猫丘脑腹后内侧核向皮质躯体感觉面区的定位投射

本文应用HRP逆行追踪技术对猫丘脑腹后内侧核内投射神经元向头面部躯体感觉皮质区的定位投射进行了研究。结果证明,猫丘脑腹后内侧核大细胞部的内侧部投射至冠状回下部;腹后内侧核大细胞部的中部投射至冠状回上部;腹后内侧核大细胞部的外侧部投射至上斯氏回前下部。本文所见标记细胞均出现于HRP注射部位的同侧,为中型圆及椭圆形细胞。     

大鼠孤束核亚核内P物质和降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经元的分布

用抗Ｐ物质和降钙素基因相关肽免疫组织化学技术观察了大鼠孤束核内Ｐ物质和降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经元的分布．结果，在孤束核的尾侧部至嘴侧部全区内见到中型细胞，呈圆形、卵圆形或梭形的Ｐ物质阳性神经元，在最后区水平孤束核的连合核和内侧核内Ｐ物质阳性神经元较多，其它亚核内亦见到Ｐ物质阳性神经元，在孤束核的背侧周边区亦见到较多的Ｐ物质阳性神经元，降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经元多分布于最后区水平孤束核的连合核和内侧核内，亦分布于孤束核的背侧周边区．     

针刺镇痛后大鼠脑中脑啡肽mRNA的基因表达及其与Fos的共存

目的大鼠尾部伤害性刺激的电针抑止甩尾反射后观察脑内ＰＰＥｍＲＮＡ的表达与Ｆｏｓ的共存变化。方法成年大鼠，分对照、电流尾部伤害性刺激、颧穴电针镇痛等组作成脑切片经脑啡肽（Ｅｎｋ）ｍＲＮＡ原位杂交，观察基因表达。部分切片再用Ｆｏｓ免疫组化法观察共存。结果伤害性刺激和针刺镇痛后均可在端脑、下丘脑、中脑、脑桥和延脑许多部位见到不少ＥｎｋｍＲＮＡ基因表达神经元，其中额区皮质表达痛组主要在内侧，而镇痛组主要在外侧，蓝斑和ＰＡＧ背侧部痛组更显著。其他各部则镇痛组更明显；并且孤束核、网状外侧核、三叉神经脊束核和延髓头端内侧部表达细胞数镇痛组明显较多，具有统计上的显著性。在ＥｎｋｍＲＮＡ和Ｆｏｓ的共存切片中，总能见到单纯ＥｎｋｍＲＮＡ、单纯Ｆｏｓ和共存神经元的存在。结论针刺和痛刺激均能激活内阿片肽基因表达，但程度上有差异，而刺激组所表达的共存变化可能表明Ｆｏｓ参与ＥｎｋｍＲＮＡ等基因表达     

吸入高浓度CO_2后对廷髓Fos蛋白表达的影响

细胞内Ｆｏｓ蛋白表达增加，一般表明细胞活动的加强，因而Ｆｏｓ蛋白表达的分布广泛用于确定某种刺激所引起的活动加强的细胞群的所在部位。本工作采用吸入高浓度ＣＯ２后观察延髓Ｆｏｓ蛋白表达的变化的方法，初步观察ＣＯ２兴奋呼吸过程中延髓哪些核团参与活动。实验把１２只大鼠分两组进行，实验组６只吸入１４％～１５％ＣＯ２１ｈ，对照组６只吸入空气１ｈ，然后处死动物用ＡＢＣ法测定其延髓脑组织中Ｆｏｓ蛋白表达的密度。结果发现在实验组动物的延髓较广泛的区域均可见到Ｆｏｓ蛋白样免疫阳性反应（ＦＬＩ）细胞，其密度明显地超过对照组动物。ＦＬＩ细胞的分布相对集中于延髓的孤束核（ＮＴＳ）、面神经后核（ＮＲＦ）、外周橄榄腹外侧核（ＬＶＰＯ）、斜方体后核（ＮＲＴ）、巨细胞旁外侧核（ＬＰＧｉ）、外侧网状核（ＬＲｔ）、前庭内侧核（ＭＶｅ）、下橄榄内侧核Ｂ亚核（ＩＯＢ）等核团。其中尤以ＮＴＳ和ＮＲＦ区最为密集。初步提示这些核团活动的加强可能与吸入ＣＯ２的呼吸兴奋反应有关。     

一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元在大鼠内侧隔核和斜角带核中的分布

目的：研究大鼠内侧隔核（MS）和斜角带核（DB）中一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元的分布。方法：用尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶（NADPH－d)组织化学法。结果：MS中的NOS阳性细胞分布于其内侧，细胞少，占10．9％，呈散在分布。胞体多为圆形、卵圆形，胞体直径9．4－13μm，突起少；斜角带核垂直支（VDB）中的NOS阳性细胞较MS的多，占13．7％，分布于整个VDB中。胞体多为梭形和卵圆形，直径13－15μm，每个细胞发出2－3条突起；斜角带核水平支（HDB）中的NOS阳性细胞主要分布于HDB靠脑底面部分，密集，占26．7％。胞体多为梭形，细胞直径12－17μm，每个细胞发出1－2条突起。结论：本文详细报道了大鼠MS和DB中的NOS阳性神经元的分布特征。     

大鼠肾上腺交感神经节前神经元定位——HRP法研究

本实验用HRP逆行追踪法对大鼠肾上腺交感神经节前神经元进行了定位研究,并对中间外侧核4个亚核的性质及其与脑干、下丘脑的联系进行了讨论。其结果如下:实验组11只大鼠都有标记细胞,对照组2只大鼠均无标记细胞。标记细胞位于注射侧T_1—L_1脊髓节段,主要位于中胸段,以T_(10)节段最多。标记细胞主要集中于中间外侧核本部,占细胞总数的85.12％。细胞体以梭形为主,成群或单个排列。延髓无标记细胞。     

大鼠心脏神经节抗氟酸性磷酸酶组织化学观察

采用抗氟酸性磷酸酶（Ｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔａｃｉｄｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ，ＦＲＡＰ）组织化学技术对大鼠心内神经节细胞进行了观察。结果发现，１０只大鼠中有３只在心房后壁及心房大血管旁有少数神经节细胞呈ＦＲＡＰ反应阳性，该类神经元属小型神经元。其形态类似假单极神经元。对心内这类神经元性质进行了讨论，提示心内该酶阳性的神经元可能为感觉性质的。     

大鼠丘脑束旁核的电镜观察

透射电镜下观察了大鼠ＰＦ中参与突触构成的各种轴突终末及突触联系为主的超微结构特征，ＰＦ中参与突触构成的轴突终末分为Ｒ，Ｆ，Ｐ及Ｇ终末四类，Ｒ终末包括ＳＲ及Ｇ终末四类，Ｒ终末包括ＳＲ及ＬＲ终末，ＳＲ终末占８１．５３％，为含有小圆形清亮小泡的轴突终末，所含小泡平均直径为４３ｎｍ，ＬＲ终末占９４．５％，含较大直径的圆形清亮小泡，平均直径为５６ｎｍ，与树突构成对称或不对称的轴－树突触，Ｆ终末占６．４４％，     

实验性瞬时高血压诱发大鼠脑内Fos表达

目的：观察大鼠中枢神经系统调节血压的部位,和苯肾上腺素静脉注射制作大鼠高血压模型,以抗Ｆｏｓ蛋白免疫组织化学方法,观察全脑Ｆｏｓ阳性神经元分布。结果高血压诱发下列区域Ｆｏｓ阳性细胞集中分布：延髓内脏带、臂旁外侧核、室核、视上核,杏仁核、终纹床核、额皮质１,２区、扣带皮质及梨状前皮质。位于延髓内脏带孤束核内的Ａ２细胞群和腹外侧区的Ａ１细胞群分别有３７．６３％和５４．２５％的酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元表达     

203例肺癌癌基因与抗癌基因癌蛋白的研究

２０３例肺癌中（鳞癌１１０例，腺癌６３例，小细胞癌１１例，鳞腺癌７例，肺泡腺癌６例，类癌３例，粘液细胞癌３例）上皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）阳性占５０．２５％，Ｐａｎ－ｒａｓ阳性占４１．８７％，Ｐ５３阳性为３５．４７％。ＥＧＦＲ和Ｐ５３同时表达占的２４．６３％。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性者在１１０例鳞癌中为２２．７３％，而在６３例腺癌中为５２．３８％，两者有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｐ５３的表达与患者的生存率和无远处转移率有关，Ｐ５３阴性的发生远处转移危险性为Ｐ５３阳性的２．３５倍（Ｐ＝０．００７）。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.