PHILIPS DR探测器校正方法

DR是数字化X线摄影（digital radiography）,它通过平板探测器（flat panel detector,FPD）接受穿过人体的X线信号,再将这些信号转化成数字信号,送给图像处理[1]。数字平板探测器是一种精密和贵重的设备,对成像质量起着决定性的作用。因此,平时做好常规的维护和保养,对提高它的使用效能和延长使用寿命具有重要作用[2]。     

CR以及两种DR平板探测器X线摄影系统的使用比较

目的:探讨CR以及两种平板探测器X线摄影系统的应用价值.方法:取本院CR照片和两种平板探测器X线摄影照片各500份,由我科五位主治医师及一位副主任医师对照片进行分析,并根据三种设备摄影技术的操作方便程度、成像速度、摄影条件大小、照片质量清晰度、对比度和噪声、设备质量和设备购置成本、性价比等进行打分,并另请两位摄影技师对设备性能进行评分.结果:CR照片甲级片率71%,非晶硒平板探测器DR摄影设备甲级片率82%,非晶硅平板探测器DR摄影设备甲级片率85%.CR综合得分89分,非晶硒平板探测器DR摄影设备综合得分92分,非晶硅平板探测器DR摄影设备综合得分94分.结论:DR设备照片质量、工作效率、成像速度明显优于CR.但CR技术灵活,能配合床边机、普通X线机、普通口腔全景X线机、普通钼靶X线机使用.非晶硒平板探测器DR摄影设备U型臂使用灵活、方便,对室内温度要求较高,容易故障.非晶硅平板探测器DR单纯悬吊臂摄影设备转换立卧位使用欠灵活,照片质量、照片层次感最好.     

PLANMED Nuance乳腺DR探测器校正方法

本文简要介绍了PLANMED Nuance乳腺DR平板探测器的原理及维护保养,旨在提高数字化X线摄影技术的水平。     

基于平板探测器校准的DR质量控制管理

为了提高数字X线成像（DR）的图像质量,以基于平板探测器校正的DR质量控制管理为研究内容,介绍了DR平板探测器的原理、分类以及由探测器影响图像质量的因素,提出了减小和消除这些因素的校准方法。论证结果表明平板探测器校正在DR质量控制管理中是非常重要的。     

DR维修实例

数字化X线摄影（Digital Radiography，DR）是由数字影像采集板（探测板（Flat Pannel Dector）就其内部结构可分为CCD、非晶硅、非晶硒）、专用滤线器BUCKY数字图像获取控制X线摄影系统数字图像工作站构成。其工作原理为：在非晶硅影像板中。X线转变为荧光再转变为可见光．再经TFT薄膜晶体电路按矩阵像素转换成电子信号．传输至计算机．通过监视器将图像显示出来，也可传输进入PACS网络。DR技术从X线探测器成像原理可分为非直接转换和直接转换2类．第一代非直接转换采用增感屏加光学镜头耦合的CCD（电荷耦合器）来获取数字化X线图像：第二代是采用直接转换技术．即平板探测器。现介绍我院在DR使用过程中出现故障的排除方法介绍如下，供参考。     

试述CR、DR的工作原理和比较应用

本文通过讲述计算机X线摄影（CR）和数字X线摄影（DR）两大数字化摄影技术工作原理和就其他们的特点进行比较。说明医院如何合理的选配CR、DR。     

直接数字化X线摄影（DR）在粉尘作业人员职业健康体检中的应用探讨

胸部高仟伏X线摄影是粉尘作业人员职业健康体检的必检项目.当前应用比较多的胸部高仟伏X线摄影方式主要有传统高仟伏X线摄影和直接数字化X线摄影（DR）.本文通过对这两种胸部X线摄影方式进行对比分析并总结DR在粉尘作业人员职业健康体检中的应用优势,然后对DR在粉尘作业人员职业健康体检中的应用进行探讨.     

DR未来的发展方向

数字X线摄影(DR)技术正逐渐取代传统的X线摄影,成为X线检查的主流。数字化探测器是决定数字X线摄影信息捕获方式以及影响图像质量的关键环节。本文从X线探测材料的开发和优化,及平板阵列本身的改进,两个领域探讨了DR的未来发展方向。     

不断发展的平板探测器全数字血管造影系统

上个世纪末,平板探测器(Flat Panel Detector,FPD)的成功研制,诞生了一种新的放射影像成像技术——数字X线摄影(Digital Radiography,DR),目前DR技术日趋成熟,形成了有多种技术类型的产品,越来越多地应用于临床。专家预测,DR技术将逐渐取代其他X线摄影技术,成为普通X线检查的主     

DR数字探测器原理、性能及常规维护方法

本文简要叙述了常用DR数字探测器的原理、性能以及常规维护的方法,旨在提高数字化X线摄影技术的水平。     

改装数字化X线机DR摄影及应用

目的：DR数字化分辨率高，它是采用平板探测器为传统X线带来了前所未有的高分辨率影像。方法：采用CANONDR系统，操作台简单，屏幕上各个投照部位显示清楚，对屏幕上显示图像可重新修改和删除，对不理想图像可做频率调整．如对屏幕上显示多幅图像可进行重新预览，窗宽、窗住重新调整和重新发送，屏幕上显示投照部位任意翻转和剪切，只要是大型进口X线机就可以改装，大大节约了经费。结果：DR照片质量大大优于胶片质量，由原来用胶片甲片率的78％提高到用DR数字化甲片率的99．5％，避免乙片率和废片率。结论：DR动态范围宽，摄影的宽容度大，无失败摄影，用DR诊断信息丰富。     

Retinal photography for diabetic retinopathy screening in Indigenous primary health care: the Inala experience

Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of clinic based retinal photography on access to appropriate screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design, setting and participants: We opportunistically recruited patients undergoing their annual diabetic cycle of care over a two year period in the urban Indigenous primary health care clinic. Data were collected on retinal outcomes, health variables and referral patterns. Main outcome measures: Access to appropriate screening and ophthalmic follow up, prevalence of DR, acceptability and feasibility of clinic‐based retinal photography were the main outcome measures of this study. Results: One hundred and thirty‐two of a possible 147 patients consented to participate. 30% of participants had DR. Appropriate screening and ophthalmic follow up increased six fold, from 20 to 124 participants, following the introduction of the retinal camera. Most participants felt very positive about DR screening. Conclusions: Primary care DR screening using retinal photography can improve access to DR screening for indigenous patients, reduce the burden on busy outpatient departments and should reduce visual loss. Policy‐makers could contribute to screening sustainability by funding a medicare item‐number for primary care based DR screening associated with the annual diabetic cycle of care. An upfront Practice Incentive Program (PIP) payment could offset set up costs.     

Familial tendency to foetal loss analysed with Bayesian graphical models by Gibbs sampling

This paper presents several models for investigating whether the HLA allogenotypes DR1/Br, DR3 and DR10 are genetic markers for a predisposition of experiencing unexplained recurrent foetal losses. A total of 199 women from 113 families answered questionnaires concerning their pregnancies and 145 of these women were HLA typed. The analysis of the data is complicated as dependencies between pregnancy outcomes are expected. The main purpose of the paper is to illustrate how such analyses can be performed using Bayesian graphical models and Gibbs sampling. The analyses are made using the programs BUGS and CODA. Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses within a Bayesian framework have become easier with the introduction of these programs. However, experience shows that some caution is required so we recommend making some initial analyses using very simple models and perhaps approximative methods, followed by a model development introducing increasing complexity.     

HLA and insulin gene associations with IDDM

The HLA DR genotype frequencies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and the frequencies of DR alleles transmitted from affected parent to affected child both indicate that the DR3-associated predisposition is more "recessive" and the DR4-associated predisposition more "dominant" in inheritance after allowing for the DR3/DR4 synergistic effect. B locus distributions on patient haplotypes indicate that only subsets of both DR3 and DR4 are predisposing. Heterogeneity is detected for both the DR3 and DR4 predisposing haplotypes based on DR genotypic class. With appropriate use of the family structure of the data a control population of "unaffected" alleles can be defined. Application of this method confirms the predisposing effect associated with the class 1 allele of the polymorphic region 5' to the insulin gene.     

DR系统的质量控制与保证

目的：探讨直接数字化DR摄影系统的应用与管理,对2007年以来使用DR系统摄影的影像质量及可靠性进行评测。方法：把普通摄片机改装成DR系统,同时购置新的DR摄影系统,使全科设备都实现数字化。结果：共拍摄3．2万人次的优质数字化影像。结论：数字化摄影系统成像质量好、辐射剂量少、工作效率高,提高了临床诊断的水平。     

人类白细胞抗原等位基因与HBV宫内感染关系

目的研究人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-DR3、DR7、DR13、DR53等位基因与乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis Bvirus，HBV）宫内感染的关系，探讨FIBV宫内感染的遗传易感性，确定HBV富内感染的易感基因和保护基因。方法采用聚合酶链反应／序列特异性引物（PCR—SSP）技术检测HBsAg阳性孕妇及其新生儿各187例外周静脉血血块中HLA—DR3、DR7、DR13、DR53等位基因型分布及频率。结果（1）宫内感染组孕妇HLA—DR3基因频率为24．14％（7／29），显著高于非宫内感染组孕妇的6．33％（10／158）（P=0．007）。其余各表型比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）宫内感染组新生儿HLA—DR3基因频率为17．24％（5／29）。显著高于非宫内感染组新生儿的5．06％（8／158）（P=0．033）。其余各表型比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）母婴HLA—DR3同阳性在宫内感染组与宫内未感染组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．049）；母婴HLA-DR7、DR13、DR53同阳性在宫内感染组与宫内未感染组间比较。差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论HBsAg阳性孕妇及其胎儿同时或任一携带HLA—DR3，易导致HBV宫内感染；HLA—DR3是HBV宫内感染的易感基因。     

The importance of HLA-matching before kidney transplantation: a recommendation of the Health Council of the Netherlands

In a recent report, the Health Council of the Netherlands concluded, on the basis of the literature, that HLA-matching is still relevant for graft survival in renal transplant patients. Since the HLA DR antigen system is less heterogeneous than the class I HLA antigen system, it would seem wise to match primarily for these antigens, since this may lead to a reduced exchange of organs between countries and shorten the cold ischaemia period. This may in turn improve the results of transplantation. In the Netherlands, the number of living donor kidney transplants has recently shown a remarkable increase, due partly to the introduction of the paired, living donor, kidney exchange protocol. The introduction of a living donor list exchange programme may further increase this number. Finally, citizens need to be motivated to list themselves as possible organ donors.     

CR与DR摄影对比探讨

目的:探讨CR与DR设备性能。方法:对两种成像方法所得的胸片进行对比。结果:DR成像系统的病变检出率比CR高20%。结论:DR的信息宽容度高于CR。     

广西大中型医院DR机房辐射环境监测与评价

目的 了解广西区内大中型医院DR机房的防护现状,评价DR运行过程中对周围环境、职业人员、公众成员产生的辐射影响,为DR项目的辐射安全管理提供依据,为相关防护标准的制定提供数据支持。方法 按国家有关标准与监测规范,对DR设备机房及周围环境规范合理布点,利用X-γ剂量率仪对广西区内54家大中型医院在用的169台DR设备机房开展辐射环境监测,根据监测数据进行评价。结果 169台DR设备机房屏蔽体外0.3 m处的周围剂量当量率H*（10）均小于2.5 μSv/h。结论 广西大中型医院DR机房的屏蔽能力能够满足辐射防护要求,辐射工作人员与公众成员接受的年有效剂量符合相关标准的要求。     

顺铂对TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5的影响

目的:研究化疗药物顺铂应用于宫颈癌HeLa细胞对TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5的影响,探讨顺铂与TRAIL协同作用机制。方法:培养HeLa细胞加入顺铂10uM/L1ml培养24h,采用RT-PCR方法检测顺铂对HeLa细胞TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5的影响。结果:顺铂组TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5的表达较对照组增强。结论:顺铂与TRAIL的协同作用是通过提高TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5的表达而实现的。