围绝经期妇女骨密度与肌肉及脂肪含量的关系

目的 分析围绝经期妇女骨密度(BMD)与身体不同部位总肌肉含量(TLM)和总脂肪含量(TFM)的关系.方法 选择围绝经期健康女性141名,采用双能X线吸收仪检测腰椎1～4(L1-4)及左侧髋部各部位包括股骨颈、大转子和全髋部的BMD、TLM和TFM,分析BMD与身体成分的相关性.结果 逐步多元回归分析显示,L1-4、股骨颈、大转子和全髋部BMD与TLM均显著正相关(β值为0.261、0.284、0.388和0.335,P<0.01),但与TFM均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 围绝经期妇女腰椎及髋部各部位BMD与TLM呈显著正相关;加强运动,增加身体TLM,对预防骨质疏松具有重要作用.     

围绝经期妇女骨密度与肌肉及脂肪含量的关系

目的 分析围绝经期妇女骨密度（BMD）与身体不同部位总肌肉含量（TLM）和总脂肪含量（TFM）的关系。 方法 选择围绝经期健康女性141名,采用双能X线吸收仪检测腰椎1～4（L1-4）及左侧髋部各部位包括股骨颈、大转子和全髋部的BMD、TLM和TFM,分析BMD与身体成分的相关性。 结果 逐步多元回归分析显示,L1-4、股骨颈、大转子和全髋部BMD与TLM均显著正相关(β值为0.261、0.284、0.388和0.335,P<0.01),但与TFM均无相关性（P>0.05）。 结论 围绝经期妇女腰椎及髋部各部位BMD与TLM呈显著正相关;加强运动,增加身体TLM,对预防骨质疏松具有重要作用。     

绝经妇女骨丢失率及骨吸收指标的变化

目的：了解南京市区妇女骨丢失率及骨吸收指标与绝经时间的关系，为早期防治骨质疏松提供依据。方法：随机测定576例妇女骨吸收指标尿吡啶酚（Pyr)浓度，其中233例同时测量腰椎2－4、左髋部胫骨密度，按中青年、围绝经期，绝经早期，绝经晚期分4组。结果：（1）腰椎2－4、股骨颈骨密度年下降率：围绝经期与绝经前相似为0．6％、0．5％；绝经早期为2．3％、0．9％，绝经期晚期为1．0％、1．6％。（2）围绝经期、绝经早期及绝经晚期与中青年尿Pyr/Cr（肌酐）比较均升高，差异有显著性（P＜0．01），后3组间比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。各组骨质疏松伴发率分别为0、2．2％、22．8％、67．6％。（3）围绝经期及其后妇女中，骨量正常，骨量减少及骨质疏松3组间尿Pyr/Cr比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：（1）围绝经期及其后妇有吸收指标处于稳定的高水平。（2）围绝经期丢失率与绝经前相当；绝经早期妇女以松质骨为主的腰椎骨量丢失最快，以后下降处于稳定状态；随年龄增长，股骨颈骨量年丢失率逐渐增加。（3）骨密度与骨吸收指标之间无相关关系。     

长沙市围绝经期妇女膳食钙主要食物来源分析

目的:了解长沙市围绝经期妇女膳食钙的摄入状况和膳食来源.方法:采用连续3 d 24 h膳食询问法对长沙市来源于社区的157名自愿者进行调查.计算每人每日各种食物的摄入,并对各类食物提供钙的比例和各种食物对膳食钙的贡献进行计算,对调查人群膳食钙的主要来源进行分析.结果:排除钙制剂的摄入后,长沙市围绝经期妇女平均每天膳食摄入钙为(506.61±33.94)mg,仅6.25%的妇女钙摄入达到推荐摄入量(recommended nutrient intake,RNI)的标准.蔬菜是主要的膳食钙来源,提供45.5%的膳食钙、21.8%的奶类,其余来源为谷类、肉类和水果类.按贡献率排序,33种食物提供了调查人群90%以上的膳食钙,其中蔬菜15种,豆类3种,奶类4种,主食5种,蛋类3种,油脂1种,水果1种.结论:长沙市围绝经期妇女膳食钙的摄入不足,主要食物来源为蔬菜,应倡导在该人群消费奶类、豆类及其制品,并进行适量的钙剂补充,以改善该人群膳食钙的摄入状况.     

长沙市郊区女性骨质疏松纵向观察

目的 纵向观察长沙市马王堆乡骨质疏松防治社区女性不同骨骼部位年骨丢失率及其与绝经时间的关系。方法 用DXAQDR4500A型扇形束骨密度仪测量220例年龄36—60岁妇女的腰椎,髋部和桡骨远端的骨密度（BMD）,3．9—4．1年后复测骨密度,求得年骨丢失速率。结果 髋部股骨颈和桡骨远端开始明显骨丢失是在绝经前组;腰椎前后位L1-L4（AP）和髋部大转子在围绝经组已发生明显骨丢失;骨丢失在绝经早期组最快,AP、股骨颈、大转子及桡骨远端年骨丢失率分别为1．70％、2．21％、1．92％和1．56％;骨丢失在绝经晚期趋缓。年龄与绝经后妇女AP、大转子和桡骨远端的年骨丢失率呈正相关（γ=0．223—0．547,P〈0．05～0．01）。绝经年限与绝经后妇女AP、大转子的年骨丢失率呈正相关（γ=0．432～0．569,P〈0．05-0．01）。体重、体重指数与绝经后妇女AP、股骨颈、大转子的年骨丢失率呈负相关（γ=0．239—0．466,P〈0．05-0．01）。结论 不同骨骼部位的年骨丢失速率存在差异。年龄、绝经年限与体重影响不同骨骼部位的骨丢失。     

济宁市 278 例围绝经期妇女骨密度结果分析

目的：探讨围绝经期妇女的年龄、月经情况、体重、身高及体重指数（BMI）与骨密度（BMD）的关系,筛选围绝经期骨质疏松症的高危人群。方法：随机选取278例围绝经期妇女,应用双能X线骨密度仪测定全身不同部位的骨密度,对检测结果进行分析,并将BMD测定结果与年龄、月经情况、体重、身高及BMI进行相关分析。结果：278例围绝经期妇女腰椎低骨量发生率为27.0%（75/278）。年龄〉50岁者的腰椎低骨量发生率高于年龄≤50岁者;体重≤60 kg者的腰椎低骨量发生率高于体重〉60 kg者;身高≤155 cm者的腰椎低骨量发生率高于身高〉155 cm者;BMI≤20 kg/m^2者的腰椎低骨量发生率高于BMI〉20 kg/m^2者;绝经者腰椎低骨量发生率明显高于未绝经者,各组间比较均差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：围绝经期妇女骨密度的降低主要发生于腰椎骨,年龄≥50岁、绝经、体重≤60 kg、身高≤155 cm、BMI≤20 kg/m^2是围绝经期妇女发生低骨量的高危因素。     

围绝经期女性骨密度的变化分析

目的了解女性围绝经期骨密度的变化,减轻中年女性骨质疏松的程度。方法通过测量45-55岁女性脊柱L。正位、股骨颈的骨密度（BMD值、T值、Z值）,找出骨密度变化的规律,提出延缓骨密度下降的措施。结果围绝经期女性骨密度随年龄增长呈逐渐下降的趋势,45-55岁年龄段T、Z值处于低骨量,48-50岁年龄段与51～53岁年龄段分别出现逐渐下降趋势,且51-53岁下降趋势更加急剧。结论女性在围绝经期监测骨密度是必要的,可以适当采取抑制钙丢失、促进钙吸收的措施。     

248例正常妇女骨密度的调查研究

目的小规模调查正常妇女骨密度的情况及变化规律.方法应用双能X线吸收测量仪对本地区248例20～86岁正常妇女进行L2～L4腰椎部(正位)和左侧髋部骨密度测量. 结果正常妇女的骨峰值,腰椎部出现于30～34岁,髋部出现于20～24岁,45岁后腰椎部和髋部均显著下降.绝经后妇女骨密度下降明显,与绝经前比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).绝经初期骨丢失明显,以后随着年龄增长有所缓慢.结论骨峰量的高低存在个体差异,绝经是引起骨丢失的重要原因.     

济南地区1900例门诊女性骨密度结果分析

目的:观察济南地区门诊女性骨密度变化规律,为骨质疏松症(OP)诊断、防治提供参考依据。方法:采用美国LU-NAR公司生产的DPX-NT型双能X射线骨密度仪。选择20～69岁的门诊女性1900例,按每10岁为一年龄组,将其分为5组,测定腰椎(L2～4)和髋部骨密度,分别比较骨密度和T-Score值。结果:腰椎和髋部的骨密度最高值均见于30岁组,40岁以后骨密度随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降,50岁以后骨密度明显降低。腰椎骨量减少和OP检出率明显高于髋部,说明腰椎骨质质丢失较髋部早,而60岁以后髋部骨量减少检出率明显高于腰椎,说明60岁以后髋部骨矿物质丢失加速。结论:骨量减少和OP的防治重点在于预防,尤其是50岁以后的绝经妇女。对于60岁以后的妇女,防治重点应放在髋部。因此在临床上应同时测量腰椎和髋部骨密度做出诊断。     

不同剂量维生素D加钙防治围绝经期妇女骨质疏松症的安全性研究

目的:观察不同剂量维生素D加钙防治围绝经期妇女骨质疏松症的疗效和安全性。方法:选取2015年1月-2016年3月经骨密度(BMD)测量诊断为骨量减少或骨质疏松的围绝经期妇女91例为观察对象,随机分为3组,低剂量组30例给予维生素D 250国际单位+元素钙1200 mg,中剂量组31例给予维生素D 450国际单位+元素钙1281 mg,高剂量组30例给予和维生素D 850国际单位+元素钙1443 mg,均每天口服,连续6个月。观察患者干预前后临床疼痛症状改善情况,并测定用药前后骨密度,骨代谢生化指标。结果:治疗6个月后,高剂量组的总有效率高于低剂量组,中、高剂量组的BMD值分别较治疗前增加,骨碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)较治疗前明显下降,而25-羟基维生素D较治疗前明显上升,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中、高剂量组的维生素D加钙对于防治围绝经期妇女骨质疏松症临床疗效好,安全性高,能够改善骨痛症状,增加骨密度和体内维生素D水平,对临床用药具有指导意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.