北京市海淀区老年人焦虑抑郁状况及其影响因素

目的:探讨北京市海淀区65岁以上老年人焦虑抑郁现况及其影响因素。方法:分层随机抽取北京市海淀区29个社区的2464名老年人采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及一般情况调查表进行调查。结果:1老年人情绪问题的检出率为18.5%;2不同年龄的老年人焦虑情绪(χ2=16.157,P0.01)抑郁情绪(χ2=16.157,P0.01)发生率差异显著;3不同年龄阶段老年人焦虑情绪(F=9.132,P0.001)抑郁情绪(F=13.679,P0.001)得分差异显著,不同养老形势老年人抑郁情绪(F=11.90,P0.001)得分差异显著;4脑卒中、冠心病是老年人焦虑情绪(OR=1.9,OR=1.6)和抑郁情绪(OR=1.8,OR=1.4)的危险因素。结论:北京社区的老年人焦虑抑郁情绪问题比较突出,受年龄、养老形势、慢病等多种因素影响,应重视心理健康指导。     

心理干预对冠脉综合征患者不良情绪的影响

目的探讨心理干预对冠脉综合征患者焦虑抑郁不良情绪的影响。方法将56例冠脉综合征患者随机分为2组,观察组27例,对照组29例,2组均给予心血管内科常规治疗。观察组在此基础上联合心理干预,观察6周,于心理干预前及干预2周、6周末采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定两组患者的焦虑抑郁状况。结果心理干预前2组患者焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分均无显著性差异(t=0.704和0.523,P>0.05),干预2周后观察组评分均显著低于对照组(t=2.077和2.081,P<0.05),干预6周末后观察组评分也均显著低于对照组(t=2.244和2.209,P<0.05)。结论心理干预能显著改善冠脉综合症患者治疗过程中的焦虑抑郁不良情绪,有利于提高患者的生活质量。     

深圳特区内医务人员情绪健康状况调查

目的了解深圳特区内医务人员焦虑抑郁情绪状况及其影响因素。方法对深圳特区内公立医院的临床医生、护士、医技人员采用工作生活自编问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行调查,比较分析SAS、SDS标准分,采用Logistic回归分析法分析焦虑抑郁情绪的有关影响因素。结果共计抽取1423名医务人员,SAS、SDS标准分均高于国内正常人群常模（P＜0.01）,护士组SAS、SDS得分高于医生和医技人员组（P＜0.01）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,是否经常遭遇患者方暴力（言语或行为）、躯体健康自评因素对大部分医务人员的焦虑和抑郁情绪的发生有贡献,不同性别职业分组内有各自不同的影响因素。结论深圳特区内医务人员较国内普通人群的焦虑抑郁情绪严重,其中护士的焦虑抑郁情绪负荷重于临床医生和医技人员,临床医生、护士、医技人员的焦虑抑郁情绪的成因各自不同,躯体健康状况和遭遇患者方的暴力性言语和行为是造成深圳特区内医务人员焦虑抑郁情绪的重要因素,深圳特区内医务人员尤其是护士群体的心理健康状况值得重视。     

气功在延缓某些心理功能衰老中的作用

对122名练气功二年以上老年人及90名从未练过气功的老年人用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、睡眠情况调查表等进行了调查:同时也进行了动作稳定性、同步听觉系列加法测验、符号划消测验等测查。结果表明气功对改善老年人的抑郁、焦虑症状,睡眠质量,以及动作稳定性等有一定作用。     

米氮平治疗伴情绪障碍甲亢患者的临床观察

目的探讨米氮平对甲亢患者情绪障碍的疗效。方法将符合CCMD-3抑郁症诊断标准的50例甲亢患者随机分成两组。研究组在抗甲亢药物基础上联合米氮平30mg·d^-1，对照组仅用抗甲亢药物治疗，疗程8W。采用抑郁自评量表（SDS），焦虑自评量表（SAS）及甲状腺素TT3、TT4评定疗效。结果经8W治疗后，研究组比对照组抑郁、焦虑评分及TT3、TT4下降显著（P〈0．05）。结论米氮平不仅能改善甲亢患者的抑郁、焦虑情绪，而且能促使原发病的康复。     

慢性肝炎患者情绪状况调查

为了解慢性肝炎患者的情绪障碍,采用抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表,对84例住院患者进行调查。结果显示,有64．3％患者存有轻至中度抑郁情绪,有60％患者存在肯定的焦虑情绪,表明慢性肝炎患者存有明显的情绪障碍。精神卫生工作者应提供心理治疗和心理咨询,必要时使用合理的抗焦虑、抗抑郁剂。     

综合性心理干预对新兵心理健康水平的影响

目的:了解部队新兵的心理健康水平,通过综合性心理干预提高他们的心理健康水平和战斗力。方法:选用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)等了解其心理健康状况,并运用多种形式组合的综合性心理干预。结果:采取综合性心理干预后新兵焦虑情绪的发生率由干预前35.34%下降为21.64%(χ2=16.81,P<0.01);抑郁情绪的发生率由干预前26.85%降为15.62%(χ2=14.89,P<0.01);SCL-90各因子分分析提示各种心理问题的发生率均有不同程度的下降,以焦虑、人际敏感、抑郁、强迫、敌对、躯体化明显;SCL-90焦虑、躯体化、抑郁、人际敏感、强迫等因子分明显低于干预前(P<0.05)。结论:通过综合性心理干预对提高和维护新兵的心理健康水平、保障部队的战斗力有积极意义。     

大、中学生焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平测值比较及相关性研究

目的研究大、中学生焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平的差异及三者的关系。方法采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS），Rosenberg编制的自尊量表对1316名大、中学生进行测查，利用统计软件，比较两组学生测值的差异，分析3个量表测值之间的关系。结果①大、中学生的焦虑、抑郁、自尊水平测值存在着极显著差异；②高自尊组与低自尊组学生的焦虑、抑郁测值存在着极显著差异；焦虑组与对照组学生的自尊、抑郁测值存在着极显著差异；抑郁组与对照组学生的焦虑、自尊测值存在着极显著差异；③焦虑与抑郁呈极显著正相关，自尊与焦虑、抑郁呈极显著负相关。结论①大学生自尊水平显著高于中学生；中学生的焦虑、抑郁水平显著高于大学生。②学生的自尊水平越高，焦虑、抑郁水平越低；焦虑水平越高．抑郁症状越明显，⑨焦虑、抑郁、自尊测值有显著的相关性．情绪的调节可提高自尊水平，自尊水平的提高．有利用于良好情绪的培乔。     

城乡老年人认知能力与负性情绪的相关性

目的:探讨城市和农村老年人认知能力、负性情绪的差异以及认知能力与负性情绪的关系。方法:采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、孤独量表(UCLA)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对宁波市内多个街道、农村的113名老年人进行随机抽样调查。运用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行t检验和相关分析。结果:①城乡老年人在焦虑水平上有显著差异,城市老年人的焦虑情绪显著高于农村老年人(t=2.37,P0.05),城乡老人在孤独感、抑郁情绪上不存在显著差异;②在认知能力上,城市老年人水平显著高于农村老年人(t=2.14,P0.05);③老年人的认知能力和孤独情绪,焦虑情绪存在显著负相关(r=-0.208,-0.198;P0.05)。认知能力与抑郁情绪不存在显著相关。结论:①城市老年人的焦虑程度高于农村老年人;②城市老年人的认知水平优于农村老年人;③老年人的认知能力与焦虑、孤独心理问题有显著联系。老年人的认知能力老化会有更多焦虑、孤独感。     

小组治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者心理状况和糖代谢的影响

目的 探讨小组治疗方法 对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者心理状况及糖代谢的影响.方法 将67名Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组(n=34)和对照组(n=33).对照组采用降糖药物治疗,实验组在药物治疗的基础上进行小组治疗.采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别于干预前和干预后第12周末评定两组患者情绪变化,同时进行空服血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2HPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血脂(TC、TG、HDL-C)的实验室检查.结果 实验组干预后焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分明显低于对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).实验组干预后HbAlc、TG低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 小组治疗对改善糖尿病患者的心理状况和糖代谢指标有积极作用.     

长期秧歌舞练习对城市老年人心境的影响

目的探讨长期练习秧歌舞对城市老年人心境的影响.方法采用BFS心境量表进行测试,以大连市甘井子区凌水社区的61名老年人为研究对象,分为秧歌舞练习组和不锻炼组,秧歌舞练习1年以上,测试结果采用t检验进行比较分析.结果除平静性因子和激动性因子外,其余各因子两组均呈显著性差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,其中活跃性、愉悦性及思虑性良性因子,秧歌舞练习组得分显著高于不锻炼组（P〈0.01）;愤怒性、抑郁性及无活力性负性因子,秧歌舞练习组得分显著低于不锻炼组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,结论长期坚持秧歌舞练习能有效地改善城市老年人的心境状态,有利于提高心理健康水平,对老年人提高晚年生活质量具有重要意义.     

广场集体舞蹈对老年心理健康的影响研究

目的 研究广场集体舞蹈对老年人心理健康的影响.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对坚持参加广场集体舞蹈锻炼的老年人进行调查研究.结果 坚持广场集体舞蹈锻炼老年人的症状自评量表总均分和阳性项目数均显著低于对照组(t=-2.70,P＜0.01);除强迫症状、敌对、恐怖等项目外.各因子均分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);...     

A randomized trial of the effect of a walking regimen on the functional status of 100 adult allogeneic donor hematopoietic cell transplant patients.

To investigate the impact of exercise on adult allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, we randomized 100 patients to either a structured walking regimen or to a control group with no formal exercise program. Starting on the day of admission for transplant, patients in the exercise arm were asked to walk on a treadmill twice a day for 15 minutes while in the hospital. After discharge, they were asked to walk once a day for 30 minutes. The effect of the exercise program was primarily measured by the change in the Karnofsky score (KPS) from transplant admission to day 100 posttransplant, which was scored by the attending physician who was blinded to the assigned exercise regimen. The decline in KPS was smaller in the exercise group than in the control group: 10 points versus 20 points. This difference was not statistically significant in the total study population (P=.21) but was statistically significant among the subset of older and less fit patients receiving nonmyeloablative pretransplant conditioning (P=.04). Sixty-four percent of patients on the exercise arm who had a baseline KPS<90 had a score>or=90 by day 100 compared to 18% of the control arm (P=.03). Thirty-two percent of patients with a baseline score>or=90 had a score>or=90 by day 100 in both groups (P=.99). Analyses of patients' self reported scores at the time of discharge for physical and emotional well-being showed that the exercise arm had better scores for physical well-being (P<.01). Among the subset of nonmyeloablative patients, scores for physical and emotional well-being were both higher in the exercise arm (P=.02). Length of hospitalization and survival were not different between the 2 study arms. We conclude that assignment of a structured walking regimen to patients can lead to better physical performance during the recovery period and by patient assessment, a better perceived physical and emotional state. In addition, exercise has a greater impact among patients who are less fit coming into transplant. Structured exercise may have a positive impact on physical and emotional recovery following transplant therapy and may accelerate patients' return to health and function.     

The effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and neural emotional reactivity in depressed and healthy young adults: A late positive potential study

Depression has been characterized by lowered mood and unfavorable changes in neural emotional reactivity (altered brain responses to emotional stimuli). Physical exercise is a well-established strategy to improve the mood of healthy and depressed individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that exercise might also improve emotional reactivity in healthy adults by increasing or decreasing brain responses to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. It is unknown, however, if exercise could also benefit emotional reactivity in depressed individuals. We investigated the effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and emotional reactivity in 24 depressed and 24 matched healthy young adults. Self-reported mood and neural reactivity to emotional pictures (indexed by the EEG late positive potential, LPP) were assessed before and after two experimental protocols: exercise (36 min of moderate-intensity exercise at 75% of maximal heart rate) and seated rest condition (36 min). In the healthy control group, exercise improved self-reported mood and neural emotional reactivity (increasing LPP to positive pictures). In the depressed group, exercise improved self-reported mood; however, it did not affect neural emotional reactivity. Additional analyses performed on both groups revealed that exercise-induced changes in emotional reactivity are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms: the effectiveness of exercise in improving emotional reactivity decreases with the severity of depressive symptoms. Overall, the study further strengthens the claim of a beneficial role of exercise on mood and emotional reactivity. It also suggests that a single aerobic exercise session might have a limited influence on neural emotional reactivity in depressed individuals.     

Self-care in medical education: effectiveness of health-habits interventions for first-year medical students.

PURPOSE: To examine changes in health habits (sleep, alcohol, and exercise) and the effects of an educational intervention promoting self-care on the emotional and academic adjustment of first-year medical students. METHOD: Fifty-four medical students completed questionnaires that assessed various health habits, alcohol use, depression severity, and areas of life satisfaction at the beginning of the semester, at mid-term, and at finals. Approximately half of the students received written feedback or participated in an educational discussion group at mid-term. RESULTS: The students demonstrated significant changes in health habits, with increases in alcohol consumption and decreases in exercise and socialization. The changes in health habits were predictive of both emotional and academic adjustment, with students who decreased in positive health habits, particularly socialization, being more depressed at finals. The feedback and educational interventions influenced some sleep and exercise behaviors, but the groups did not differ in overall emotional or academic adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: First-year medical students show significant changes in health habits as they adjust to medical school. An educational intervention demonstrated promising effects in changing these patterns, but self-care needs to be further elaborated to address the specific challenges associated with acute adjustment as well as with long-term stressors.     

高中生心理健康影响因素的通径分析

目的：探讨高中生心理健康的影响因素及其相互作用方式。方法：对518名高中生的心理健康状况及相关因素进行调查，采用单因素分析和通径分析的方法研究心理健康影响因素的作用方式和途径。结果：生活事件间接影响高中生的心理健康；情绪稳定性和个性内外向是直接影响学生心理健康的个性素质因素；消极应对方式和不成熟防御方式是生活事件、个性对心理健康影响的中间环节。结论：改变认知和纠正学生不良的应付方式与防御方式可能是提高心理健康水平的根本途径。     

Orienting the elderly to new modes of health care delivery.

There is increasing interest in meeting the health care needs of senior citizens enrolling in an HMO system of prepaid health care. The orientation program "Senior Share in Your Care" (SSIYC) was developed to help seniors make the transition from the private physician's office to the HMO setting. This program allows for an integrated approach to care of the elderly. The senior citizen experiences personal attention to his health care needs within the first week of membership. This paper describes recommendations for serving the health care needs of the elderly as well as the program benefits.     

Cognitive brain potentials in children,young adults,and senior citizens: Homologous components and changes in scalp distribution

Event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from three groups with mean ages of 7 (n = 22), 25 (n = 25), and 70 (n = 12) years while they performed a pictorial modification of Posner's (1978) letter‐matching task. In separate blocks of trials, participants had to decide whether two sequentially presented pictures were physically identical (PID), shared the same name (NID), or came from the same semantic category (CID). Conditions were always given in the same order: PID, NID, CID. Participants indicated their choice (“same” or “different”) via delayed responses following the presentation of the second pictorial slide. Participants in all three age groups produced ERP waveforms of complex morphology. The data suggested that four components (frontal positive slow wave, E‐wave preceding S2, “P300” to SI and S2, and N400 to SI and S2) might be homologous in all three age groups. However, “P300” showed marked changes in scalp distribution as a function of increasing age, shifting from a sharply focused Pz maximal distribution in children to a more equipotential distribution in senior citizens. Behavioral performance did not differentiate senior citizens and young adults, but young children performed less accurately than either older group. It appears that under conditions tapping primary memory, older adults are well able to perform in these hierarchically organized matching tasks. However, to maintain this level of performance, the senior citizens may have had to prepare more effortfully for S2 onset, as indicated by larger amplitude E waves. Moreover, for E‐wave preceding S2, and N400 elicited by S2, only the senior‐citizen data was ordered CID > NID > PID, suggesting differences in the way this group approached the tasks. Although there were few behavioral differences between groups, the presence of differences in ERP component latency and morphology suggest that similar behavioral performance may have been achieved via different processing modes as a function of chronological age.     

Expression and reception of treatment information in breast cancer support groups: How health self-efficacy moderates effects on emotional well-being

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of exchanging treatment information within computer-mediated breast cancer support groups on emotional well-being, and to explore whether this relationship is moderated by health self-efficacy.MethodsSample: 177 breast cancer patients using an electronic Health (eHealth) program with discussion group. Measure: expression and reception of treatment information; emotional well-being scale (0, 4 months). Analyses: hierarchical regression.ResultsEffects of expression and reception of treatment information on emotional well-being were significantly greater for those who have higher health self-efficacy.ConclusionsResults conditionally support prior research finding positive effects of treatment information exchanges among breast cancer patients. Such exchanges had a positive impact on emotional well-being for those with higher health self-efficacy, but they had a negative influence for those with lower health self-efficacy.Practice implicationsGiven that the association between emotional well-being and exchanging treatment information was moderated by health self-efficacy, clinicians should explain the role of health self-efficacy before encouraging patients to use eHealth systems for treatment exchanges.     

医学生时间管理倾向与心理健康的关系

目的:探究医学生时间管理倾向和心理健康的关系。方法:采用问卷调查法,向395名医学生发放时间管理倾向量表和症状自评量表调查收集数据。结果:1高低时间管理倾向组在心理健康上的躯体化(t=2.332,P0.05)因子上得分存在显著差异;2医学生时间管理倾向与心理健康存在显著负相关关系;3时间监控感对心理健康的预测力最强(β=0.260,F=5.641,P=0.018)。结论:回归分析表明,时间管理倾向是心理健康的重要预测变量。