舒必利致心律失常的电生理研究

目的：观察不同浓度舒必利对缺血兔心浦肯野纤维动作电位的影响及舒必利对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠通道电流的作用。方法：采用标准微电极技术,观察不同浓度（1～100μmol／L）舒必利对模拟缺血液灌流的离体兔心浦肯野纤维动作电位0期去极化幅值（APA）、最大除极速率（Vmax）、有效不应期（ERP）及90％动作电位时程（APD50）的影响。应用酶解法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录舒必利对钠通道电流（INa）的影响。结果：不同浓度的舒必利对缺血兔浦肯野纤维动作电位的APA和APD90无明显影响,对Vmax有降低趋势。舒必利（3～300μmol／L）浓度依赖性地抑制INa（IC50=10．79μmol／L,测试电压-35mv）。10μmol／L舒必利降低了INa的最大电导gmax,使半激活、失活电压负值分别减小了1．91mV（P〈0．01）和5．22mV（P〈0．01）;恢复时间常数增加,但最大激活电流可以基本恢复至给药前。结论：舒必利可轻度逆转缺血液灌流造成的心浦肯野纤维动作电位缩短,并浓度依赖性地抑制钠电流,舒必利作用于钠通道的失活态。     

牛磺酸镁配合物对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠离子和钙离子通道的影响

目的研究牛磺酸镁配合物(TMC)对正常豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)和L-钙电流(ICa,L)的影响,旨在探讨其抗心律失常作用的可能机制。方法酶解法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞,全细胞膜片钳技术记录单个心室肌细胞的INa和ICa,L。结果TMC50μmol·L-1不影响INa,而100～200μmol·L-1浓度依赖性地抑制INa;TMC50～200μmol·L-1浓度依赖性地增加ICa,L,使ICa,L的稳态失活曲线右移,对ICa,L的稳态激活曲线无影响。结论TMC对心室肌细胞INa的阻滞可能是其抗心律失常作用的机制之一;对ICa,L的促进可能有利于其发挥正性肌力作用。     

白藜芦醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流的影响

目的 研究白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)的影响,探讨其心肌保护机制.方法 用全细胞膜片钳技术记录RES对单个心室肌细胞INa的作用.结果 RES(10,30,100 μmol·L-1)浓度依赖性的抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞INa,其中30 μmol·L-1对INa的抑制率为(17.3±3.1)%(P<0.005),100 μmol·L-1抑制率(52.7±10.2)%(P<0.01),抑制作用迅速,用药后3 min左右即开始起效,洗脱后均可以完全恢复;100 μmol·L-1使半数最大失活电压(V1/2)由(-89.3±2.0)mV变化到(-100.7±3.3)mV(P<0.005),RES未改变S和半数最大激活电压(V1/2).结论 RES浓度依赖性的抑制INa,作用出现快,并且可逆.     

卡维地洛对大鼠心室肌细胞钠通道的影响

目的研究卡维地洛对大鼠心室肌细胞膜钠通道的影响,在离子通道水平探讨卡维地洛的抗心律失常作用机制。方法用急性酶解法获得单个大鼠心室肌细胞,标准的全细胞膜片钳技术记录钠通道电流。结果①卡维地洛呈浓度依赖性抑制钠通道电流,IC50=(6.35±0.40)μmol·L-1。②10μmol·L-1卡维地洛能使心肌细胞钠通道电流-电压关系曲线明显上移,峰电流从(17.31±1.68)pA/pF减少至(6.58±1.35)pA/pF(n=8,P<0.05),激活电位、峰电位和翻转电位无明显改变。③卡维地洛能使钠通道电流失活曲线明显左移。④卡维地洛对钠通道电流的激活和复活曲线无明显影响。⑤卡维地洛呈频率依赖性地抑制钠通道电流。⑥1μmol·L-1卡维地洛能明显阻断10μmol·L-1异丙肾上腺素增加钠通道电流效应。结论卡维地洛能够抑制心肌细胞钠通道电流,呈浓度依赖性和频率依赖性。     

双苯氟嗪对豚鼠心室肌细胞膜钠电流的影响(英文)

目的观察双苯氟嗪对豚鼠心室肌细胞膜钠电流的影响。方法用酶解方法分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,全细胞膜片钳技术记录钠电流。结果将细胞钳制在-80mV,给(-80～+50)mV,50ms和步阶10mV的去极化脉冲,记录到的电流被河豚毒素10μmol·L-1完全抑制。在该刺激条件下,该电流最大激活电压在-20mV左右,翻转电压在+30mV左右,提示该电流为钠电流。双苯氟嗪可以浓度依赖性地抑制钠电流。双苯氟嗪对钠电流的抑制作用在冲洗后可部分恢复,表明其对钠通道的抑制作用具有可逆性。双苯氟嗪可使钠电流I-V曲线上移,但对钠电流的电压依赖性特征、最大激活电压和翻转电压无明显影响。在双苯氟嗪40μmol·L-1存在下,最大激活电压下的峰值电流下降约46%;双苯氟嗪可明显使钠电流稳态失活曲线左移,但不影响曲线的斜率因子。双苯氟嗪40μmol·L-1可使钠电流半数失活电压从(-73.0±4.6)mV减少到(-82.8±7.2)mV。但双苯氟嗪对钠电流稳态激活无明显影响,在双苯氟嗪40μmol·L-1存在下,半数激活电压(-33.7±3.6)mV和斜率因子(5.6±2.4)mV与对照组激活电压(-34.9±5.1)mV和斜率因子(6.0±4.8)mV相比无显著性差异。双苯氟嗪可以使钠电流从失活状态下恢复明显减慢,双苯氟嗪40μmo·lL-1可使恢复时间常数延长(79±28)vs(36±11)ms。结论双苯氟嗪可以浓度依赖性、使用依赖性和频率依赖性地抑制心肌钠电流,并且主要作用于钠电流的失活状态。     

牛磺酸镁对缺氧/复氧致大鼠心室肌细胞钠离子通道异常的影响

目的观察牛磺酸镁配合物(taurine-magnesium coordination compound,TMCC)对缺氧/复氧损伤所导致的大鼠心肌细胞异常钠通道电流的影响。方法采用Langendorff逆行主动脉灌流酶溶液消化法,急性分离大鼠单个心肌细胞,以缺氧钠外液模拟缺氧15 min后,给予有氧钠外液5 min制备缺氧/复氧模型。应用全细胞膜片钳技术,在电压钳模式下,以胺碘酮为阳性对照药,记录不同浓度TMCC对正常细胞和缺氧复氧模型细胞钠离子通道电流INa的影响。结果与正常对照组INa峰值(56.89±2.07)pA/pF相比,缺氧/复氧使大鼠心室肌细胞INa峰值减小至(35.05±1.52)pA/pF(n=6,P<0.01),I-V曲线上移。TMCC(100、200、400μmol·L-1)可使减小的电流呈浓度依赖性增加,分别恢复至(35.78±1.95)pA/pF(n=6,P>0.05)、(41.52±0.86)pA/pF(n=6,P<0.01)、(48.34±0.99)pA/pF(n=6,P<0.01),24.24μmol·L-1胺碘酮使其恢复为(39.44±1.24)pA/pF(n=6,P<0.01)。TMCC和胺碘酮均能使上移的I-V曲线下移。此外,TMCC和胺碘酮还可恢复因缺氧/复氧右移的失活曲线,使失活减慢,但对激活的影响并不明显。结论 TMCC(200、400μmol·L-1)通过抑制钠通道的失活过程以恢复缺氧/复氧损伤引起的INa峰值减小,使上移的I-V曲线下移,提示该作用可能是TMCC抗缺血性心律失常的机制之一。     

“非抗菌药物剂量和频次智能化监控系统”的研发

目的研究3,5,4'-三甲基白藜芦醇(trans-resveratrol derivative3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene,TMS)对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)和钾电流(IK1)的直接作用,探讨其心肌保护作用。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术记录TMS对单个心室肌细胞INa和IK1的作用。结果TMS(10μmol·L-1)可快速抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞INa,用药后3min左右即开始起效,10min时抑制率为(36.8±5.6)%(P<0.005),洗脱后可完全恢复;1,3μmol·L-1TMS未影响INa大小。TMS不改变INa的最大激活电压,也不影响IK1的大小。10μmol·L-1使半数最大失活电压(V1/2)由(-87.0±3.3)mV变化到(-96.7±3.5)mV(P<0.001),使失活曲线斜率(S)由(4.9±0.3)mV变化到(5.4±0.3)mV(P<0.01);使半数最大激活电压(V1/2)(-38.9±1.4)mV变化到(-47.3±1.3)mV(P<0.001),未改变激活S。结论TMS可直接作用于豚鼠心室肌细胞,快速抑制INa,且此作用快速、可逆。     

大豆苷元对大鼠心室肌细胞I_(Na)的影响

目的观察大豆苷元对大鼠心室肌细胞钠通道电流(I_(Na))的影响,探讨其抗心律失常的机制。方法 MTT比色法检测大豆苷元对心室肌细胞活力的影响;单酶解法分离大鼠单个心室肌细胞;全细胞膜片钳技术观察、记录、分析大豆苷元给药前后大鼠心室肌细胞I_(Na)及其动力学特征的变化。结果 MTT实验表明,大豆苷元的IC_(50) 30～100μmol·L~(-1),由此选定用于后续实验的药物浓度为0.3～10μmol·L~(-1)。膜片钳实验结果表明,当给予终浓度为0.3、1、3、10μmol·L~(-1)大豆苷元后,药物对I_(Na)呈浓度依赖性抑制现象;大豆苷元0.3μmol·L~(-1)时对I_(Na)作用的时间过程也具有一定影响,随时间推移缓慢减小;1、3、10μmol·L~(-1)大豆苷元使I-U曲线上移;在此同等条件下,激活曲线向去极化方向移动、稳态失活曲线向超极化方向移动和失活后恢复曲线的τ值延长。结论大豆苷元对大鼠心室肌Na~+通道有明显的抑制作用,这可能是其抗心律失常的机制之一。     

H-89对大鼠心肌细胞膜电流的影响

目的评估蛋白激酶A(PKA)抑制剂H-89对大鼠心室肌细胞膜主要离子通道和转运体的影响。方法应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察H-89对胶原酶分解的成年SD大鼠心室肌细胞膜离子电流L-型钙电流(ICa-L)、电压门控钠电流(INa)、内向整流钾电流(IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)和钠钙交换体电流(INa/Ca)的影响。结果1～10μmol.L-1H-89可浓度依赖性抑制ICa-L、INa、Ito(P<0.05);对IK1有更强的抑制作用,在较低浓度(5μmol.L-1)时即可完全抑制IK1(P<0.05),与0.5mmol.L-1氯化钡的作用类似。但在1～10μmol.L-1浓度范围内H-89对INa/Ca无明显作用(P>0.05)。结论H-89对心肌细胞膜电流的影响可能是其对通道的直接作用或间接通过抑制PKA所致。     

乙醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞钙钠离子通道电流的影响

目的：观察乙醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙离子通道电流（IGLL）和电压依赖性钠离子通道电流（INa）的影响，并探讨两者在乙醇致心肌损伤中的意义。方法：采用蛋白酶消化的成年豚鼠单个心室肌细胞及膜片钳全细胞技术，记录不同浓度乙醇对ICal.和INa的作用。结果：（1）乙醇抑制ICaL峰值，24mmol/L和240mmol/L乙醇抑制率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）24、80、240mmol／L乙醇使ICaL的电流-电压（I-V）曲线上移，在各测试电压下，电流均减小，但不影响曲线形状，用乙醇后最大激活电压仍在0mV左右。（3）24mmol／L乙醇基本不影响I、峰值，80、240mm01]L乙醇抑制I。峰值，与24mmol／L乙醇的抑制率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（4）24mmol／L乙醇对INa的I-V曲线无明显影响。80、240mmol／L乙醇使INa的I-V曲线上移，在各测试电压下，电流均减小，曲线形状无明显改变，用药后最大激活电压仍在-30mV左右。结论：致毒浓度（24mmol／L）的乙醇对ICal.具有明显抑制作用，可导致心肌产生负性肌力作用，动作电位时程缩短，诱发心律失常。但致毒浓度（24mmol／L）的乙醇不影响INa，而致死浓度（80mmol／L）对INa有明显抑制作用。     

葛根素抑制大鼠心室肌细胞的钠电流

AIM: To study the effect of puerarin (Pue) on Na+ channel in rat ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied on isolated cardiomyocytes from rats. RESULTS: Pue inhibited cardiac INa in a positive rate-dependent and dose-dependent manner, with an IC(50) of 349 micromol/L. The kinetics of blockage of cardiac sodium channel by Pue resembled the ClassIa/Ic of antiarrhythmic agents. Pue 300 micromol/L did not alter the shape of the I-V curve of INa, but markedly shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of INa towards more negative potential by 15.9 mV, and postponed the recovery of INa inactivation state from (21.9+/-1.6) ms to (54.4+/-3.4) ms (P<0.01). It demonstrated that the steady state of inactivation was affected by Pue significantly. CONCLUSION: Pue protected ventricular myocytes against cardiac damage and arrhythmias by inhibiting recovery from inactivation of cardiac Na+ channels.     

Inhibition of cardiac sodium currents by toluene exposure

Toluene is an industrial solvent widely used as a drug of abuse, which can produce sudden sniffing death due to cardiac arrhythmias. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that toluene inhibits cardiac sodium channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes transfected with Nav1.5 cDNA and in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. In oocytes, toluene inhibited sodium currents (INa+) in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 274 microm (confidence limits: 141-407 microm). The inhibition was complete, voltage-independent, and slowly reversible. Toluene had no effect on: (i). the shape of the I-V curves; (ii). the reversal potential of Na+; and (iii). the steady-state inactivation. The slow recovery time constant from inactivation of INa+ decreased with toluene exposure, while the fast recovery time constant remained unchanged. Block of INa+ by toluene was use- and frequency-dependent. In rat cardiac myocytes, 300 microm toluene inhibited the sodium current (INa+) by 62%; this inhibition was voltage independent. These results suggest that toluene binds to cardiac Na+ channels in the open state and unbinds either when channels move between inactivated states or from an inactivated to a closed state. The use- and frequency-dependent block of INa+ by toluene might be responsible, at least in part, for its arrhythmogenic effect.     

长春西汀对大鼠心肌细胞钠电流的抑制作用

目的：研究长春西汀对心肌细胞钠电流的作用。方法：用全细胞膜片箝技术记录大鼠心肌细胞钠电流。结果：长春西汀可逆性抑制心肌细胞钠电流的作用为剂量依赖性和电压依赖性，但未发现频率或使用依赖性。长春西汀１０－８０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１，对钠电流的抑制作用为１３％±２％至７５％±６％，半数抑制浓度ＩＣ５０值（９５％可信限）为３６．４（２８．１－４７．１）μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１，在膜电位以１０ｍＶ的间隔从－９０ｍＶ阶     

氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对人和豚鼠心肌细胞钠电流的影响氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对人和豚鼠心肌细胞钠电流的影响

目的研究氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对人心房肌细胞和豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流的影响。方法应用酶解法分离单个心肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对钠电流的作用。结果氢化可的松琥珀酸钠(1,3,10 μmol·L^-1)浓度依赖性地抑制人心房肌细胞和豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流,IC₅₀分别为6.97和8.74 μmol·L^-1。氢化可的松琥珀酸钠不改变i_Na的最大激活电压。氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对钠电流的抑制作用起效快,见于用药后1～3 min。结论氢化可的松琥珀酸钠浓度依赖性地抑制钠电流,此作用出现快,提示可能与非基因组效应有关。     

Analysis of moricizine block of sodium current in isolated guinea-pig atrial myocytes. Atrioventricular difference of moricizine block

The effects of moricizine on Na+ channel currents (INa) were investigated in guinea-pig atrial myocytes and its effects on INa in ventricular myocytes and on cloned hH1 current were compared using the whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. Moricizine induced the tonic block of INa with the apparent dissociation constant (Kd,app) of 6.3 microM at -100 mV and 99.3 microM at -140 mV. Moricizine at 30 microM shifted the h infinity curve to the hyperpolarizing direction by 8.6 +/- 2.4 mV. Moricizine also produced the phasic block of INa, which was enhanced with the increase in the duration of train pulses, and was more prominent with a holding potential (HP) of -100 mV than with an HP of -140 mV. The onset block of INa induced by moricizine during depolarization to -20 mV was continuously increased with increasing the pulse duration, and was enhanced at the less negative HP. The slower component of recovery of the moricizine-induced INa block was relatively slow, with a time constant of 4.2 +/- 2.0 s at -100 mV and 3.0 +/- 1.2 s at -140 mV. Since moricizine induced the tonic block of ventricular INa with Kd,app of 3.1 +/- 0.8 microM at HP = -100 mV and 30.2 +/- 6.8 microM at HP = -140 mV, and cloned hH1 with Kd,app of 3.0 +/- 0.5 microM at HP = -100 mV and 22.0 +/- 3.2 microM at HP = -140 mV, respectively, either ventricular INa or cloned hH1 had significantly higher sensitivity to moricizine than atrial INa. The h infinity curve of ventricular INa was shifted by 10.5 +/- 3.5 mV by 3 microM moricizine and that of hH1 was shifted by 5.0 +/- 2.3 mV by 30 microM moricizine. From the modulated receptor theory, we have estimated the dissociation constants for the resting and inactivated state to be 99.3 and 1.2 microM in atrial myocytes, 30 and 0.17 microM in ventricular myocytes, and 22 and 0.2 microM in cloned hH1, respectively. We conclude that moricizine has a higher affinity for the inactivated Na+ channel than for the resting state channel in atrial myocytes, and moricizine showed the significant atrioventricular difference of moricizine block on INa. Moricizine would exert an antiarrhythmic action on atrial myocytes, as well as on ventricular myocytes, by blocking Na+ channels with a high affinity to the inactivated state and a slow dissociation kinetics.     

4-氨基吡啶对豚鼠心室肌钙和钠电流的影响

目的研究4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)对心肌细胞L型钙通道和钠通道的影响。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术考察4-AP对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流和钠电流的作用。结果4-AP0.1,0.5,1.0mmol·L^-1浓度依赖性地抑制L型钙电流(I_Ca,L)和钠电流(I_Na),抑制率分别为(11.6±1.7)%,(37.5±8.3)%和(54.5±6.9)%以及(22.1±14.3)%,(39.4±8.8)%和(62.3±6.8)%。0.5mmol·L^-14-AP使I_Ca,L和I_NaI-V曲线均上移。结论4-AP可浓度依赖性地阻滞豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙通道和钠通道。     

Blockade of Na+ current by promethazine in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.

1. To elucidate the antiarrhythmic mechanism of promethazine, its effects on the fast Na+ current (INa) were examined in single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes by whole-cell voltage clamp methods. 2. Promethazine blocked INa with a KD of 42.6 microM and Hill's coefficient of 1.1 at a holding potential of -140 mV. 3. The INa blockade was enhanced at a less negative holding potential of -80 mV with a change of KD to 4.4 microM. Although 10 microM promethazine did not change the inactivation time constants of INa, it shifted the steady-state inactivation curve (h infinity curve) toward more negative potentials by 19.5 mV with the slope factor unaffected. 4. Double pulse experiments revealed that the development of blockade followed two-exponential functions having time constants of 7 and 220 ms at -20 mV. 5. Promethazine slowed the repriming of INa. This was associated with the development of slow phase having a time constant of 1160 +/- 59 ms. 6. Promethazine produced a profound use-dependent block when the cell was repeatedly stimulated with interpulse intervals shorter than 1 s. However, short pulses of 2 ms duration hardly produced such a use-dependent block. Hence, open channel blockade is considered to play a minor role in the promethazine action on INa. 7. These results suggest that promethazine blocks cardiac INa in a manner similar to class I antiarrhythmic drugs and that this effect may account for its antiarrhythmic action.