食管癌DNA含量和细胞周期分析的临床意义

目的：研究食管癌和癌旁组织DNA含量、细胞周期分布与临床分期及组织病理学分级的关系和意义。方法：应用流式细胞术（FCM）测定40例食管癌、癌旁组织、10例正常食管粘膜细胞的DNA指数（DI）、S期细胞百分率（SPF）、异倍体率。结果：癌灶中心组织DI、SPF、异倍体率明显高于癌旁组织；DI、SPF、异倍体率明显高于无淋巴结转移。结论：DNA含量、异倍体率与癌中心灶密切相关，SPF可作为组织病理学分级、临床分期的一个参数。DI、SPF、异倍体率与患的临床信息结合，将有助于食管癌患的诊断、治疗及预后评价。     

肝癌癌旁组织DNA倍体检测的预后意义

 目的　探讨肝癌患者癌旁组织DNA倍体变化和预后的关系。方法　对42例原发性肝癌患者的癌旁组织的DNA倍体和S期细胞比率(SPF)进行了流式细胞术分析。结果　肝癌患者癌旁组织DNA异倍体检出率为59.5%。肝癌癌旁组织为DNA二倍体者的5年生存率和术后生存期均显著高于癌旁组织为异倍体的患者(分别为82.4%、65.8月±21.7月和32.0%、32.1月±23.6月,P均<0.01)。二倍体癌旁组织患者的生存率曲线明显高于癌旁异倍体病例。结论　癌旁组织出现DNA异倍体预示该肝癌患者的预后不良。     

DNA含量和S期细胞比值与食管癌生物学特性的关系

目的：研究食管癌患者不同组织细胞的DNA含量、S期细胞比值（SPF）及倍体状态与临床病理特性的关系。方法：应用流式细胞仪检测食管癌患者新鲜手术标本食管癌组织、癌旁组织、正常食管粘膜及淋巴结中DNA含量及S期细胞比值。结果：食管癌组织的异倍体发生率明显高于癌旁组织、正常食管粘膜和淋巴结（P＜0．05）。二倍体组织之间的细胞DI差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。异倍体与二倍体细胞同一组织之间、异倍体组癌组织为癌旁组织、癌组织与正常组织、癌旁组织与淋巴结、正常组织与淋巴结之间DI差异显著（P＜0．05）。在二倍体组中癌组织与正常组织、癌组织与淋巴结之间SPE之间差异显著（P＜0．05）。DNA倍体与患者性别、肿瘤部位及大体病理类型等无关（P＞0．05）,而与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结状况有关（P＜0．05）。结论：食管癌DNA倍体及SPF均与肿瘤的增殖活性有关,有助于对食管癌生物学行为的了解和患者预后的判断。     

DNA含量和S期细胞比值与食管癌生物学特性的关系

目的 :研究食管癌患者不同组织细胞的DNA含量、S期细胞比值 (SPF)及倍体状态与临床病理特性的关系。方法 :应用流式细胞仪检测食管癌患者新鲜手术标本食管癌组织、癌旁组织、正常食管粘膜及淋巴结中DNA含量及S期细胞比值。结果 :食管癌组织的异倍体发生率明显高于癌旁组织、正常食管粘膜和淋巴结 (P <0 0 5)。二倍体组织之间的细胞DI差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。异倍体与二倍体细胞同一组织之间、异倍体组癌组织与癌旁组织、癌组织与正常组织、癌旁组织与淋巴结、正常组织与淋巴结之间DI差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。在二倍体组中癌组织与正常组织、癌组织与淋巴结之间SPE之间差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。DNA倍体与患者性别、肿瘤部位及大体病理类型等无关 (P >0 0 5) ,而与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结状况有关 (P <0 0 5)。结论 :食管癌DNA倍体及SPF均与肿瘤的增殖活性有关 ,有助于对食管癌生物学行为的了解和患者预后的判断。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤流式细胞术免疫表型检测及DNA倍体分析

 目的 探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）流式细胞术免疫表型检测及DNA倍体分析与疾病的诊断、分型、恶性程度判断及预后之间的关系。方法 对每例NHL患者进行病理形态学及免疫组化分类,标本均采用淋巴结活检或细针穿刺获取新鲜淋巴结组织,用单克隆抗体标记及碘化丙啶染液一步插入性DNA定量染色法染色后行多参数流式细胞学检测及DNA倍体（DI,SPF）分析。结果 淋巴结常规病理中3例B细胞肿瘤和1例T细胞肿瘤未能明确分型,经流式检测诊断明确。NHL组细胞DI值,DNA异倍体检出率和SPF高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。DNA四倍体、非整倍体和多异倍体细胞SPF、DI值显著高于二倍体细胞（P＜0.05）,在DNA异倍体细胞中,从DNA异倍体细胞ND→T→ AN →M,SPF检出率越来越高。NHL不同病理分组和NHL-Ⅲ、NHL-Ⅳ组与对照组间异倍体检出率、SPF值及DI值,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 免疫表型单克隆抗体在不同类型淋巴瘤有不同的表达,可提高淋巴瘤诊断分型的准确率;DI,SPF水平可反映肿瘤增生情况及病理学恶性程度且与预后有关。     

恶性肿瘤DNA倍体分类与患者预后的关系

目的探讨恶性肿瘤DNA倍体分类在肿瘤患者预后方面的依据.方法用流式细胞术(FCM)对130例恶性肿瘤患者癌组织DNA含量进行检测,并分析了癌组织不同倍体类型与肿瘤患者生存率和生存期的关系.结果恶性肿瘤患者DNA倍体类型不同,患者生存率和生存期明显不同.DNA二倍体肿瘤患者的生存率和生存期显著高于异倍体患者(P<0.05).在DNA异倍体患者中,从ND→T→AN→M,患者生存率逐渐下降,生存期逐渐缩短,而且ND、T与AN、M肿瘤患者的生存率和生存期之间差异均有显著性(P<0.05).结论肿瘤患者癌细胞DNA倍体不同,预后也明显不同.从D、ND→T→AN→M肿瘤,患者预后越来越差.该结果为癌组织DNA倍体分类提供了预后方面的依据.     

卵巢上皮癌DNA含量和细胞增殖水平测定的临床意义

目的探讨DNA含量及细胞增殖水平对判断卵巢上皮癌预后的价值.方法应用流式细胞技术对43例卵巢上皮癌的术后新鲜组织进行DNA含量及细胞增殖水平测定.结果卵巢上皮癌的异倍体率为72.1%.Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期异倍体比较(P<0.01)有非常显著意义,DNA异倍体与低分化肿瘤及术后残余肿瘤的大小有密切关系(P<0.05),而与病理类型及有无腹水无相关性.在2年以上的随访过程中,18例死亡者皆为异倍体,死亡组DI值2.01±0.20高于存活组1.21±0.18,SPF值18.1±3.9高于存活组13.2±3.3.结论DNA倍体、SPF值与卵巢上皮癌的恶性生物学行为有关,可作为卵巢上皮癌的一个重要的预后指标.     

乳腺癌组织中bcl一2蛋白表达及其与DNA倍体的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌中bcl-2蛋白表达及DNA倍性与患者临床病理因素的关系.方法:采用流式细胞光度术(FCM)定量分析63例原发性乳腺癌癌组织、相应癌旁组织和22例乳腺良性肿瘤中bcl-2蛋白表达及DNA倍性.结果:乳腺癌组织中bcl-2蛋白表达水平及DNA指数(DI)、S期比例(SPF)和增殖指数(PI)显著高于相应癌旁组织和乳腺良性肿瘤(P＜0.05),而后两者在上述指标上未见显著性差异(P＞0.05).浸润性非特殊类型癌患者DI、SPF和PI明显高于早期浸润癌患者和浸润性特殊类型癌患者(P＜0.05);有淋巴结转移组患者DI和SPF显著高于无淋巴结转移组患者(P＜0.05).bcl一2蛋白表达与患者年龄、病理组织学类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、临床分期均无关(P＞0.05).癌组织bcl一2蛋白表达水平与SPF和PI呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论:bcl-2蛋白表达与乳腺癌发生、发展有关;DI和SPF与淋巴结转移有关;DNA含量可作为判断乳腺癌预后的重要指标.     

恶性肿瘤DNA倍体异质性与细胞生物学特性的关系

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤组织DNA倍体异质性与癌细胞生物学特性的关系.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测163例恶性肿瘤组织DNA倍体异质性,并分析DNA倍体异质性与肿瘤细胞DNA指数(DI)、细胞凋亡(Apo)百分比、S期细胞百分比(SPF)以及DNA倍体类型等细胞生物学特性参数之间的相关性.结果 各种恶性肿瘤的DNA倍体异质性明显不同,在6种肿瘤中,DNA倍体异质体检出率大小分布顺序与DNA异倍体的分布十分相似.恶性肿瘤组织的DI值与DNA异质体检出率呈显著正相关(r=0.872 4,P＜0.05).异质体的DNA异倍体检出率(100.0%)和SPF[(1.51±0.67)%1均显著高于同质体[22.0%,(0.34±0.51)%](P均＜0.01),而Apo百分比[(2.08±1.25)%]显著低于同质体组织[(11.99±10.25)%](P＜0.01).结论 DNA倍体异质性是恶性肿瘤的重要生物学特性之一,且与癌细胞其他生物学特性关系十分密切,可作为肿瘤的恶性程度和预后判断的重要指标.     

胶质瘤DNA倍性及增殖活性测定的临床意义

目的　检测胶质瘤DNA倍体特性、DI、SPF及PI值 ,探讨它们与胶质瘤级别的关系及临床意义。方法　 46例胶质瘤石蜡标本按级别分为Ⅰ级组 (15例 ) ,Ⅱ级组 (13例 ) ,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组 (18例 ) ,10例正常脑组织作为对照组。用流式细胞技术 (FCM)检测其DNA含量、DI、SPF及PI值。结果　对照组均为二倍体 ;肿瘤组DNA异倍体率为 47 8% ;随着胶质瘤级别的增高 ,其DNA异倍体率、DI值、SPF值、PI值均增高。结论　DNA异倍体是恶性胶质瘤特征性标志 ;DI值 ,SPF值、PI值与胶质瘤的级别呈正相关     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.