共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Keith Smolkowski Brian G. Danaher John R. Seeley Derek B. Kosty Herbert H. Severson 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2010,105(6):1005-1015
Aim To examine various methods to impute missing binary outcome from a web‐based tobacco cessation intervention. Design The ChewFree randomized controlled trial used a two‐arm design to compare tobacco abstinence at both the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up for participants randomized to either an enhanced web‐based intervention condition or a basic information‐only control condition. Setting Internet in the United States and Canada. Participants Secondary analyses focused upon 2523 participants in the ChewFree trial. Measurements Point‐prevalence tobacco abstinence measured at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Findings The results of this study confirmed the findings for the original ChewFree trial and highlighted the use of different missing‐data approaches to achieve intent‐to‐treat analyses when confronted with substantial attrition. The use of different imputation methods yielded results that differed in both the size of the estimated treatment effect and the standard errors. Conclusions The choice of imputation model used to analyze missing binary outcome data can affect substantially the size and statistical significance of the treatment effect. Without additional information about the missing cases, they can overestimate the effect of treatment. Multiple imputation methods are recommended, especially those that permit a sensitivity analysis of their impact. 相似文献
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Faraz Siddiqui;Mona Kanaan;Ray Croucher;Linda Bauld;Fariza Fieroze;Prashant Kumar;Laraib Mazhar;Varsha Pandey;Cath Jackson;Rumana Huque;Romaina Iqbal;Kamran Siddiqi; ; 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2024,119(8):1366-1377
Smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia is high, yet interventions to support its cessation are lacking. We tested the feasibility of delivering interventions for ST cessation in South Asia. 相似文献
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Aim Swedish studies have shown that experience of using snus is associated with an increased probability of being a former smoker. We examined whether this result is also found in Norway. Design Seven cross‐sectional data sets collected during the period 2003–08. Setting Norway. Participants A total of 10 441 ever (current or former) smokers Measurements Quit ratios for smoking were compared for people with different histories of snus use. Motive for snus use was examined among combination users (snus and cigarettes). Smoking status was examined among snus users. Findings Compared to smokers with no experience of using snus, the quit ratio for smoking was significantly higher for daily snus users in six of seven data sets, significantly higher for former snus users in two of five data sets and significantly lower for occasional snus users in six of seven data sets. Of combination users who used snus daily, 55.3% [confidence interval (CI) 44.7–65.9] reported that their motive for using snus was to quit smoking totally. This motive was reported significantly less often by combination users who used snus occasionally (35.7%, CI 27.3–44.2). Former smokers made up the largest proportion of daily snus users in six of seven data sets. In the remaining data set, that included only the age group 16–20 years, people who had never smoked made up the largest segment of snus users. Conclusions Consistent with Swedish studies, Norwegian data shows that experience of using snus is associated with an increased probability of being a former smoker. In Scandinavia, snus may play a role in quitting smoking but other explanations, such as greater motivation to stop in snus users, cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects roughly 10% of the global population and is growing in prevalence annually. COPD is characterized by progressive non‐reversible narrowing of airways mainly due to cigarette smoking. Therapeutic interventions aimed at altering this progressive disease course can largely be grouped into pharmacological or non‐pharmacological therapies. The focus of this paper is on the non‐pharmacological aspects of COPD management, reviewing the current literature to provide an evidence‐based management approach. Non‐pharmacological therapies reviewed in this article include the implementation of comprehensive care models utilizing a coordinated multidisciplinary team, tele‐monitoring and patient‐centred approach to optimize COPD care and improve compliance. Preventing progression of COPD via smoking cessation remains of paramount importance, and newer therapeutic options including electronic cigarettes show promise in small studies as cessation aids. COPD has systemic manifestations that can be ameliorated with the enrollment in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes, which focus on exercise endurance to improve dyspnoea and quality of life. Advanced therapeutics for COPD includes lung volume reduction surgery for a pre‐specified cohort and minimally invasive bronchoscopic valves that in recent reviews show promise. Lastly, patients on maximal COPD therapy with progressive disease can be referred for lung transplantation; however, this often requires a highly selected and motivated patient and care team. Survival rates for lung transplantation are improving; thus, this procedure remains a viable option as more expertise and experience are gained. 相似文献
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Anne Pasquereau Romain Guignard Raphaël Andler Viêt Nguyen‐Thanh 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2017,112(9):1620-1628
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Yingning Wang Hai‐Yen Sung Tingting Yao James Lightwood Wendy Max 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2017,112(5):864-872
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Chris Bullen Colin Howe Ruey‐Bin Lin Michele Grigg Murray Laugesen Hayden McRobbie Marewa Glover Natalie Walker Mark Wallace‐Bell Robyn Whittaker Anthony Rodgers 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2010,105(8):1474-1483
Aims To determine the effectiveness of 2 weeks' pre‐cessation nicotine patches and/or gum on smoking abstinence at 6 months. Design Pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Setting New Zealand. Participants Eleven hundred adult, dependent smokers who called the New Zealand Quitline between March 2006 and May 2007 for support to stop smoking were randomized to 2 weeks of nicotine patches and/or gum prior to their target quit day followed by usual care (8 weeks of patches and/or gum plus support calls from a Quitline adviser), or to usual care alone. Measurements The primary outcome was self‐reported 7‐day point prevalence smoking abstinence 6 months after quit day. Secondary outcomes included continuous abstinence, cotinine‐verified abstinence, daily cigarette consumption, withdrawal symptoms and adverse events. Findings Six months after quit day 125 (22.7%) participants in the pre‐cessation group and 116 (21.0%) in the control group reported 7‐day point prevalence abstinence (relative risk 1.08 95% CI: 0.86, 1.35, P = 0.4, risk difference 1.7%, 95% CI: ?3.2%, 6.6%). However, when pooled in a meta‐analysis with other pre‐cessation trials a moderate benefit of about a one‐quarter increase in cessation rates was evident. There was no difference in adverse events between groups. Conclusions In this, the largest pre‐cessation NRT trial to date, using NRT 2 weeks before the target quit day was safe and well tolerated but offered no benefit over usual care. However, in conjunction with previous pre‐cessation trials there appears to be a moderate benefit, but not as large as that seen in most smaller trials. 相似文献
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Goedele M. C. Louwagie Kolawole S. Okuyemi Olalekan A. Ayo‐Yusuf 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2014,109(11):1942-1952
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Aims To examine the cost‐effectiveness of personal smoking cessation support in Vietnam. Design, setting and participants We followed‐up the population aged 15 years and over in 2006 to model the costs and health gains associated with five interventions: physician brief advice; nicotine replacement therapy (patch and gum); bupropion; and varenicline. Threshold analysis was undertaken to determine the price levels of pharmaceuticals for the interventions to be cost‐effective. A multi‐state life table model was constructed such that the interventions affect the smoking cessation behaviour of the age cohorts, and the resulting smoking prevalence defines their health outcomes. A health‐care perspective was employed. Measurements Cost‐effectiveness is measured in 2006 Vietnamese Dong (VND) per disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) averted. We adopted the World Health Organization thresholds of being ‘cost‐effective’ if less than three times gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (VND 34 600 000) and ‘very cost‐effective’ if less than GDP per capita (VND 11 500 000). Findings The cost‐effectiveness result of physician brief advice was VND 1 742 000 per DALY averted (international dollars 543), which was ‘very cost‐effective’. Varenicline dominated bupropion and nicotine‐replacement therapies, although it did not fall within the range of being ‘cost‐effective’ under different scenarios. The threshold analysis revealed that prices of pharmaceuticals must be substantially lower than the levels from other countries if pharmacological therapies are to be cost‐effective in Vietnam. Conclusions Physician brief advice is a cost‐effective intervention and should be included in the priority list of tobacco control policy in Vietnam. Pharmacological therapies are not cost‐effective, and so they are not recommended in Vietnam at this time unless pharmaceuticals could be produced locally at substantially lower costs in the future. 相似文献
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Dennis Thomas Michael Farrell Hayden McRobbie Piotr Tutka Dennis Petrie Robert West Mohammad Siahpush Coral Gartner Natalie Walker Colin P. Mendelsohn Wayne Hall Christine Paul Nicholas Zwar Stuart G. Ferguson Veronica C. Boland Robyn Richmond Christopher M. Doran Anthony Shakeshaft Richard P. Mattick Ryan J. Courtney 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2019,114(5):923-933
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Omara Dogar Deepa Barua Melanie Boeckmann Helen Elsey Razia Fatima Rhian Gabe Rumana Huque Ada Keding Amina Khan Daniel Kotz Eva Kralikova James N. Newell Iveta Nohavova Steve Parrott Anne Readshaw Lottie Renwick Aziz Sheikh Kamran Siddiqi 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2018,113(9):1716-1726
Background and aims
Tuberculosis (TB) patients who quit smoking have much better disease outcomes than those who continue to smoke. In general populations, behavioural support combined with pharmacotherapy is the most effective strategy in helping people to quit. However, there is no evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy in TB patients who smoke. We will assess the safety, effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of cytisine—a low‐cost plant‐derived nicotine substitute—for smoking cessation in TB patients compared with placebo, over and above brief behavioural support.Design
Two‐arm, parallel, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre (30 sites in Bangladesh and Pakistan), individually randomized trial.Setting
TB treatment centres integrated into public health care systems in Bangladesh and Pakistan.Participants
Newly diagnosed (in the last 4 weeks) adult pulmonary TB patients who are daily smokers (with or without dual smokeless tobacco use) and are interested in quitting (n = 2388).Measurements
The primary outcome measure is biochemically verified continuous abstinence from smoking at 6 months post‐randomization, assessed using Russell Standard criteria. The secondary outcome measures include continuous abstinence at 12 months, lapses and relapses; clinical TB outcomes; nicotine dependency and withdrawal; and adverse events.Comments
This is the first smoking cessation trial of cytisine in low‐ and middle‐income countries evaluating both cessation and TB outcomes. If found effective, cytisine could become the most affordable cessation intervention to help TB patients who smoke. 相似文献16.
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Lei Wu Yao He Bin Jiang Di Zhang Hui Tian Fang Zuo Tai Hing Lam 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2017,112(11):2032-2040
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Xuefeng Liu PhD James Brian Byrd MD MS Carlos J. Rodriguez MD MPH 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2018,20(3):518-527
This study aims to evaluate the 4 non‐pharmacological strategies adopted by patients for hypertension control and patient characteristics that affect the choice of strategies. Four thousand hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Odds ratios of the choice of strategies were analyzed using weighted logistic models. Clinical recommendations of non‐pharmacological strategies for hypertension control were relatively low. More exercise was the least frequent strategy used for hypertension control. More patients reported using ≥3 strategies than using ≤2 strategies (79.1% vs 20.9%, P < .0001). Non‐Hispanic blacks were more likely to use each individual strategy and to use ≥3 strategies simultaneously. Patients with obesity and diabetes were less likely to attempt weight control or more exercise, but more likely to use ≥3 strategies than peers. Educational programs should be developed to enhance physician's advice for lifestyle modifications and to increase patient's acceptance of physical activity. 相似文献
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Matthew Jones Sarah Lewis Steve Parrott Stephen Wormall Tim Coleman 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2016,111(6):981-990