螺旋扫描三维CT在面中部骨折的临床应用

目的：在颌面中部骨折的诊断和重建面部骨的解剖形态中,为面中部骨折的诊断和治疗提供参考。方法：以螺旋ＣＴ扫描面中部骨折,重建面中部骨折的三维影像。结果：获得了面中部骨及骨折的三维影像。结论：通过应用三维成像技术可获得面中部骨及骨折一种无重叠的高清晰度的三维影像,有助于外科医师对骨折的诊断、手术设计及疗效评估。     

眶-上颌骨-颧骨联合骨折86例临床报道

目的:总结眶-上颌骨-颧骨联合骨折诊治的经验,探讨手术恢复面中部骨折外形及功能的新方法。方法:收治眶-上颌骨-颧骨联合骨折86例,按伤情分初期、延期和晚期手术。通过原伤口、头皮冠状切口、眶周小切口及口内切口联合入路,暴露骨折断端,分离后以下颌骨作为参照,在建立良好咬牙合关系的基础上,恢复和加强眶上颌颧骨复合体三对垂直颅颌支柱及二个水平轴。结果:本组病例术后功能和面容明显改善。6例陈旧性骨折术后出现轻微错位,5例因局部软组织疤痕收缩致张口受限,其余病例均获得良好的外形及功能。结论:眶-上颌骨-颧骨联合骨折在建立良好咬牙合关系的基础上,骨折坚强内固定路线沿支柱结构分布,有助于准确恢复患者的外形和功能。以恢复和加强支柱结构为参照的固定方法,对于复杂型骨折、粉碎性骨折和陈旧性骨折错位愈合的病例尤为理想。     

Temporal screw suspension for complicated midface fractures

A technique that uses a temporal screw for skeletal suspension has been described. This alternative is useful when other methods cannot be used because of avulsion or comminution of routinely used skeletal fixation points.     

Treatment of isolated lateral midface fractures

In the management of recent fractures of the zygomatic bone and arch we prefer transcutaneous repositioning with a sharp hook. If additional fixation is necessary, wire sutures are used. The advantages of osteosynthesis with wire suturing and the treatment of simultaneous fracture of the orbital floor are presented and discussed.     

Treatment of initially infected mandibular fractures with bone plates.

Use of the self-compression plate has proved to be a reliable method for treatment of various mandibular fractures. It has been uncommon, however, to use the plates in preoperatively infected mandibular fractures. Based on acceptable results in general traumatology for cases with open-wound fractures, I inserted bone plates into initially infected mandibular fracture sites. The purpose of this paper is to report the results.     

Open reduction and internal fixation of palatal fractures using three-dimensional plates

The maxilla is arguably the most anatomically intricate structure of the craniofacial skeleton, and the hard palate is an important bone that regulates the width and architecture of the face. The management of palatal fractures has long been a matter of debate, and varies with anatomical pattern and other injuries to the craniofacial skeleton. We have studied 18 palatal fractures during a five-year period that were treated using 3-dimensional rectangular plates placed across the palatal vault together with fixation of other fractures of the facial bones. Healing was satisfactory in all patients by 12 weeks, with no complications. We think that open reduction and internal fixation of palatal fractures with 3-dimensional plates offers adequate stability with minimal complications.     

Frontal bone fractures: new technique of closed reduction

Fractures of the nasofrontal orbital complex account for 5% of all facial fractures. Mean hospitalization is usually longer than for other types of facial lesions, independent of the trauma responsible (road accidents, sport, falls, firearm wounds, and so on). The choice of treatment, usually dictated by the site and extent of the damage, is important because inadequate treatment may lead to immediate or subsequent complications. A conservative surgical technique for use in the treatment of non-comminuted frontal lesions is described, which consists of the closed reduction of the depressed fragments by means of a small percutaneous approach. Before surgery, a computed tomography scan is carried out with 2-mm slices both in the axial and coronal projections, mandatory to evaluate the orbital roof and frontal region. The peripheral limits of the frontal region fracture are marked on the skin, a punctiform incision made in the area of maximum depression, and a calibrated drill inserted. Two small holes are created in the center of the depressed fragment and two pins screwed in, both of a length to allow the surgeon an easy reduction maneuver. A radiographic evaluation is then performed to check the correct alignment of the previously depressed fragment, the two percutaneous pins removed, and two sutures applied, if necessary. This technique avoids the scarring often observed after the open reduction technique and, in selected cases, treatment may be carried out in neuroleptanalgesia reducing operating as well as hospitalization times and healthcare costs.     

Use of resorbable plates and screws in pediatric facial fractures.

PURPOSE: The use of resorbable plates and screws for fixation of pediatric facial fractures is both well tolerated and effective. It enables realignment and stable positioning of rapidly healing fracture segments while obviating any future issues secondary to long-term metal retention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four pediatric facial fractures were treated over a 10-year period at our institution using differing techniques of polymeric bone fixation. Twenty-nine mandible fractures in patients under the age of 10 (age range, 6 months to 8 years) were treated. Displaced fractures of the symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and ramus underwent open reduction and either 1.5-mm or 2.0-mm plate and screw fixation in 14 patients. Subcondylar fractures were treated by a short period of maxillomandibular fixation (3 weeks) achieved with suture ligation between resorbable screws placed at the zygoma and symphysis or a circummandibular suture attached to a zygomatic screw. Fifteen patients (age range, 4 to 11 years) with isolated frontal, supraorbital, intraorbital, or orbitozygomatic fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with 1.5-mm resorbable plates, mesh, and screws. RESULTS: No long-term implant-related complications were seen in any of the treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Resorbable polylactic and polyglycolic acid plates and screws can be an effective fixation method for facial fractures in children in the primary and secondary dentition periods.     

Comparison of circummandibular wiring with resorbable bone plates in pediatric mandibular fractures

Pediatric patients present a unique challenge to maxillofacial surgeons in terms of their treatment planning as well as in their functional and nutritional needs which are different from that of adult patients. Early literature has advocated conservative closed management of pediatric fractures to prevent complications. However recent advances in maxillofacial surgery has enabled us to use biodegradable plates and screws, which overcomes the limitations of metallic plates. We present a comparison of two cases of parasymphysis fracture treated with circum-mandibular wiring and biodegradable plate fixation their outcome in terms of fracture healing and functional stability.     

个体化模板在单侧颧眶颌复合体骨折复位中的临床应用

目的探讨应用个体化模板提供外科设计及术中精确导向定位的临床意义。 方法选择单侧颧眶颌骨折患者25例,通过术前三维CT扫描,对颅颌骨进行重建。采用计算机辅助设计（CAD）及相应快速成形技术（RP）在健侧的颅面中部骨结构CT数据上制作患侧面中部骨表面的多块（3 ~ 4块）个体化模板,利用模板作为术中导向,精确复位颧眶颌复合体（ZOMC）骨折。 结果所有患者中,由健侧面中部骨结构CT数据重建的患侧虚拟面中部骨结构继之形成的表面外形模板,均能很好的应用于骨折复位中,各标志点术后水平非对称率均小于3%,单侧ZOMC骨折均获得对称性的复位。 结论应用CAD和RP联合设计,制作多块个体化模板,通过导向定位精确复位ZOMC骨折,是ZOMC骨折复位重建的新的成功应用。     

面中部骨折复位固定的临床分析

目的：探讨面中部骨折的特点及其手术复位固定的方法。方法：我院收治的面中部骨折患者53例,术前均行螺旋CT三维重建,根据骨折类型确定手术方案,术中辅以牵引钉颌间咬合复位固定,应用微型钛板根据骨折的部位和形态行坚固内固定。结果：51例患者术后创口均一期愈合,面型良好,咬合关系恢复,开口度2指以上,骨折段愈合良好,仅2例伤口感染引流后愈合。结论：结合三维重建技术进行检查,术中颌间咬合固定,对面中部骨折行切开复位内固定是一种安全可行的手术方案。     

Frequency of cervical spine injuries in patients with midface fractures

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the frequency and risk factors for cervical spine injury (CSI) in patients with midface fractures. Patients ≥18 years of age entered in the Massachusetts General Hospital Trauma Registry from 2007 to 2017 were identified. Those with a midface fracture, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine, and complete medical records were included. There were 23,394 patients in the registry; 3950 (16.9%) had craniomaxillofacial fractures and 1822 (7.8%) had a CSI. Craniomaxillofacial fractures included fractures of the midface (n = 2803, 71.0%), mandible (n = 873, 22.1%), and midface plus mandible (n = 274, 6.9%). The overall frequency of CSI in patients with midface fractures was 11.4% (350/3077). Patients with midface fractures had a higher risk for CSI compared to patients without a midface fracture (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.1–2.4, P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, nasal and orbital fractures, chest injuries, age, injury severity score, and motor vehicle crash or fall as the etiology were independent risk factors for CSI. Mortality was two times higher in subjects with CSI. Early and accurate diagnosis of CSI is a critical factor when planning the treatment of patients with these fractures.     

Reconstruction of midface bone defects with vitallium micromesh.

Complex midface defects following trauma and tumor resection present a challenging problem for maxillofacial surgeons. Regardless of the cause of these defects, restoration of accurate contour is essential to achieve both proper function and cosmetically acceptable appearance. Traditionally, bone grafts have been the preferred method of reconstruction. We present the first report of the use of Vitallium micromesh in reconstruction of midface bone and cartilaginous defects in 3 patients. In 1 patient, bone loss resulted from trauma; in the other 2, loss was due to tumor resection. In all 3 patients, Vitallium micromesh was used successfully as a replacement for the bony skeleton without morbidity or complications. Use of this material is contingent on its rigid fixation. We do not recommend use of this technique in the absence of rigid fixation.