AO微型钢板螺钉固定治疗掌指骨骨折骨不连或畸形愈合

目的探讨AO微型钢板螺钉治疗掌指骨骨折术后骨不连或畸形愈合的应用价值。方法对11例14个掌指骨骨折克氏针固定术后骨不连或畸形愈合者采用手术治疗,其中指骨骨不连7个,掌骨骨不连5个,掌骨畸形愈合2个。术中骨折端修整,取自体髂骨植骨12个,畸形愈合行截骨矫正2个。11例均应用AO微型钢板螺钉内固定,同期行肌腱或关节囊松解术,术后早期行关节功能锻炼。结果术后随访4～12个月,11例均于术后6～8周达到骨折临床愈合,无畸形愈合。根据TAFS评分,2例为优,9例为良,3例差,优良率为78.5 %。结论AO微型钢板螺钉内固定,自体骨植骨,同期行肌腱和关节囊松解以及术后早期关节功能锻炼,是掌指骨骨不连或畸形愈合的治疗原则。     

AO微型钛板加植骨治疗掌指骨骨不连

目的 评估AO微型钛板内固定加植骨治疗掌指骨骨不连的疗效。方法 对48例外伤性掌指骨骨不连患者行切开复位术．术中清理骨痂及骨不连接端的软组织，打通骨髓腔，复位。若骨不连处短缩或骨质缺损明显（≥0．5cm），需嵌自体骨植骨，纠正短缩。48例均应用AO微型钛板内固定加植骨治疗。结果 术后48例获得2～14个月的随访，平均7．3个月。骨不连接全部愈合，愈合时间最短5周，最长12周，平均为6．1周。结论 AO微型钛板内固定加植骨治疗掌指骨骨不连固定牢固可靠，可早期功能训练，利于骨愈合。     

AO微型钢板治疗早期处理不当的掌指骨骨折

目的评价AO微型钢板治疗早期处理不当的掌指骨骨折的疗效。方法对18例37处掌指骨骨折在畸形矫正,重新解剖复位后行AO微型钢板内固定治疗。结果术后1～4.5月随访,骨折全部愈合。除5例因以前存在的伸肌腱粘连、掌指关节侧副韧带挛缩外,余13例手指关节屈伸正常。结论对处理不当的掌指骨骨折,在重新复位后用AO微型钢板治疗,术后早期活动,可取得满意的疗效。     

掌指骨骨折微型钢板内固定术后骨不连及畸形愈合的原因分析

目的分析微型钢板治疗掌、指骨骨折过程出现骨不连及骨折畸形愈合的原因,并提出预防措施.方法1989年以来采用微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折64例78处,所有病例均随访至骨折愈合,或临床及X线证实骨不连或畸形愈合.结果术后发生骨不连及畸形愈合共5例7处,其中内固定失效3例5处,适应证选择不当2例2处.结论微型钢板内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折效果好,但仍需注意规范操作技术及适应证选择.     

掌指骨骨折微型钢板内固定术后骨不连及畸形愈合的原因分析

目的 分析微型钢板治疗掌、指骨骨折过程出现骨不连及骨折畸形愈合的原因,并提出预防措施。方法 1989年以来采用微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折64例78处,所有病例均随访至骨折愈合,或临床及X线证实骨不连或畸形愈合。结果 术后发生骨不连及畸形愈合共5例7处,其中内固定失效3例5处,适应证选择不当2例2处。结论 微型钢板内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折效果好,但仍需注意规范操作技术及适应证选择,     

AO微型髁接骨板治疗掌指骨髁部骨折

目的 探讨AO微型髁接骨板螺钉内固定治疗掌指骨髁部骨折的原理、技术及疗效。方法 对18例23处掌指骨髁部骨折，采用AO微型髁接骨板螺钉进行内固定治疗，于术后早期行功能锻炼。结果 术后随访3～15个月，平均9．2个月，用TAM评定标准评价疗效，优良率为86．96％。所有病例均无骨不连发生，并重返工作岗位。结论 对于掌指骨髁部骨折，可首选AO微型髁接骨板螺钉内固定，效果更优于普通的微型钢板螺钉固定。     

掌指骨骨折AO微型钢板内固定25例报告

目的：评价AO微型钢板治疗手部骨折的近期疗效。方法：25例手部骨折患者复位后用AO微型钢板行内固定，掌骨骨折18例（28块钢板），指骨骨折6例（6块），掌指骨同时骨折1例，术后平均随访时间4个月（2－12个月），25例都行切开复位钢板内固定。结果：根据TAF评分，22例为优良，优良率为88％，畸形愈合1例，手术感染1例，所有病例均无骨不连发生，结论：AO微型钢板内固定是手部骨折理想的固定方法，只要适应证合理，掌握良好的手术技巧和术后早期功能锻炼，即可取得满意的疗效。     

AO微型钢板治疗掌指骨骨折

目的研究并分析应用AO微型钢板固定治疗掌指骨骨折的技术及疗效。方法26例36处掌指骨骨折采用切开复位、AO微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗,早期进行功能练习。结果术后随访6月～1年后未出现内固定松动、断裂,X线片示骨折均愈合,伤指指间关节及掌指关节伸屈功能恢复接近正常,按TAM评分,优良率84.6%。结论掌指骨骨折用AO微型钢板螺钉内固定,可获得满意疗效。     

AO微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折

目的 探讨AO微型不锈钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效。方法 2001年6月至2002年6月，对46例62指掌指骨骨折，应用AO微型不锈钢板进行内固定治疗，辅以早期功能锻炼及正确的康复指导。结果 术后46例中创口一期愈合43例，钢板外露3例，其中1例发生慢性骨髓炎，行截指术。术后随访6．12个月，45例骨折全部愈合，X线片显示骨折愈合时间为4～10周，平均6周。按TAM功能评定，优良率达到86％。结论 AO微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折固定牢固，有利于手功能的恢复。     

微型钛板与记忆合金环抱器治疗掌指骨骨折的对比研究

目的对比分析微型钛板内固定和记忆合金环抱器内固定治疗掌指骨（近中节指骨）骨折的临床疗效。方法采用微型钛板治疗组（A组）66例104处及记忆合金治疗组（B组）61例92处,对比分析两种手术治疗效果。随访3～12个月,平均6个月,以TAFS评分为评价标准,并记录伤口感染、骨折愈合时间、骨折延迟愈合、骨不连、关节僵硬、肌腱粘连、内置物外露等并发症发生情况。结果127例均达骨性愈合。A组（104处骨折）优良率93．29％,B组（92处骨折）,优良率79．9％。两组TAFS功能评分结果差异有统计学意义（芹=4．14,P〈0．05）,A组明显优于B组。A组延迟愈合3处（2．88％）;B组延迟愈合7处（7．59％）。B组病例延迟愈合率高于A组。A组骨折愈合时间平均31．5d：B组骨折愈合时间平均54．6d。无骨不连发生。两组结果差异有统计学意义（t=2．23,P〈0．05）,A组骨折愈合时间明显短于B组,两组术后感染率无差异。结论微型钛板治疗掌指骨骨折在术后关节功能恢复情况、骨折愈合时间、骨折延迟愈合、关节僵硬、肌腱粘连、内置物外露等并发症发生指标上明显优于记忆合金环抱器治疗组．是目前掌指骨骨折较为理想的治疗方法。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Renal allograft rejection: the temporal relationship and predictive value of plasma TNF (alpha and beta), IFN-gamma and soluble ICAM-1

Recently, close interactions have been described between the tumour necrosis factors alpha and beta (TNF-alpha and beta), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in T-cell mediated immune activation. During the process of renal graft rejection, the properties of these cytokines to act as powerful stimulators of macrophages, to upregulate class II MHC expression and to stabilise cell-to-cell binding make them of great potential interest. The aim of the present study was to determine the plasma levels of each cytokine and soluble ICAM-1 in 16 renal allograft recipients. We examined plasmas of patients for the first 2 weeks after transplantation and correlated results with the clinical pattern of rejection. Our data suggest an immunopathologic involvement of TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and slCAM-1 in renal allograft rejection and showed that there was a significant elevation in plasma concentrations of these parameters 2 or 3 days prior to the diagnosis of clinical rejection. Rises in INF-gamma did not appear to be significant with regard to rejection as very high levels were found in patients showing no evidence of clinical rejection.     

移植肾IgA肾病临床病理及预后分析

目的探讨移植肾IgA肾病(IgAN)复发或新发的诱因及移植肾生存的危险因素。方法选取2012年11月至2018年12月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院经肾活检确诊为移植肾IgAN的患者,按照血肌酐(Scr)增高水平、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降率分为稳定组(Scr升高值<20μmol/L,eGFR下降率<10%)和进展组(Scr增高但未达翻倍值,30%相似文献   

Osteoporosis and obesity: Role of Wnt pathway in human and murine models

Studies concerning the pathophysiological connection between obesity and osteoporosis are currently an intriguing area of research.Although the onset of these two diseases can occur in a different way,recent studies have shown that obesity and osteoporosis share common genetic and environmental factors.Despite being a risk factor for health,obesity has traditionally been considered positive to bone because of beneficial effect of mechanical loading,exerted by high body mass,on bone formation.However,contrasting studies have not achieved a clear consensus,suggesting instead that excessive fat mass derived from obesity condition may not protect against osteoporosis or,even worse,could be rather detrimental to bone.On the other hand,it is hitherto better established that,since adipocytes and osteoblasts are derived from a common mesenchymal stem cell precursor,molecules that lead to osteoblastogenesis inhibit adipogenesis and vice versa.Here we will discuss the role of the key molecules regulating adipocytes and osteoblasts differentiation,which are peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γand Wnts,respectively.In particular,wewill focus on the role of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling,involved in mesenchymal cell fate regulation.Moreover,at present there are no experimental data that relate any influence of the Wnt inhibitor Sclerostin to adipogenesis,although it is well known its role on bone metabolism.In addition,the most common pathological condition in which there is a simultaneous increase of adiposity and decrease of bone mass is menopause.Given that postmenopausal women have high Sclerostin level inversely associated with circulating estradiol level and since the sex hormone replacement therapy has proved to be effective in attenuating bone loss and reversing menopause-related obesity,we hypothesize that Sclerostin contribution in adipogenesis could be an active focus of research in the coming years.     

Evaluation and comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone at induction of anaesthesia in the male rat

We have evaluated and compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamicproperties of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone at inductionof anaesthesia in male rats. A threshold method was used, andthe first burst suppression period of 1 s or more in theEEG was selected as the end-point after fairly slow infusions.An optimal dose of 4.0 mg kg^–1 min^–1was noted for both steroids. Brain concentrations were low atlow infusion rates, indicating that acute tolerance was notoccurring. Significant positive correlations were noted betweendose rate and serum concentrations of allopregnanolone (r =0.94, P<0.001) and pregnanolone (r = 0.88, P<0.001). Suchcorrelations were also seen in striatum, cerebellum, cortexand muscle for both steroids (P<0.01). Despite changing infusionrates, the concentrations of both steroids in brainstem, hippocampusand fat remained stable. Because no correlation between infusionrate and steroid concentration was noted in the brainstem andhippocampus, these two brain areas may be regarded as primarysites of action for allopregnanolone and pregnanolone. Pregnanoloneconcentrations in the brainstem and hippocampus were significantlyhigher than those of allopregnanolone, suggesting that allopregnanolonewas more potent than pregnanolone in inducing anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 403–12     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after spinal morphine for Caesarean section: comparison of cyclizine,dexamethasone and placebo

Background. Low-dose intrathecal (spinal) morphine (0.1–0.2mg) for Caesarean section delivers excellent postoperative analgesiabut is associated with significant nausea and vomiting. We comparedthe antiemetic efficacy of cyclizine, dexamethasone, and placeboin this clinical setting. Methods. Ninety-nine women undergoing elective Caesarean sectionunder spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly, in a double-blindstudy design, to receive either cyclizine 50 mg, dexamethasone8 mg, or placebo as a single-dose infusion in saline 0.9%, 100ml on completion of surgery. Spinal anaesthesia consisted of:hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, 2.0 ml; fentanyl 10 µg; andspinal morphine 0.2 mg. The primary outcome measure was theincidence of nausea. Results. The incidence of nausea was significantly less in patientsreceiving cyclizine compared with dexamethasone and placebo(33 vs 60 and 67%, respectively, P<0.05). Severity of nauseaand number of vomiting episodes were also less at 3–6h in cyclizine patients. Overall satisfaction with postoperativecare at 24 h, expressed on a 100 mm visual analogue scale, wasgreater in cyclizine [78 (28)] than either dexamethasone [58(31), P=0.03] or placebo [51 (28), P=0.008]. Conclusion. We conclude that following spinal morphine 0.2 mgand fentanyl 10 µg analgesia for Caesarean section, cyclizine50 mg i.v. reduces the incidence of nausea compared with dexamethasone8 mg i.v. or placebo. It also lessens the severity of nauseaand vomiting, and increases maternal satisfaction in the earlypostoperative period. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 665–70     

末端可弯输尿管肾镜与电子输尿管软镜治疗肾结石的比较

目的比较末端可弯曲输尿管肾镜（孙氏镜）与电子输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗肾结石的疗效、安全性及优缺点。 方法回顾性分析我院2015年9月至2017年3月应用孙氏镜与电子输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗120例肾结石患者临床资料,其中65例采用电子输尿管软镜（电子镜组）,55例应用孙氏镜（孙氏镜组）,比较两组的临床资料及碎石效果。 结果两组手术时间、并发症、术后平均住院时间以及清石率等比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,总住院时间、治疗费用比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论孙氏镜联合钬激光治疗肾结石,视野清晰度较电子输尿管软镜略有不足,但操作更简便,微创、安全、有效,总住院时间短,费用低,值得应用和推广。     

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Dog and Human Platelets Adherent to Native and Collagen-Coupled Cuprophan

Adhesion of human and dog platelets to native and collagen-coupled Cuprophan under defined flow conditions was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dog platelets, singly adherent to and uniformly distributed on both native and collagen-coupled Cuprophan, extend slender pseudopods across the surface without evidence of degranulation. Human platelets, while not adhering to native Cuprophan, formed irregularly shaped, semi-confluent cytoplasmic sheets on the collagen-coupled surface. Extensive cytoplasmic reorganization and degranulation suggests a post-release state of the human platelets. Aspirin had no apparent effect on either human or dog platelet adhesion or upon the apparent release state of the human platelets.