Comparative inhibition by bilastine and cetirizine of histamine-induced wheal and flare responses in humans

Objective and design  

Comparison of bilastine and cetirizine in inhibiting skin wheal and flare responses over 24 h.     

Habit formation in context: Context-specific and context-free measures for tracking fruit consumption habit formation and behaviour

Objectives

Interventions promoting habitual fruit consumption have the potential to bring about long-term behaviour change. Assessing the effectiveness of such interventions requires adequate habit and behaviour measures. Habits are based on learned context-behaviour associations, so measures that incorporate context should be more sensitive to expected habit and behaviour changes than context-free measures. This study compared context-specific and context-free measures of fruit consumption habit and behaviour following a 3-week habit formation intervention.

Design

Prospective online study (n = 58).

Methods

Behaviour frequency was assessed across five timepoints, retrospectively (Time 1 [T1], T5) or via daily diary data (uploaded weekly at T2, T3 and T4). Habit strength was assessed before (T1) and immediately after the intervention (T4), and again 2 weeks later (T5). Analyses of variance were run, with time and context specificity as within-subject factors, and habit and behaviour frequency as dependent measures.

Results

An interaction between time and context specificity was found in both analyses (habit: F(2,114) = 12.848, p < .001, part.η² = .184; behaviour: F(2,114) = 6.714, p = .002, part.η² = .105). Expected habit formation patterns 5 weeks post-baseline were only detected by the context-specific habit measure. Likewise, increased behaviour frequency was only found when the target context was specified (p's < .001).

Conclusions

Assessments of purposeful dietary habit and behaviour change attempts should incorporate context-specific measurement.     

Morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of in-situ Kaposi's sarcoma

Background  

The spectrum of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been expanded to include pre-KS lesions.     

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Fundamentals and Applications of the Reprogramming Process and its Ramifications on Regenerative Medicine

Objective  

To provide a comprehensive source of information about the reprogramming process and induced pluripotency.     

Utility of temporal self-regulation theory in health and social behaviours: A meta-analysis

Purpose

Temporal self-regulation theory was developed to address an observed intention-behaviour gap across behaviours. However, a synthesis of studies has not yet been conducted to investigate the theory's utility to explain behaviour and bridge the intention-behaviour gap. This review aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of temporal self-regulation theory to understanding behaviour and pre-registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021253174).

Method

Forward citation searches on the original theory publication through Google Scholar until May 2021 identified 37 eligible articles, including, 12,555 participants assessing at least two of the three theory constructs. Random-effects meta-analyses assessed the strength of associations between theory constructs on behaviour and random effects meta-regressions assessed moderators of behaviour.

Results

Findings provide support for temporal self-regulation theory to explain behaviour with very weak (self-regulatory capacity r = .039, CI = .00, –.07) to moderate (intention r = .331, CI = .26, .40; behavioural pre-potency r = .379, CI = .32, .44) effect sizes. Further, the strength of associations varied across behaviour types and contexts. However, there was high heterogeneity across studies and some moderating effects could not be assessed due to insufficient numbers of studies assessing interactions.

Conclusions

We urge researchers to assess and report interactions for better understanding of the drivers of behaviour to develop effective interventions for positive behaviour change.     

Number of teeth and myocardial infarction and stroke among elderly never smokers

Background  

We sought to develop a model of bacterially induced preterm delivery in rats to parallel similar models in mice.     

Exploring barriers and enablers to the delivery of Making Every Contact Count brief behavioural interventions in Ireland: A cross-sectional survey study

Objectives

The public health impact of the Irish Making Every Contact Count (MECC) brief intervention programme is dependent on delivery by health care professionals. We aimed to identify enablers and modifiable barriers to MECC intervention delivery to optimize MECC implementation.

Design

Online cross-sectional survey design.

Methods

Health care professionals (n = 4050) who completed MECC eLearning were invited to complete an online survey based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Multiple regression analysis identified predictors of MECC delivery (logistic regression to predict delivery or not; linear regression to predict frequency of delivery). Data were visualized using Confidence Interval-Based Estimates of Relevance (CIBER).

Results

Seventy-nine per cent of participants (n = 283/357) had delivered a MECC intervention. In the multiple logistic regression (Nagelkerke's R² = .34), the significant enablers of intervention delivery were ‘professional role’ (OR = 1.86 [1.10, 3.15]) and ‘intentions/goals’ (OR = 4.75 [1.97, 11.45]); significant barriers included ‘optimistic beliefs about consequences’ (OR = .41 [.18, .94]) and ‘negative emotions’ (OR = .50 [.32, .77]). In the multiple linear regression (R² = .29), the significant enablers of frequency of MECC delivery were ‘intentions/goals’ (b = 10.16, p = .02) and professional role (b = 6.72, p = .03); the significant barriers were ‘negative emotions’ (b = −4.74, p = .04) and ‘barriers to prioritisation’ (b = −5.00, p = .01). CIBER analyses suggested six predictive domains with substantial room for improvement: ‘intentions and goals’, ‘barriers to prioritisation’, ‘environmental resources’, ‘beliefs about capabilities’, ‘negative emotions’ and ‘skills’.

Conclusion

Implementation interventions to enhance MECC delivery should target intentions and goals, beliefs about capabilities, negative emotions, environmental resources, skills and barriers to prioritization.     

Evaluation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of hesperidin and naringin on the rat air pouch model of inflammation

Background  

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of hesperidin and naringin was carried out considering the rat air pouch model of inflammation.     

Investigation and review of myocardial bridges in adult cadaver hearts and angiographs

Purpose  

We aimed to compare the myocardial bridges (MBs) both in the coronary angiography and cadavers.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammatory genes and the risk of early onset of lone atrial fibrillation

Background  

Systemic low-grade inflammation is a prognostic risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF).     

A survey of the use of electronic scientific information resources among medical and dental students

Background  

To evaluate medical and dental students' utilization of electronic information resources.     

3D reconstruction of the crural and thoracolumbar fasciae

Purpose  

To create computerized three-dimensional models of the crural fascia and of the superficial layer of the thoracolumbar fascia.     

Size and location of the kidneys during the fetal period

Purpose  

The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric development and location of the kidneys during the fetal period.     

Neurovascular foramina of the human clavicle and their clinical significance

Purpose  

To study the topographic anatomy and morphology of neurovascular foramina of the human adult clavicles.     

Association of the NFKBIA gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis

Objective  

To quantitatively summarize the association of NFKBIA gene polymorphisms with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.     

Factor VII deficiency and developmental abnormalities in a patient with partial monosomy of 13q and trisomy of 16p: case report and review of the literature

Background  

Unbalanced chromosomal translocations may present with a variety of clinical and laboratory findings and provide insight into the functions of genes on the involved chromosomal segments.     

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in vestibular schwannomas and their clinical significance

Objective  

The objective was to determine the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in vestibular schwannomas as well as to determine predictive factors for estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity.     

Association of Depression and Suicidal Ideation with Unreasonable Patient Demands and Complaints Among Japanese Physicians: A National Cross-sectional Survey

Background  

Physicians' mental health can be affected by unreasonable demands and complaints made by patients.     

Visiting medical student elective and clerkship programs: a survey of US and Puerto Rico allopathic medical schools

Background  

No published reports of studies have provided aggregate data on visiting medical student (VMS) programs at allopathic medical schools.