人工晶状体悬吊6例体会

目的 探讨基层医院白内障术中后囊破裂大于1／4，玻璃体脱出时如何安全植入人工晶状体的方法、技巧，并对其疗效进行评价。方法 利用Aleon 10-0尼龙线及普通后房型C襻人工晶状体缝线悬吊对小切口白内障囊外摘出术人工晶状体植入术或晶状体超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术中出现后囊破裂者行单悬吊或双悬吊巩膜缝合植入人工晶状体。结果 6例人工晶状体位置正常，全部为Ⅰ期植入．随访6～36月，所有患者视力大于0.3以上，随诊无远期严重并发症。结论 作为对术中出现后囊破裂玻璃体脱出所致的无后囊支撑或仅有部分支撑的情况的一种手术补救，应用人工晶状体悬吊植入是可行的，并且在紧急情况下完全可以使用尼龙线及普通后房型人工晶状体。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出术适于县市基层医院

目的 观察小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术在县市基层医院施行的效果。方法 对152例(185眼)施行小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术，术后观察视力及并发症情况；结果 术后视力迅速恢复，术后1周视力≥0．5者163眼占88．11％，视力≥0．8者155眼占8378％。术中、术后均无严重并发症。结论 小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术是有效且经济的白内障手术方法，不需要昂贵的器械，易于学习，便于推广，特别适用于县市基层医院。     

白内障术中后囊破裂一期人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术中后囊破裂时一期人工晶状体植入的方法。方法对本院2004年1月。2005年6月行现代白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术中因各种原因导致后囊破裂行一期人工晶状体植入的23眼进行回顾性分析。结果术后视力0．3以下者2眼，0．4～0．7者18眼，0．8～1．0者3眼。术后早期眼部反应较正常。结论术中因各种原因导致后囊破裂，只要处理好玻璃体和人工晶状体植入，就能取得术后较好的视力。     

非超声乳化小切口囊外白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术分析

目的:分析非超声乳化小切口囊外白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障的疗效及并发症.方法:白内障患者90例(90眼)于9点至12点角膜缘后作6～8mm的巩膜隧道切口,撕囊或截囊后以晶状体圈匙娩出晶状体核,注吸皮质植入人工晶状体.结果:术后3d视力:3眼＜0.05,66眼≥t0.05～＜0.3,21眼视力≥0.3;术后1mo复查时视力2眼＜0.05,32眼≥0.05～＜0.3,56眼≥0.3.主要并发症有角膜水肿、前房炎症反应、后囊膜破裂玻璃体脱出等,2眼人工晶状体植入失败.结论:非超声乳化小切口囊外白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术设备简单易于操作,效果满意,适宜于开展白内障防盲治盲工作的需要.     

外伤性白内障手术的疗效分析

目的：评价外伤性白内障的手术效果。方法：对56例（58眼）各种原因所致的外伤性白内障施行手术治疗,其中44眼行现代白内障囊外摘出或超声乳化术,同时一期后房人工晶状体植入;5眼二期后房人工晶状体植入;6眼前房人工晶状体植入;3眼人工晶状体缝线固定术。结果：术后视力0.4－1.0者39眼占67.2％,并发症主要为后囊破裂玻璃体脱出、角膜水肿、人工晶状体前膜及后发障。结论：外伤性白内障虽病情复杂,并发症较多,但通过精细手术和术前术后的合理治疗仍可获得满意疗效。     

白内障术中后囊破裂的Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的评价白内障囊外摘出术中后囊破裂行前段玻璃体切割联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入的手术效果。方法对１４８０例白内障囊外摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术中４９例后囊破裂,行前段玻璃体切割联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入的手术技巧、术后并发症和术后视力等进行分析。结果手术后囊破裂率为３．３％,７０％患者人工晶状体植入囊袋内,３０％患者为睫状沟,８９．９％患者出院时裸眼视力≥０．５。结论白内障囊外摘出术中后囊破裂,行前段玻璃体切割联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入是安全有效的。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出并发症及处理

目的探讨经巩膜隧道小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入手术并发症及处理。方法回顾性分析巩膜隧道小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入236例(255眼)。结果并发症的发生率为:角膜水肿33.73%,前房积血2.75%后囊破裂1.96%。结论小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术视力恢复快,术中术后并发症少,适合基层医院开展。     

外伤性白内障后囊缺损后房型人工晶体缝线固定术

目的：观察36例（36眼）外伤性白内障后囊缺损行后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术的效果。方法：10眼为异物伤行异物摘出联合一期植入术。7眼为术中后囊缺损大而改行缝线固定术。19眼为二期缝线固定术。结果：所有患者术后均获得有用视力，其中达0．5以上25眼（69．4％）。结论：人工晶状体缝线固定植入术治疗外伤性白内障效果满意，不同程度恢复有用视力及双眼单视功能。     

Marfan综合征白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨Marfan综合征白内障出及人工晶状体植入术的手术要点，以减少并发症，提高手术成功率。方法：Marfan综合征10例16眼异位并混浊的晶状体行抽吸术，或ECCE Pc-IOL植入术，必要时行人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术，观察分析术中术后情况，并复习相关献。结果：本组10例16眼中11眼人工晶状体成功植入晶状体囊袋内，人工晶状体正位或基本正位，未发生玻璃体脱出等并发症。5眼在截囊、撕囊或调整人工晶状体位置时，发生后囊膜破裂及玻璃体脱出，其中4眼采用人工晶状体缝线固定术。术后视力均明显提高，但都不能达到正常标准(1．0)。结论：（1）本手术难度大风险多，术前须根据晶状体脱位程度及位置选择好术式，术中操作要格外小心，掌握手术要点，避免或减少玻璃体脱出等并发症，提高手术成功率。（2）轻、中度脱位患可选用晶状体抽吸术或ECCE或超声乳化 Pc-IOL植入术，半脱位以上宜采用圈匙取出术及人工晶状体缝线固定术，全脱位需根据脱位的部位酌情处理。（3）囊袋张力环可减少并发症，提高手术成功率。     

玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化术

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析39例(39眼)玻璃体切除硅油填充术后并发性白内障病例的临床资料,白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术8眼,超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术18眼,其中以上2种术式均行玻璃体腔灌注;无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化白内障摘出术折叠人工晶状体植入13眼,比较3种方法术后视力、手术并发症情况.结果 视力提高囊外摘出术7眼,玻璃体腔灌注加超声乳化术16眼,无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化术12眼.视力不提高的原因均与眼底有关.与手术无关.结论 无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化具有更安全、微创、恢复快的优点,是玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障首选的手术方式.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.