食管癌术前CT检查的临床价值

目的:探讨食管癌术前CT检查的临床价值.方法:对60例经病理证实的食管癌患者术前CT表现和术后病理结果进行比较,重点分析肿瘤对周围组织、器官的侵犯及淋巴结转移.结果:CT能准确显示食管癌病变对邻近组织、器官的侵犯及淋巴结转移情况.术前判断食管癌有无外侵的准确性为90%-95%;术前判断淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为35.1%、78.7%、65.7%.按Moss分期标准共分4期:Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期47例,Ⅲ期10例,Ⅳ期0例.其中手术切除54例,手术探查6例.结论:食管癌术前行CT检查对判断肿瘤手术可切除性有重要临床价值,可减少不必要的外科手术.     

肾细胞癌的CT表现与PCNA和P53表达的相关性探讨

目的分析肾细胞癌的CT表现与增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和癌基因蛋白(P53)表达的关系.方法对48例经手术病理证实的肾细胞癌,用LDP免疫组化法测定肿瘤标本中的PCNA和P53表达,并分析其与术前CT表现的关系.结果PCNA和P53的表达与肾细胞癌的组织学类型无关(P＞0.05),PCNA的表达与肿瘤侵犯肾包膜、肾周脂肪间隙、肾筋膜,局部淋巴结转移,邻近器官和脉管受累有关;而P53的表达与上述征象无关.结论肾细胞癌的CT表现中,肿瘤有侵犯肾包膜、肾周脂肪间隙、肾筋膜,局部淋巴结转移及邻近器官和脉管受累征象时,提示肿瘤的恶性程度相对较高.     

喉癌的CT分期(附91例CT一病理对照分析)

目的探讨CT对喉癌术前分期的准确性.材料与方法91例经手术切除的喉癌,用CT观察肿瘤的侵犯范围、有无喉软骨受侵及颈部淋巴结转移;按双盲法根据CT征象进行分期并与手术病理结果对照分析.结果CT术前肿瘤(T)分期的准确性为84%,诊断颈部淋巴结转移及喉软骨受侵的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别是80%、94%、91%和70%、96%、93%,判断肿瘤侵犯周围结构的准确性在87%～100%之间.结论CT能很好地显示肿瘤的侵犯范围及有无颈部淋巴结转移,对喉癌的术前分期有较高的准确性,失误的主要原因包括不能显示轻微的甲状软骨破坏、不易诊断正常大小的颈部淋巴结转移.     

多层螺旋CT扫描在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术或常规结肠镜活检病理证实的40例结直肠癌的多层螺旋CT表现,并与病理结果对照。结果:病理证实结直肠癌40例(其中盲肠癌6例,升结肠癌3例,横结肠癌3例,降结肠癌5例,乙状结肠癌1例,直肠癌22例),多层螺旋CT检出了全部结直肠癌,敏感性为100%,总的分期准确率为80%(32/40),B期分期准确率为83.3%(15/18),C期分期准确率为66.7%(8/12),肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的敏感性和特异性分别为95%(36/34)和50%(2/4),淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为60%(12/20)和90%(9/10)。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)可以有效地显示结直肠癌的部位、大小和形态、确定中晚期结直肠癌的侵犯范围、远处转移及淋巴结转移等,从而更准确地诊断并进行术前分期,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

MSCT3期增强扫描诊断肾透明细胞癌术前T分期的准确性与限度

目的 :探讨MSCT 3期增强扫描诊断肾透明细胞癌(clear cell renal cell carcinoma,cc RCC)术前T分期的准确性及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的110例cc RCC患者术前MSCT 3期增强扫描资料,依据2010版TNM分期标准判断术前T分期并评价其诊断效能,分析与T分期相关的肾包膜、肾静脉和(或)下腔静脉、肾周和(或)肾窦脂肪、肾周筋膜受侵情况。结果:1CT术前T分期与病理分期有较好的一致性(K=0.811);2T3a期准确性(86.4%)、特异性(91.1%)和阴性预测值(83.6%)最低,而高估率(8.9%)最高;T4期敏感性(66.7%)和阳性预测值(66.7%)最低,而低估率(33.3%)最高;3共15例评估错误(低估66.7%)均与T3a期认定相关;肾窦脂肪、肾脏脂肪与肾包膜受侵的CT诊断漏诊率分别为57.1%、25.0%和15.8%。结论:MSCT 3期增强扫描对cc RCC的T分期诊断符合率较高,但T3a期的诊断价值相对较低。     

肾细胞癌的CT表现与病理分析

目的 :提高对肾细胞癌的CT诊断和病理认识。材料和方法 :;回顾性分析 3 6例肾细胞癌CT表现对照病理结果。结果 :3 3例为透明细胞癌 ,血供丰富 ,皮质期后期增强较明显 ,3例梭形细胞癌血供不丰富 ,皮质期后期无明显增强。90 %病例有皮髓质分界消失征象。 47%肾癌生长以膨胀为主有假包膜征 ;60 %以浸润生长为主有边缘棘状突及分叶征象。结论 :于皮质期后期认识皮髓质分界消失征对肾实质性占位的诊断有重要价值 ,假包膜 ,棘状突 ,分叶征象对肾细胞癌诊断有一定的特异性。     

多排螺旋CT双体位检查对结直肠癌术前评估的价值再探

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)双体位检查对结直肠癌术前分期的价值.材料和方法:搜集102例经肠镜确诊的直肠癌患者行MSCT仰卧、俯卧位扫描,扫描前清洁肠道,并经肛门注气,扫描范围从膈顶至耻骨联合下缘.102例结直肠癌患者全部经肠镜或手术病理证实,全部病例均有手术、术前MSCT、术后病理等完整资料参与分期研究,将影像诊断结果与手术病理结果进行对照.结果:MSCT总的分期准确率82.4%(84/102),判断T、N、M分期的准确率分别是93.1%(95/102)、83.3%(85/102)、99.0%(101/102),判断淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为93.9%和88.7%.结论:MSCT双体位扫描对直肠癌的术前分期有重要价值,有助于判断肿瘤浆膜外侵犯及区域淋巴结转移情况.     

下咽癌侵犯范围及其术前分期的CT评价

目的 探讨CT扫描对下咽癌侵犯范围及其术前分期的价值。方法 回顾性分析19例下咽癌的CT表现,根据CT征象判断肿瘤的侵犯范围及其术前分期,并将此结果与手术病理结果相对照。结果 CT判断肿瘤侵犯邻近部位或结构的敏感性为95．0％（113／119）,阳性预测值为85．0％（113／133）,假阴性率为5．0％（6／119）。术前CT对原发肿瘤分期的准确性为79．0％（15／19）。结论 CT能准确地反映下咽癌的侵犯范围及其术前分期,这对于下咽癌的临床处理有很大帮助。     

胃癌16层螺旋CT术前分期与术后病理对比研究

目的:通过研究16层螺旋CT对胃癌述前TNM分期的诊断与手术病理比较,探索其在确定胃癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值。材料和方法:研究对象为72例不同年龄、临床症状及辅助检查疑诊胃癌患者,行常规16层CT平扫加增强三期薄层扫描,扫描后数据经过图形工作站进行二维、三维容积重建处理,多方位显示胃癌病变的部位、范围、大小、侵犯胃壁程度及侵犯周围组织器官的范围,周围各组淋巴结大小及范围,按照国际统一的TMN分期法进行TNM的CT术前分期,并与手术后病理TNM分期对照。结果:16层CT检查结果与手术后病理对照,T分期的准确性94.4%,能够显示黏膜和黏膜下层、肌层、浆膜层侵犯程度;N分期:N0准确性100%、N1准确性90.5%、N2准确性100%。CT多期增强可区别血管与淋巴结,可显示5mm直径的淋巴结影,特别是动脉期及门静脉期扫描特异性较高,有显著差异,淋巴结检出水平明显提高,但直径小于10mm淋巴结敏感性减低;M分期准确性达100%,清晰显示肺转移、肝转移、腹膜后及肠系膜淋巴结转移程度及大小。16层CT对胃癌诊断的敏感性95%,特异性80%,准确性92%,阳性预测值98%。结论:16层CT常规平扫加三期增强扫描合并图像后处理分析,可提高胃癌TNM分期的准确性,是胃癌术前准确分期的可靠方法,对合理制定手术前计划有较高价值。     

多层螺旋CT对膀胱癌的术前分期价值

目的评价多层螺旋CT检查对膀胱癌的术前分期价值。方法对经手术病理证实的膀胱癌患者48例,男34例,女14例,均行术前多层螺旋CT检查,将肿瘤CT征象与手术病理分期结果进行对照分析。结果 CT检查对膀胱癌的总准确率为76.79%。对于膀胱壁内癌灶(≤T2b期)分期的准确率为79.49%,对于膀胱癌侵犯壁外结构的癌灶(≥T3期)分期准确率为70.59%。结论螺旋CT检查对膀胱癌具有较高的诊断价值,可作为膀胱癌术前常规和主要的检查项目。     

喉及下咽癌的MRI评价(兼与CT比较)

目的：探讨MRI对喉及下咽癌术前分期及术后评价中的临床应用价值。方法：26例喉及下咽癌患者(原发性肿瘤23例、术后复发3例)进行MRI扫描，分析其MRI表现，将结果与手术病理及CT扫描作比较。结果：MRI能较好地显示肿瘤的部位、大小及其侵犯范围。MRI对术前肿瘤分期及诊断颈部淋巴结转移的准确性为91％。高于CT扫描的87％及83％。结论：MRI扫描喉及下咽癌术前分期及术后评价有较大的帮助。     

螺旋CT在大肠癌分期诊断中的应用

目的 评估低张水灌肠螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描在大肠癌术前分期中的价值。方法 对30例经纤维结肠镜或手术病理证实的大肠癌患者的低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描图像进行分析，对其进行ANM分期并与术后病理TNM分期进行比较。结果 本组病例对大肠癌TNM分期的正确率为80％(24／30)，其中对于T分期诊断正确率为80．77％(21／26)，对于N分期诊断正确率为69．23％(18／26)，对于M分期的诊断正确率为96．67％(29／30)。结论 良好的扫描前准备和扫描方法是螺旋CT对大肠癌正确分期诊断的关键，螺旋CT目前是进行大肠癌术前分期的最佳手段，尤其是对于远处转移的诊断具有明显优势，但是对于T分期和N分期的诊断仍有待于进一步提高。     

Value of x-ray computed tomography in evaluating the spread and therapeutic strategy in cancer of the bladder

Fifty four computed (CT) examinations were performed on patients with bladder carcinoma. A pathological assessment was obtained in 24 cases and the accuracy of CT in local staging was 91%. The accuracy of CT in detecting lymph nodes invasion was also 91%. Moreover, CT is helpful in the follow-up of patients under treatment. As it provides a correct pre-therapeutic evaluation in 83% cases, CT appears as an effective examination to perform in the evaluation of bladder carcinoma.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and staging of renal and perirenal neoplasms

Thirty-one adult patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after CT scans had demonstrated findings consistent with renal cell carcinoma. MR images were interpreted prospectively and independently of the CT findings. Because the CT scanning was performed at multiple institutions by many examiners, this study was not a direct comparison of CT versus MR. The preoperative diagnoses and staging of the neoplasms, as judged by MR, were compared with those obtained at laparotomy (n = 28), autopsy (n = 1), or biopsy (n = 2). Correct preoperative diagnoses were rendered in 31 patients (100%) on the basis of MR findings. The anatomic staging of 27 renal cell carcinomas was correctly performed by MR in 26 patients (86%). When compared with results of previous studies of the value of CT in the diagnosis and staging of renal neoplasms, MR appears to have several advantages in determination of the origin of the mass; the evaluation of vascular patency; the detection of perihilar lymph node metastases; and the evaluation of direct tumor invasion of adjacent organs. MR is sensitive in determining the extent of tumor thrombus and in evaluating invasion of the inferior vena caval wall. MR should assume an important role in the diagnosis and staging of renal neoplasms.     

结肠癌的多层螺旋CT表现与临床病理对照研究

目的：探讨结肠癌的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现,并与病理进行对照。方法：回顾分析56例经手术病理证实的结肠癌患者的MSCT表现,并与术后病理对照,分析MSCT术前分期的准确性。结果：①56例患者CT显示肠壁增厚,45例表现为肿块或结节;②25例分化较好的肿瘤呈轻-中度均匀强化,31例分化差的肿瘤呈不均匀强化或分层状强化;③MSCT显示结肠浆膜或/和周围脂肪间隙受侵的敏感度为95.83%,特异度为87.5%,准确度为94.64%,阳性预测值97.87%,阴性预测值77.78%;④MSCT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度为91.67%,特异度为77.42%,准确度为82.14%,阳性预测值75.86%,阴性预测值88.89%;⑤MSCT术前T分期和N分期与术后病理分期的一致性较好（KT=0.864,P=0.000;KN=0.650,P=0.000）。结论：螺旋CT扫描可有效显示结肠癌的部位、大小和形态,确定肿瘤侵犯范围、有无淋巴结及远处转移等,可以准确进行术前分期,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

High-resolution multidetector CT in the preoperative evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector CT (MDCT) using a high-resolution protocol in the preoperative assessment of patients with renal cell carcinoma who are possible candidates for nephron-sparing surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with suspected renal cell carcinoma underwent MDCT. Contrast-enhanced acquisitions were obtained during arterial, nephrographic, and urographic phases using a thin-slice protocol. One-millimeter-thick source images were evaluated by two observers on a dedicated workstation for the identification and characterization of the tumor, presence of a pseudocapsule or invasion of perirenal fat, involvement of adrenal glands or surrounding tissues, presence of satellite lesions within Gerota's fascia, infiltration of renal vein and inferior vena cava, involvement of lymph nodes, and presence of distant metastases. Imaging findings were compared with surgical specimens using criteria from the Robson and TNM classification systems. RESULTS: The presence and size of all lesions were correctly shown in all patients. In evaluating Robson stage I of renal cell carcinoma, we were able to diagnose fat infiltration on 1-mm scans with 96% sensitivity, 93% specificity, and 95% accuracy; the positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 100% and 93%. One hundred percent accuracy was achieved in staging high-grade lesions. CONCLUSION: High-resolution MDCT is accurate in the preoperative evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma.     

低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描对大肠癌的术前分期研究

目的 评估低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描（以下简称WESCT）对大肠癌术前分期的诊断价值和限度。方法 对48例经内窥镜活检证实的大肠癌病人,术前行螺旋CT扫描,进行螺旋CT术前TNM和Duke分期,然后与术中、术后病理各分期一一对照。结果 WESCT显示大肠癌的敏感性达97．9％（47／48）;WESCT对大肠癌TNM分期的准确率为81．3％（39／48）,Duke分期的准确率为87．5％（42／48）;较文献报道的普通CT扫描的50％有明显提高。其中T分期,螺旋CT诊断的正确率为89．6％（43／48）;N分期为81．3％（39／48）,3例有肝转移的病人螺旋CT均正确诊断。结论 良好的扫描方法和扫描前肠管的准确是CT对大肠癌准确分期的关键;低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描对大肠癌的术前分期非常有价值,尤其是判断局部浸润和远处转移的情况较为准确,是目前临床综合评估大肠癌术前分期的最佳常有价值,尤其是判断局部浸润和远处转移的情况较为准确,是目前临床综合评估大肠癌术前分期的最佳影像方法;螺旋CT扫描对早期大肠癌的T分期还有一定限度,对于微小淋巴结的转移以及远处微小或潜在转移的诊断尚有一定困难。     

Lung cancer staging: the role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Because complete resection remains the only reliable method of cure of lung cancer, one important aim of preoperative staging is to select patients with localised disease who may benefit from surgery, while avoiding unnecessary thoracotomies in patients with unresectable neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is a valuable method for staging local and regional spread of lung neoplasms, although limitations in its accuracy are well-known. While gross invasion of the mediastinum and major structures as well as the presence of metastatic disease can be easily demonstrated with CT, differentiation between tumour contiguity and subtle invasion of mediastinum or chest wall often remains a problem. Although magnetic resonance imagaing (MRI) may have the same limitations as CT, in specific situations it may b superior in diagnosing minimal chest wall or mediastinal invasion. Moreover, MRI is useful in the assessment of patients with superior sulcus tumours as well as in patients with contraindication to intravenous administration of ionic contrast material. Since nodal size is the only useful criterion for evaluating lymph node metastases, CT and MRI show similar, poor accuracies in lymph node staging reesulting from both low sensitivity (normal-sized nodes may contain microscopic metastases) and low specificity (enlarged lymph nodes may be reactive). For this reason, if enlarged lymph nodes are detected, further evaluation is recommended before excluding the patient from a potentially curative resection. Advantages and limitations of CT and MRI in the preoperative staging of non-small-cell carcinoma are reviewed in this article. The imaging of small-cell carcinoma is not included because most patients with this cell type do not benefit from surgical resection. Similarly we do not discuss imaging of distant metastases.     

直肠癌CT诊断与分期

目的:评价CT在诊断和直肠癌分期的价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析150例经手术病理证实的直肠癌的CT表现,评价其CT诊断和分期的价值。结果:直肠癌CT的主要表现包括肠壁增厚50例、软组织肿块61例和肠腔狭窄49例;与手术病理对照,CT显示病灶、周围组织侵犯和淋巴结转移的准确性分别为96.7%(145/150)、88.4%(84/95)和51.7%(15/29);CT分期与Dukes分期的总符合率为83.3%。结论:直肠癌的CT诊断和分期与手术病理分期有很好的一致性,CT是直肠癌术前诊断的重要影像检查方法。