PAROTOID TUMOURS: A STUDY OF 65 CASES

Sixty five patients who had undergone surgery for parotid tumours over a period of nine years were studied retrospectively. There were 45 males and 20 females. There were 49 benign and 16 malignant tumours. Age ranged 35-69 years; mean 47 years. Pain (6%) and facial palsy (3%) were unusual features. Size of tumour at presentation varied from 1.5 to 12 cm. Superficial parotidectomy was the commonest operation performed and Total/Radical/Extended parotidectomy was done in selected cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was used in six cases. No recurrences were noted following surgery for benign tumours. However a local recurrence rate of 37% was found for malignancies (6/16 cases). This paper aims to review the experience of managing these tumours in the setting of service hospitals.KEY WORDS: Carcinoma parotid, Parotid tumour, Pleomorphic adenoma     

保留腮腺咬肌筋膜预防Frey''s综合症的试验

目的：研究对比采用保留腮腺咬肌筋膜的翻瓣和切除腮腺咬肌筋膜的翻瓣方法对预防Frey’s综合症的效果。方法：对甲组23例腮腺肿瘤患者在行腮腺切除手术时采用保留腮腺咬肌筋膜；乙组32例腮腺肿瘤患者则采用切除腮腺咬肌筋膜，经过半年至两年半的随访，比较两组患者Frey’综合症的发生率。结果：甲组患者中4例出现进食时出汗现象，发生率为57％。结论：在腮腺切除手术中，保留腮腺咬肌筋膜，可防止了副交感迷走神经未梢的再生，有效地预防了腮腺书后Frey’s综合症的发生。     

腮腺肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的:通过回顾性分析肿瘤形状、边界、T1WI和T2WI信号强度、均匀性、增强效果等形态学征象,总结腮腺肿瘤的MRI表现,探讨腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.方法:收集经手术证实的24例腮腺肿瘤的MRI资料,与病理改变进行对照分析.MR平扫采用T1WI、T2WI扫描,部分同时行平扫和增强扫描.结果:腮腺肿瘤大多位于腮腺浅叶(14/24),良性肿瘤以多形性腺瘤居多(13/19),MRI表现为境界清楚、信号均匀的肿块.恶性肿瘤以粘液表皮样癌较多(4/5),MRI多显示为境界不清、信号不均匀的肿块.转移癌以鼻咽部来源多见(1/5).结论:腮腺肿瘤在MRI表现上有其各自特点,对绝大多数病例进行定性诊断是可能的.     

头颈部恶性肿瘤累及颈动脉的治疗(附3例报告)

报告３例头颈部恶性肿瘤颈部转移累及颈动脉,术中保留预动脉,术后４～６ｄ颈动脉破裂大出血。分析原因为伤口感染和颈动脉已被肿瘤浸润所致,提示受肿瘤侵犯的颈动脉不宜保留。     

Parotid swellings: report of 110 consecutive cases

Parotid swellings are uncommon. Over a twelve-year period, 110 cases of parotid swellings were treated at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, of which 97 cases were histologically proven to be parotid tumours. 75% of these tumours were benign tumours, and 80% of the benign tumours were pleomorphic adenomas. Among the malignant tumours, 6 cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma and 5 were carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. There were equal number of male to female patients, with an age range of 14 to 83 years. There is a positive correlation between the final histological diagnosis and FNAC results in 74% of cases. Surgical treatment of choice for benign parotid tumours was near-total parotidectomy whilst for malignant tumours was total radical parotidectomy with sural nerve graft.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear canal is an uncommon condition that is associated with a poor outcome. The development of an accepted staging system has not been forthcoming and this has inhibited the formation of an evidence-based therapeutic protocol. We report the findings in 14 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear canal treated in our institutions. The most common presenting symptoms were otorrhoea and otalgia. Four patients had a history of chronic ear discharge and one had previous radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Five patients had facial palsy which was a poor prognostic sign. Only one patient had clinical neck disease. Pre-operative imaging with CT or MRI scans was accurate in determining the extent of tumour involvement. The initial T-staging relied heavily on these findings. With combination treatment involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, disease free survival achieved was 69% (9 of 13) over a mean follow-up period of 24.7 months. One patient absconded treatment. Patients with early stage tumours faired better than patients with advanced tumours (100% vs 33%). There was low incidence of involvement of the parotid gland (1 of 7 patients). Patients with facial nerve involvement had a significantly poorer outcome (p = 0.035).     

胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨腮腺良性肿瘤切除术同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复缺损区预防术后面部凹陷畸形及味觉出汗综合征的临床效果。方法42例腮腺良性肿瘤患者行腮腺肿瘤及部分腮腺或全叶切除术,其中18例同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复术,术后6-18个月观察面部凹陷畸形程度及味觉出汗综合征。结果常规手术组患者均有不同程度的面部凹陷畸形,味觉出汗综合征的发生率为54.2%,胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复术组面部凹陷畸形均不明显,味觉出汗综合征的发生率为11.1%,两组间差异有统计学意义。结论胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复术能明显改善腮腺肿瘤术后面部畸形,有效降低味觉出汗综合征发生率。     

Primary chondrosarcoma of the lung with cutaneous and skeletal metastases

Extraosseous chondrosarcomas are rare tumours. Primary chondrosarcoma of the lung is very rare, and is considered to be a slow-growing, well-circumscribed tumour, with rare incidence of extra-thoracic metastasis. We report a 60-year-old man who had chondrosarcoma of the lung with two local recurrences, namely: recurrent cutaneous metastases and a skeletal metastasis. Cutaneous metastases were treated by excision with adequate margins each time and they did not recur at the same site. Metastasis in the C5 vertebrae was treated by corpectomy and bone grafting. The patient is well six years after diagnosis.     

腮腺区肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断及病理联系

目的探讨CT和MRI对腮腺区肿瘤的诊断价值.方法对72例腮腺区肿瘤(良性36例,恶性36例)进行CT和MRI检查,检查结果与术后病理进行对照.结果腮腺肿瘤大多位于腮腺浅叶(44/72),良性肿瘤以混合瘤居多(26/36),CT和MRI表现为境界清楚、密度均匀的肿块,CT和MRI测量结果与术后病理大小一致;恶性肿瘤以粘液表皮样癌较多(14/28),CT和MRI多显示为境界不清、密度不均的肿块,术前测量大小常小于术后病理结果;转移癌以鼻咽部来源多见(6/8).72例腮腺肿瘤中,术前定位准确率为100%,良恶性性质判断准确率为95.8%.结论CT和MRI对腮腺区肿瘤的定位、定最及定性较为准确,具有较大的价值,对面神经的显示MRI优于CT.     

Metastatic ovarian squamous cell carcinoma

Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma is usually associated with germ cell tumours (dermoid cyst) or endometriosis in primary cancer. While tumour metastasis to the ovary is common and often bilateral in over 50 percent of cases, metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma to the ovary is infrequent compared to adenocarcinoma from other extraovarian primaries and the cervix. We report two cases of unilateral metastatic ovarian squamous cell carcinoma from the uterine cervix in two women aged 38 years and 48 years, respectively. They presented with abdominopelvic masses, clinically thought to be tuberculosis and primary ovarian tumour, respectively. Both had laparotomy which revealed multinodular ovarian masses with extensive extra-ovarian involvement of the corpus and uterine cervix by tumour and omental seedlings. Tissue microscopy showed total replacement of ovarian stroma by tumour with necrotic foci and containing infiltrating nests and cords of malignant squamous cells with prominent intercellular bridges. No evidence of teratoma or endometriosis was seen in the histology sections. They were both diagnosed with metastatic ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with advanced stage disease primary in the uterine cervix. Ovarian metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from the uterine cervix may occur with advanced stage cervical carcinoma. Unilateral multinodular ovarian mass with extensive extra-ovarian tumour involvement should raise suspicion of metastasis rather than of primary tumour. Early and prompt diagnosis is desirable in the management of these patients.     

婴幼儿腮腺血管瘤的手术治疗

:【目的】探讨婴幼儿腮腺血管瘤手术治疗的效果。【方法】对 2 3例 (年龄 40d～ 2岁 )婴幼儿腮腺血管瘤施行保留面神经的腮腺及血管瘤切除术 ,随访 3个月至 3年。【结果】全部创口Ⅰ期愈合 ;2 2例随访期间未见肿瘤复发 ,1例术后 3个月复发 ,再次手术后至今未复发 ;所有病例均无感染、涎瘘、永久性面瘫等并发症。【结论】婴幼儿腮腺血管瘤早期手术治疗可获得满意效果     

Surgical treatment of tumours of the skull base.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the special features of surgical removal of tumours of the skull base and to review a series of patients treated for skull base tumours. DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients followed up for between six months and six years. SETTING: A unit specialising in surgery of the skull base at a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: Sixty-six patients with skull base tumours were referred to the unit between February 1984 and December 1989. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-six of the patients underwent complete or partial surgical removal of the tumour. Radiotherapy was used as primary treatment in 10 patients, for tumour recurrence in four patients and as adjuvant postoperative treatment in 10 patients. RESULTS: In the majority of patients the tumours were benign and have been controlled or are considered cured. Of the seven patients with malignant tumours five have died and two are long-term survivors (one has multiple metastases). Three patients with histologically "benign" tumours died of multiple metastases. There have been a total of 10 deaths in the series but only one occurred in the perioperative period. Cranial nerve palsy was the major postoperative complication. CONCLUSION: Modern microsurgical techniques and modern anaesthesia and intensive care skills lead to a cure in many patients with skull base tumours previously considered inoperable.     

保留腮腺功能的腮腺浅叶部分切除术

目的:总结腮腺良性肿瘤保留腮腺功能的浅叶部分切除术的效果.方法:通过对泸州医学院附属医院口腔颌面外科最近2年来50例腮腺浅叶肿瘤患者,采取保留腮腺功能的浅叶部分切除术进行回顾分析,评价腮腺的分泌功能,面神经损伤情况,面部外形改变,唾液积潴,术后复发.结果:经过1年～2年的门诊复诊及随访发现,面部外形无凹陷畸形,无永久性面瘫,无涎瘘形成.保留的残余腺体有涎液分泌,肿瘤无复发.结论:认为保留腮腺功能的浅叶部分切除术是一种可行性术式并具有较好的临床价值.     

改良式腮腺良性肿瘤切除术36例

目的: 介绍一种改良手术切除腮腺良性肿瘤的方法。方法: 采用隐蔽的面部除皱切口,清晰解剖并保留耳大神经后支;根据肿瘤位置,选择性逆行解剖面神经周围支,行保留腮腺主导管的腮腺浅叶部分切除术;胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区缺损,并作为阻断副交感神经与节后交感神经纤维互相吻合的屏障;术后放置负压引流管。结果: 36例均顺利完成手术,出现暂时性面神经功能减弱者5例,随访1~3年无复发;无一例发生Frey综合征及涎漏,术后耳垂感觉完全恢复,残留腮腺功能保留良好,美容效果满意率100%。结论: 改良的腮腺切除术,克服了传统术式的缺憾,降低了术后并发症发生率,值得临床推广。     

腮腺肿瘤术后面神经功能损伤的多因素分析

目的:探讨腮腺肿瘤术后面神经功能损伤的发生率与手术方式、面神经解剖方式、病变性质、肿瘤位置以及手术次数等关系。方法:对本院2001年3月~2007年7月手术治疗的264例腮腺区病损患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:264例患者中有127例(占48%)术后出现面神经功能损伤。行浅叶及肿瘤切除手术比行全叶及肿瘤切除手术损伤面神经的概率低。良性肿瘤术后面神经损伤的机会较恶性肿瘤低,多次手术较首次手术发生损伤面神经的概率低,耳前、下颌骨后侧较耳后及耳下发生损伤面神经的概率高,良性病损术后多为暂时性面神经损伤;恶性病损,由于采用切除受累神经分支术式,术后面神经损伤多为永久性的。结论:面神经受损的危险性与手术切除范围、面神经解剖方式、病理性质、肿瘤位置及手术的次数等是密切相关的。     

腮腺肿瘤的MSCT诊断

目的通过回顾性分析肿瘤形状、边界、密度的均匀性、增强效果等形态学征象,总结腮腺肿瘤的MSCT表现,探讨腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法收集经手术证实的24例腮腺肿瘤的MSCT资料,与病理改变进行对照分析。MSCT同时行平扫和增强扫描。结果腮腺肿瘤大多位于腮腺浅叶（14/24）,良性肿瘤以多形性腺瘤居多（13/19）,MSCT表现为境界清楚、密度均匀的肿块。恶性肿瘤以粘液表皮样癌较多（4/5）,MSCT多显示为境界不清、密度不均匀的肿块。转移癌以鼻咽部来源多见（1/5）。结论腮腺肿瘤在MSCT表现上有其各自特点,对绝大多数病例进行定性诊断是可能的。     

Remission of symptoms during long term treatment of metastatic pancreatic endocrine tumours with long acting somatostatin analogue

Five patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine tumours injected a long acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) 50 micrograms subcutaneously every 12 hours and were followed up for three to six months. Treatment aimed at controlling excess secretion of hormone by the tumours thereby bringing symptomatic relief. Four patients showed a significant reduction in tumour related hormone concentrations but in none did values return to normal. All five patients, however, noted definite symptomatic improvement and in one this was dramatic (disappearance of life threatening diarrhoea and correction of metabolic acidosis and hypokalaemia within 48 hours). Mild worsening of symptoms and increasing fasting tumour related hormone concentrations after three to six months of treatment were reversed by doubling the 12 hourly dose. The treatment was well tolerated and had no deleterious effect on fasting blood glucose concentrations. This somatostatin analogue seems a promising non-invasive treatment for metastatic pancreatic endocrine tumours.     

区域性切除术治疗腮腺多形性腺瘤的临床效果

目的探讨区域性切除术治疗腮腺多形性腺瘤的效果。方法总结我院2002年1月~2009年1月间收治的腮腺多形性腺瘤患者82例的临床资料,按照所采用手术方法的不同分为区域性切除术组(52例)和浅叶切除术组(30例),随访3～10年,观察两组疗效。结果采用区域切除术的患者面瘫、Frey综合征、涎瘘的发生率均显著低于采用腮腺浅叶切除手术的患者(P<0.05),两组复发率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论区域性切除术手术创伤小,术后并发症少,可作为腮腺多形性腺瘤治疗的首选术式。     

功能性腮腺切除术在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨功能性腮腺切除术在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤手术中的临床应用价值。方法首诊腮腺浅叶单发良性肿瘤病例51例,肿瘤直径均≤3.0 cm,采用保留耳大神经、腮腺导管及部分腮腺、重建腮腺咬肌筋膜的功能性腮腺切除术治疗,距肿瘤边缘0.5～1.0 cm处的正常腺体组织内切除肿瘤,随访2个月～2年,观察术后并发症的发生及肿瘤复发情况。结果所有病例术后面部畸形较轻,腮腺功能良好,耳垂无明显麻木,无涎瘘及味觉出汗综合征,无永久性面瘫,其中5例出现暂时性面瘫。随访期间肿瘤无复发。结论功能性腮腺切除术手术创伤小,术后并发症少,在体积较小(≤3.0 cm)的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤手术中具有很高的临床应用价值。     

腮腺良性肿瘤的外科治疗

本文报告我科从1970—1987年用保留面神经的腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤214例,其中30例用腮腺浅叶切除术,184例用腮腺全切除术。176例取得随访结果,无一例发生永久性面瘫和复发。