淋巴细胞主动免疫治疗原因不明性不孕IVF患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨淋巴细胞主动免疫治疗对不明原因不孕患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响。方法:随机选取2011年5月至2015年9月在本院生殖中心进行IVF助孕、封闭抗体(BA)阴性的462例不明原因性不孕患者作为研究对象,按照患者是否行免疫治疗分为治疗组(187例)和对照组(275例),应用流式细胞仪检测两组患者外周血BA(抗CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+)的封闭效率情况,观察淋巴细胞主动免疫治疗IVF-ET患者的妊娠结局。结果:免疫治疗组患者血清抗CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+的表达率明显高于对照组(P0.05);免疫治疗组患者的胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率均明显高于对照组(P0.05);而两者的流产率、获卵数、受精率、优胚数及移植胚胎数比较,其差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:淋巴细胞主动免疫治疗有助于改善BA阴性的不明原因不孕患者IVF-ET的妊娠结局,是治疗原因不明性不孕的一种有效方法。     

In vitro antifungal susceptibility of dermatophyte strains causing tinea pedis and onychomycosis in patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: a case‐control study

Background The efficacy of antifungal treatment may be reduced and/or delayed in diabetic patients. To date, no study has investigated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes in this patient group. Objective We aimed to determine the dermatophyte species causing tinea pedis and onychomycosis, and in vitro susceptibility of these dermatophytes to terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole in patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. We compared the findings in diabetic patients with those in non‐diabetic individuals. Materials and methods One hundred patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and 100 otherwise healthy controls clinically suspected with tinea pedis and/or onychomycosis were included. Skin scrapings and/or nail clippings were taken and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar, mycobiotic agar, and dermatophyte test medium. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests were carried out according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M‐38P protocol with some modifications. Results Fifty‐seven samples of 54 diabetics and 50 samples of 50 controls grew dermatophytes. In both groups, Trichophyton rubrum was the most common isolate. Mean MIC values of terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole for all of the isolated dermatophyte strains were similar in two groups (P > 0.05). The difference in mean MIC values of three antifungals for T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes between two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Dermatophyte types causing tinea pedis and onychomycosis, their frequency patterns, and in vitro activity of three antifungals against dermatophytes in diabetics are similar to the non‐diabetics. Terbinafine is the most active agent in vitro in both groups.     

The influence of pre-irradiation on the predictability of in vivo UVA protection with a new in vitro method

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: UVA protection of sunscreen formulations is becoming increasingly important especially because of recent investigations on the long-term skin damage associated with UVA light. The development of a new in vitro method to measure UVA protection performance made it possible to predict reliably the in vivo UVA protection performance of representative sunscreen formulations found presently in the European and US market (1). This study was performed in order to determine the applicability of the method developed by Wendel et al. (1) to photostable and photolabile filter combinations and in order to measure the influence of sample pre-irradiation on predicting the in vivo performance. This was done by subjecting six photostable and six photolabile filter combinations to a standard irradiation. Then the in vitro UVA protection afforded by each combination was measured and compared with the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) values determined in vivo. RESULTS: The results clearly showed that pre-irradiation does not affect the in vitro PPD factor of the photostable and photolabile samples in the same way. Almost identical values were determined for the stable filter combinations with and without pre-irradiation, whereas distinct reductions in the in vitro factors by as much as 93% were observed after irradiation in the group of less stable filter combinations. Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro PPD factors showed that all 12 samples comprise a homogeneous distribution with identical factors before irradiation. After pre-irradiation only the factors for the six less stable products were selectively reduced. The correlation with the data determined on the skin was clearly poorer for these products after irradiation. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results showed that pre-irradiation should not to be used for the assessment of UVA protection using this method. Furthermore, it can be assumed that normalizing the in vitro absorbance curves to the labelled SPF of the sunscreen will adequately take into account the photochemical behaviour of UV filters on the skin during sun exposure.