制造企业噪声评估中的应用

目的 研究两种不同职业健康风险评估方法在某啤酒制造企业噪声岗位的适用性。方法 对武汉市某啤酒制造企业的工作场所进行职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测,以噪声暴露岗位L_EX,8h≥80dB(A)的工人为研究对象,使用《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》法和职业危害风险指数法对某啤酒制造企业噪声作业岗位进行风险评估,并比较两种方法的评估结果。结果 该企业噪声暴露水平在81.2～91.2dB(A)之间;指南法预测瓶装生产线灌酒工及贴标工在接触噪声35年后发生高频听损和噪声聋的风险为高风险,洗瓶、验瓶、装箱及听装生产线上瓶、灌酒工为中等风险,瓶装生产线做箱、堆垛及听装生产线装箱堆垛为低风险,职业危害风险指数法评估结果显示,瓶装生产线上瓶工、灌酒工、验酒工、贴标工及装箱工风险等级为中等风险,其他岗位为低风险。结论 职业危害风险指数法对影响健康风险的各要素考虑较为全面,评估结果与指南法较为接近;指南法能定量预测高频听损与噪声聋的风险,发生听力损失的风险随暴露年数增加而升高。