肝癌切除术后复发的补救性肝移植

目的 评估肝癌患者肝癌切除术后肝癌复发行补救性肝移植术的临床治疗效果及预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析本治疗组自2000年4月至2008年6月间实施的88例肝癌切除术后复发行补救性肝移植术病例,分析该组病例手术特征、生存状况、病理因素对预后影响.结果 肝癌切除术后复发行补救性肝移植病例平均年龄为52.4±9.2岁(26....     

肝癌术后复发补救性肝移植的意义

目前,被广泛接受的补救性肝移植(salvage liver transplantation,SLT)的定义是指对肝功能良好的可切除的原发性肝细胞癌(肝癌)(单个肿瘤直径≤5cm或肿瘤数目≤3个、单个肿瘤直径≤3 cm)首先采取肝癌切除治疗,术后肝癌肝内复发(单个肿瘤直径≤5 cm;多个肿瘤数目≤3个、单个肿瘤直径≤     

不同肝癌肝移植标准对于肝癌切除术后复发补救性肝脏移植有效性的评价

目的 评价米兰标准、UCSF标准、Up-to-seven标准作为肝癌切除术后复发补救性肝移植适应症选择标准的有效性.方法 回顾性分析本治疗组自1999年6月至2011年6月间实施的724例肝癌肝脏移植病例数据,其中包括107例肝癌切除术后复发行补救性肝移植术病例,对不同选择标准在各组病例的生存率进行统计分析.结果 对于首选肝脏移植患者米兰标准、UCSF标准、Up-to-seven标准具有良好的一致性,5年生存率分别为76.2％,75.5％,73.4％.对于补救性肝脏移植,米兰标准、UCSF标准具有与首选肝脏移植一致的有效性,受者术后5年生存率分别83.1％,72.6％;而Up-to-seven标准则不具有一致的有效性,符合该标准的补救性肝脏移植受者5年生存率仅为49.9％,不符合Up-to-seven标准补救性肝脏移植受者的5年生存率为49.4％,二者无统计学差异.结论 米兰标准、UCSF标准对于肝癌切除术后复发补救性肝移植适应症的选择具有较好的有效性,Up-to-seven标准有效性则较低;对于补救性肝癌肝移植应进行三维变量的标准选择,包括首次肝切除时肝癌数据、补救性肝脏移植评估时复发肝癌数据以及肝癌切除术后复发的时间间隔.     

原发性肝癌切除术后复发的肝移植治疗

目的总结原发性肝癌切除术后复发行肝移植治疗的经验。方法2002年8月至2004年11月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院对4例肝癌切除术后复发病例（其中1例合并急性肝功能衰竭）行同种异体肝移植治疗。结果3例移植术后已分别无瘤存活17个月、12个月和27个月至今。1例术后第3天死于多器官功能衰竭。结论对原发性肝癌切除术后复发病例的肝移植治疗，小肝癌切除后复发肿瘤仍符合Milan标准者有着良好的预后；个别合并门静脉癌栓者预后较好；合并急性肝功能衰竭者应相当谨慎。     

肝癌复发与未复发患者再次肝移植的预后分析

目的 探讨肝癌复发与未复发患者再次肝移植的效果.方法 初次肝移植时原发疾病为肝癌(病理诊断)、移植后因各种原因需行再次肝移植者65例(肝癌组),分析其进行再次肝移植的原因以及再次肝移植后的并发症发生情况和预后,并于同期因肝脏良性疾病施行肝移植、移植后因各种原因需行再次肝移植者66例(非肝癌组)进行比较.结果 肝癌组初次肝移植后有11例(16.9％,11/65)因肝癌复发而行再次肝移植,非肝癌组无因肝癌而行再次移植者,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);非肝癌组初次肝移植后有11例(16.7％0,11/66)因血管并发症而进行再次肝移植,高于肝癌组(4.6％,3/65),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肝癌组初次肝移植后肝癌复发者11例,其中10例(90.9％,10/11)在再次肝移植后因肝癌复发而死亡;肝癌组初次肝移植后肝癌未复发者54例,其中7例(13.0％,7/54)在再次肝移植后肝癌复发,明显低于复发者(P＜0.01),其移植肝5年累积存活率为51.0％,与非肝癌组(51.8％)差异很小(P＞0.05).结论 原发病为肝癌者初次肝移植后因肿瘤复发而行再次肝移植,其预后不佳;而因非肿瘤复发因素而行再次肝移植时,其再次肝移植的效果与因良性疾病而行肝移植者相近,不应受其原发疾病为肝癌的影响.     

原发性肝癌切除术后复发的肝移植治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌切除术后复发病人的肝移植手术指征和注意事项。方法总结2003年7月至2005年8月59例因肝癌接受肝移植的临床资料，其中肝癌切除术后复发12例（复发组），移植术前未接受手术治疗47例（对照组），分析两组病人移植术前肝功能、治疗情况、术中探查、手术时间、无肝期时间、出血量以及术后恢复情况。结果复发组病人移植手术时间、术中出血量及输血量均明显大于对照组，但两组无肝期时间以及1、2年存活率（75％vs．86％，P〉0．05；70．8％vs．83，3％，P〉0．05）差异无显著性意义。结论肝移植是肝癌切除术后复发病人的有效治疗方法，合理掌握肝移植指征是治疗肝癌切除术后复发的关键。     

影响原发性肝癌肝移植治疗的预后因素分析

目的分析影响肝癌肝移植术后生存率和无瘤生存率的危险因素，探讨国内肝移植治疗肝癌的选择标准。方法对67例接受同种异位原位肝移植治疗的原发性肝癌病人的基本资料和肿瘤相关资料包括术前病情分级、血清AFP水平、术前辅助治疗以及肝癌大小、数目、pTNM分期、肿瘤恶性程度分级等因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果术后1年、2年累积生存率为77％、67％，6个月和12个月无瘤生存率为66％和58％。单因素分析显示对肝癌肝移植术后累积生存率影响有统计学意义的因素为CHILD分级（MELD积分）和肝外大血管侵犯；多因素分析影响肝癌肝移植术后无瘤生存率有统计学义的因素是肿瘤大小、大血管侵犯和肿瘤分化程度。结论影响肝癌肝移植术后生存率的因素仍是术前患者肝功能状态。对存在大血管侵犯的肝癌患者需严格控制肝移植术适应证，而无血管侵犯的患者在选择肝移植治疗时肿瘤大小指标可较米兰标准适当放宽。     

肝癌破裂出血再次肝切除术后复发患者肝移植长期生存一例

<正>患者,男性,36岁。因原发性肝细胞癌(肝癌)破裂出血两次肝癌切除术后16个月,发现肝内占位10d于2005年6月6日入院。患者有乙型病毒性肝炎病史20年,16个月前患者体检B超发     

原发性肝癌肝切除术后复发患者的肝移植治疗

目的观察肝移植治疗原发性肝癌肝切除术后复发患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析11例原发性肝癌肝切除术后复发接受经典原位肝移植治疗的受者的临床资料,观察移植效果。结果在围手术期,1例术后发生移植肝功能不全和凝血功能障碍并发肾功能衰竭死亡;1例术后出现急性胰腺炎,给予生长抑素治疗10d缓解;2例发生急性排斥反应,行大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗3d逆转。10例受者顺利出院。出院后,3例分别于术后第5个月、第7个月、第19个月死于肝癌复发,1、2年受者存活率分别为72．7％（8／11）和63．6％（7／11）,至今最长存活的1例已达4年余。获长期存活的受者肝癌肝切除术前原发病均为小肝癌,肝切除术后复发行肝移植时肝癌均符合Milan标准。结论小肝癌行肝癌肝切除术后应密切随访,如发现肝癌复发且符合Milan标准可考虑行肝移植治疗,患者仍有可能获较长时间生存。     

补救性肝移植的疗效

目的探讨补救陛肝移植的适应证及其临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年10月至2006年3月中山大学附属第三医院35例肝癌肝切除术后行肝移植患者的临床资料。比较补救性肝移植组（19例）和超补救性肝移植组（16例）患者的手术情况、术后并发症及预后等指标。计数和计量资料分别采用X^2和t检验,非正态分布采用秩和检验,Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,生存率的比较采用Log-rank检验。结果补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者的无肝期、冷缺血时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术中输注红细胞量、术中输注新鲜冰冻血浆量、肝移植并发症发生率、再移植率分别为（32±9）rain、（8．0±2．1）h、（7．6±1．5）h、2300ml、8U、23U、6／19、2／19和（34±7）min、（7．4±2．3）h、（7．4±2．0）h、2750ml、12U、20U、4／16、1／16,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0．726,-0．804,-0．366,Z=-0．348,-0．549,-0．149,）（X^2=0．184,0．203,P〉0．05）。补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者围术期死亡率、术后肿瘤复发率分别为0、2／19和4／16、9／16,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（X^2=5．363,8．426,P〈0．05）。补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者1、3、5年累积生存率分别为100％、84％、84％和75％、33％、33％;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为100％、89％、89％和48％、29％、19％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（X^2=11．58,19．31,P〈0．05）。结论补救性肝移植是肝癌治疗过程中的一种有效策略,米兰标准是目前补救性肝移植的最佳适应证。     

Laparoscopic liver resection facilitates salvage liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Background/Purpose  In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a previous liver resection (LR) may compromise subsequent liver transplantation (LT) by creating adhesions and increasing surgical difficulty. Initial laparoscopic LR (LLR) may reduce such technical consequences, but its effect on subsequent LT has not been reported. We report the operative results of LT after laparoscopic or open liver resection (OLR). Methods  Twenty-four LT were performed, 12 following prior LLR and 12 following prior OLR. The LT was performed using preservation of the inferior vein cava. Indication for the LT was recurrent HCC in 19 cases (salvage LT), while five patients were listed for LT and underwent resection as a neoadjuvant procedure (bridge resection). Results  In the LLR group, absence of adhesions was associated with straightforward access to the liver in all cases. In the OLR group, 11 patients required long and hemorrhagic dissection. Median durations of the hepatectomy phase and whole LT were 2.5 and 6.2 h, and 4.5 and 8.3 h in the LLR and OLR groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Median blood loss was 1200 ml and 2300 ml in the LLR and OLR groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Median transfusions of hepatectomy phase and whole LT were 0 and 3 U, and 2 and 6 U, respectively (P < 0.05). There were no postoperative deaths. Conclusions  In our study, LLR facilitated the LT procedure as compared with OLR in terms of reduced operative time, blood loss and transfusion requirements. We conclude that LLR should be preferred over OLR when feasible in potential transplant candidates.     

Primary liver transplantation vs liver resection followed by transplantation for transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma:Liver functional quality and tumor characteristics matter

Liver resection(LR) and primary liver transplantation(LT) are two potentially curative treatment modalities for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).If an underlying chronic liver disease exists,however,making a decision on which method should be selected is difficult.If a patient has no chronic liver disease,LR may be the preferable option with salvage transplantation(ST) in mind in case of recurrence.Presence of a moderate-to-severe liver failure accompanying HCC usually warrants primary LT.The treatment of patients with HCC and early-stage chronic liver disease remains controversial.The advantages of "LR-followed-by-STif-needed" strategy include less complicated index operation,no need for immunosuppression,use of donor livers for other patients in today’s organ shortage setting and comparable survival rates.However,primary LT has its own advantages as it also treats underlying chronic liver disease with carcinogenic potential,removes undetected tumor nodules and potentially eliminates need for a ST.An article recently published by Fuks et al in Hepatology offers an approach by which selecting between LR-followed-by-ST and immediate LT might be easier.Here we discuss the results of the aforementioned report in the light of currently available knowledge.     

挽救性肝移植治疗肝癌切除术后肿瘤复发

目的 分析挽救性肝移植治疗肝癌切除术后肿瘤复发患者的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2008年12月,单中心376例肝癌患者接受了肝移植,其中36例(9.6 %)为行根治性肿瘤切除术后因肿瘤肝内复发而接受挽救性肝移植者(挽救性肝移植组).挽救性肝移植组中男性29例,女性7例;16例接受右半肝切除,10例接受左半肝切除,其余10例接受不规则肝切除或肝段切除.首次肝切除至行挽救性肝移植的时间为(34.9±16.2)个月(1～63个月).以同期符合米兰标准并接受首次肝移植的147例作为对照组,比较两组受者的术中情况及术后生存情况、肿瘤复发情况等.结果 挽救性移植组术中出血量和输血量明显多于对照组(P＜0.05),手术时间也长于对照组(P＜0.05).随访期间,挽救性肝移植组死亡11例,其中围手术期死亡1例;对照组共死亡36例,其中围手术期死亡3例.两组手术后并发症、肿瘤复发率、受者存活率以及无瘤存活率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 挽救性肝移植虽然较首次肝移植手术难度增加,但不影响患者预后,是根治性肝癌切除术后肿瘤复发患者的有效治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience with salvage liver transplantation for patients with recurrent hetaptocellular carcinoma(HCC)after primary liver resection.Methods From 2004 to 2008,376 patients with HCC received liver transplantation in our single center.Among these patients,36 (9.6 %)underwent salvage liver transplantation after primary liver curative resection due to intrahepatic recurrence.There were 29 males and 7 females with the mean age of 46 years old.Sixteen received right lobectomy,10 received left lobectomy and the others received sectionectomy or segmentectomy.As a control group for comparison,we used clinical data of the 147 patients who underwent primary OLT for HCC within Milan Criteria.Results The mean interval between initial liver resection and salvage transplantation was 34.9±16.2 months(1-63 months).Intraoperative bleeding volume,transfusion volume and operative time in the salvage group were significantly different from those in control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference in post-operative complications,tumor recurrence rate,survival rate and tumor-free survival between these two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion In comparison with primary OLT,although salvage liver transplantation would increase the operation difficulties,it still remains a good option for patients with HCC recurrence after curative resection.     

Feasibility of salvage liver transplantation for patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Recurrence is the most frequent cause of treatment failure after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. Salvage liver transplantation is an alternative treatment for recurrent HCC. The transplantability for patients with recurrent HCC has not been well studied. STUDY DESIGN: This study sought to determine how many patients with recurrent HCC are still candidates for liver transplantation, and to ascertain the possible time from HCC recurrence to the loss of transplantability. In an university hospital setting, 154 of the 252 patients receiving primary HCC resection, from January 1992 through December 1996, had recurrence and were analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 6 years. Among the 154 patients, 74 patients (group 1) were not eligible for liver transplantation according to the Milan criteria, while 80 patients were eligible (group 2). Demographic characteristics of both groups were compared and the curve of transplantability was calculated. RESULTS: When compared with group 1 patients, group 2 patients displayed more cirrhosis (p = 0.007), lower pTNM stage (p = 0.004), were older (p = 0.004), presented with smaller tumors (p < 0.001), and displayed a longer disease-free interval (p < 0.001). In group 1, only 47% (35/74) patients were eligible for liver transplantation at the time of index hepatectomy, in contrast to 84% (67/80) in the group 2 patients, p < 0.001. The median time from HCC recurrence to the time they were no longer transplantable was 38 months. The total time from the index HCC resection to the time of loss of transplantability was 83 months. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of patients after resection for their primary HCC, 33% patients had no recurrence and were not in need for liver transplantation in a mean follow-up of 72 months. About 52% of the patients with recurrent HCC still meet the criteria for liver transplantation. For patients with some certain characteristics, resection of the primary HCC may postpone the time of liver transplantation and prolong the time in which a suitable donor searched, while primary liver transplantation may be considered for those patients with factors of low transplantability after recurrence.     

补救性肝移植的疗效

目的 探讨补救性肝移植的适应证及其临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年10月至2006年3月中山大学附属第三医院35例肝癌肝切除术后行肝移植患者的临床资料.比较补救性肝移植组(19例)和超补救性肝移植组(16例)患者的手术情况、术后并发症及预后等指标.计数和计量资料分别采用x2和t检验,非正态分布采用秩和检验,Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,生存率的比较采用Log-rank检验.结果 补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者的无肝期、冷缺血时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术中输注红细胞量、术中输注新鲜冰冻血浆量、肝移植并发症发生率、再移植率分别为(32±9)min、(8.0±2.1)h、(7.6±1.5)h、2300ml、8 U、23 U、6/19、2/19和(34±7)min、(7.4±2.3)h、(7.4±2.0)h、2750ml、12 U、20U、4/16、1/16,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.726,-0.804,-0.366,Z=-0.348,-0.549,-0.149,x2=0.184,0.203,P＞0.05).补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者围术期死亡率、术后肿瘤复发率分别为0、2/19和4/16、9/16,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.363,8.426,P＜0.05).补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者1、3、5年累积生存率分别为100%、84%、84%和75%、33%、33%;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、89%、89%和48%、29%、19%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.58,19.31,P＜0.05).结论 补救性肝移植是肝癌治疗过程中的一种有效策略,米兰标准是目前补救性肝移植的最佳适应证.     

以西罗莫司为主的免疫抑制方案在肝细胞癌肝移植术后的应用

目的:评估西罗莫司为主的免疫抑制方案在肝细胞癌行肝移植术后应用的安全性及对术后肿瘤复发和生存的影响。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年1月在本院肝移植中心因肝细胞癌行肝移植手术的64例病人的临床资料,根据术后是否应用西罗莫司分为西罗莫司组和他克莫司组,比较两组移植术后急性排异、肝动脉栓塞、胆道并发症、切口并发症、代谢疾病、肿瘤复发和病人生存等情况。结果:两组在急性排异、肝动脉栓塞、胆道并发症和切口并发症的发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),西罗莫司组新发糖尿病的发生率显著低于他克莫司组,而高血脂的发生率则高于他克莫司组(P<0.05)。与他克莫司组比,西罗莫司组肿瘤1年复发率明显降低,累积生存率明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:肝细胞癌肝移植术后西罗莫司为主的免疫抑制方案并不增加移植术后急性排异、肝动脉栓塞、胆道并发症和切口并发症的发生率,且可延迟肿瘤的复发,提高病人的生存率。