流式细胞仪检测急性婴幼儿白血病干细胞

背景：有关儿童急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞含量的测定及急性髓细胞性白血病患儿缓解后白血病干细胞含量与急性白血病微小残留病之间关系的研究国内外未见报道。 目的：通过测定急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞或急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞-IPIC在儿童急性白血病患儿骨髓单个核细胞中的含量,研究急性髓细胞性白血病患儿缓解后白血病干细胞含量与急性白血病微小残留病水平之间的关联。 方法：收集白血病患儿113例次。采用骨髓单个核细胞分离及单细胞悬液制成单细胞悬液,进行单个核细胞染色、急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞分析及根据初诊免疫表型获得白血病相关表型,并采用该白血病相关免疫表型进行单抗组合和流式细胞术测定分析。 结果与结论：①初诊急性髓细胞性白血病组骨髓单个核细胞中急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞含量明显高于初诊急性淋巴细胞性白血病组和非肿瘤对照组(P均< 0.017),初诊急性淋巴细胞性白血病组骨髓单个核细胞中急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞-IPIC含量显著高于非肿瘤对照组(P < 0.017)。②对33例次缓解急性髓细胞性白血病患儿急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞和急性白血病微小残留病相关性分析发现,两者存在显著负相关性。结果提示,①急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞-IPIC也存在于初诊急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿骨髓细胞中,且当急性淋巴细胞性白血病获完全缓解时急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞-IPIC含量却没有下降,但非肿瘤对照组标本中急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞-IPIC的含量极微。②急性髓细胞性白血病患儿缓解后骨髓中急性髓细胞性白血病干细胞含量和急性白血病微小残留病水平之间存在着明显的负相关。     

急性髓系白血病干细胞NOD/SCID小鼠白血病模型的建立

目的探讨用非肥胖型糖尿病/严重联合免疫缺陷（NOD/SCID）小鼠和经流式细胞仪分选出的KG1a中CD34＋CD38-的干细胞亚群建立白血病干细胞（LSCs）动物模型,为靶向治疗LSCs的药物筛选奠定体内实验基础。方法 18只雌性NOD/SCID小鼠,体质量18～20 g,鼠龄6～8周龄。实验组12只,应用流式细胞仪分选KG1a细胞中具有LSCs特性的CD34＋CD38-亚群,以2×106个/只尾静脉注射经全身X射线照射2Gy的NOD/SCID小鼠;正常对照组6只,只注射磷酸盐缓冲溶液。观察两组小鼠的一般情况和白血病发生情况,应用形态学、组织病理检查、流式细胞术、骨髓染色体检查等检测实验组小鼠的外周血、骨髓、肝脏、脾脏的白血病细胞标志。结果接种2周后实验组小鼠外周血可见白血病细胞,接种30 d实验组小鼠的白血病发病率为100%,无自发缓解;外周血、骨髓、肝、脾中均可发现大量的白血病细胞浸润;实验组小鼠骨髓细胞中CD13抗原阳性率15.47%～23.66%,并可见KG1a细胞的核型特征。结论尾静脉接种流式细胞仪分选后的CD34＋CD38-KG1a细胞于全身亚致死量X射线照射后的NOD/SCID小鼠,能成功建成全身播散的白血病模型,为进一步研究LSCs的靶向治疗药物奠定实验基础。     

Granulocytic sarcoma in the absence of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report

Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor composed of immature granulocytic precursor cells. The most common sites of presentation are bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node, skin, and infrequently small intestine. The tumor may develop during the course of acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia or other myelodysplastic disorders. It can occur without blood or bone marrow manifestations of leukemia and in this case, the diagnosis is difficult. Our patient was initially diagnosed as a case of T-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma and received one cycle of CHOP with only transient improvement in his symptoms. Subsequently, his biopsy slides were reviewed at our centre and were reported as granulocytic sarcoma.     

自体外周血造血干细胞移植后序贯CIK细胞治疗急性髓系白血病

背景：细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞作为一种有效的过继免疫治疗方法,成为治疗急性髓系白血病的一种新的手段,目前关于急性髓系白血病自体移植后序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗的报道尚少,值得进一步研究。 目的：观察急性髓系白血病M2患者自体外周血造血干细胞移植后序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗的临床疗效和不良反应。 方法：入选45例低、中危急性髓系白血病M2患者,其中19例在自体外周血造血干细胞移植后序贯了细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗,另26例未序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗,比较两组患者的复发率、无病生存率、总生存率,观察细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗的安全性。 结果与结论：①序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗组的复发率低于未序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗组(21.05%,38.46%,P < 0.05);序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗组患者的2年无病生存率和2年总生存率均高于未序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。②19例接受细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗的患者均顺利完成治疗方案,治疗过程中除4例出现寒战、发热外,无其他不良反应。结果显示低、中危急性髓系白血病M2患者自体外周血造血干细胞移植后序贯细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗可降低原发病的复发率,提高患者的无病生存率及总生存率,且无明显不良反应,是一种安全、有效、可行的治疗方法。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

肝移植后的继发急性髓系白血病

背景：肝移植后急性髓系白血病是一种极少见但病死率极高的并发症。 目的：分析肝移植后急性髓系白血病的临床特征。 方法：报告1例肝移植后发生急性早幼粒细胞性白血病病例,并辅以文献复习。 结果与结论：患者接受原位肝移植后85个月,拔牙后出血不止,进一步查凝血功能异常、血常规、骨髓细胞学、白血病免疫分型检查提示为急性早幼粒细胞白血病、PML/RARa融合基因阳性,明确诊断急性早幼粒细胞性白血病,合并弥散性血管内凝血,给予输注新鲜冰冻血浆纠正凝血异常,经维甲酸、亚砷酸、柔红霉素联合诱导化疗,骨髓完全缓解。予柔红霉素和阿糖胞苷,米托蒽醌和阿糖胞苷巩固化疗2个疗程,之后定期予亚砷酸化疗,骨髓持续缓解。化疗同时,调整免疫抑制剂剂量和类型,患者肝功能稳定,未发生严重感染等并发症。结果说明,肝移植后可并发急性髓系白血病,以急性早幼粒细胞白血病常见,肝移植患者出现血象、凝血异常,要考虑急性早幼粒细胞白血病可能。应早期诊断及治疗,以减少死亡率。     

Myeloid dysplasia (MD): a hematological disorder preceding acute and chronic myeloid leukemia

Summary Light- and electron microscopic appearances of core biopsies of the bone marrow in 27 selected patients out of about 195 cases with a clinically suspected preleukemic syndrome. The correct diagnosis of preleukemia was established retrospectively by sequential biopsies of the iliac crest or autopsy in those patients who developed overt leukemia in periods ranging from 2 to 36 months. As a final diagnosis chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was established in 10, with accompanying blast crisis in 6 and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in 11 cases. Histomorphology of the resin embedded cores of bone marrow showed hypercellularity in 21 specimens, a hypocellular marrow in 5 and a normal bone marrow in 1 case. There was also a conspicuous macrocytic or megaloblastoid maturation of erythropoiesis with frequent sideroblasts. Ultrastructural abnormalities included atypical nuclear clefts, dense iron deposits in the mitochondrial matrix and an increase of ferritin uptake. Neutrophilic granulopoiesis showed a shift to the left and often a remarkable aberration of nuclear segmentation consistent with a pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly. Electron microscopy displayed atypias of granulogenesis in comparison with maturation and segmentation of the nuclei, abnormal nuclear loops and blebs and very conspicuous nuclear fibrillar appendages (so called Nebenkerne). There was also an increase in eosinophilic granulocytes, monocytic elements, edema and a remarkable perivascular plasmacytosis of the myeloid stroma. Our results suggest that characteristic morphological features of the bone marrow exist before onset of overt, acute and chronic leukemia. These alterations are identical in CML and ANLL and are the morphological substrate of a maturation defect of hematopoiesis which precedes the establishment of the leukemic clone. The clinical term preleukemia should be replaced by myeloid dysplasia (MD), thus indicating transformation into overt leukemia in only a certain proportion of patients (only 27 of 195 clinically suspected patients who displayed an identical histopathology of MD in the bone marrow in 93 cases to date) and has to include ANLL as well as CML.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant Ge 121/19)     

Acute monoblastic myeloid leukemic pleural effusion: Pitfalls and clues

Acute myeloid leukemic pleural effusions are uncommon with heterogenous cytomorphology and variable immunoprofiles. This imposes a difficult cytologic diagnosis. In particular, acute myeloid leukemia of monocyte lineage mimicking benign and malignant lymphoid and non-lymphoid lesions is challenging. Few cases of acute myeloid monocyte-lineage leukemia have been reported. Our aim is to report a case of a 54-year-old female patient who presented with pancytopenia and bilateral pleural effusions. We highlight the characteristic cytomorphologic features, diagnostic pitfalls and helpful hints of acute monoblastic leukemia. Initially, the cells were misinterpreted as chronic inflammatory histiocytic infiltrates with reactive mesothelial cells. The presence of frequent mitotic figures, apoptotic bodies and a two-cell population raised the possibility of neoplastic cells. The cellular infiltrate simulated lymphoma, carcinoma and melanoma tumor cells. Cellblock immunocytochemistry however showed negative B-cell, T-cell, myeloid, Langerhans cell, plasma cell and dendritic cell lineage markers. They were positive for LCA, CD68, CD4 and CD117 with a high Ki67 index. The cytologically suggested impression of acute myeloid leukemia of monocyte origin favoring monoblastic variant was confirmed by flow cytometry and bone marrow trephine biopsy. Cytomorphologic clues included agranular amphophilic cytoplasm, occasional grooved indented nuclei, tingible body macrophages, associated plasma cells and absent granulocytes. The cytologic and cellblock findings matched the bone marrow trephine biopsy features. Cytopathologists should be aware of this unusual and challenging cytologic diagnosis in patients with pancytopenia and utilize at least two monocyte markers when formulating their differential diagnosis. Certain cytomorphologic features are helpful hints for their correct recognition.     

Bone marrow infiltration of CD20-negative follicular lymphoma after rituximab therapy: a histological mimicker of hematogones and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD20. Rituximab combined with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy, termed R-CHOP, have improved the overall survival of patients with B-cell lymphoma in comparison with that of CHOP therapy. However, as with other molecularly-targeted therapies, resistance to rituximab could emerge sooner or later after rituximab administration. A number of mechanisms for rituximab resistance have been proposed, including downregulation of CD20 protein expression. Differential diagnosis of B-cell proliferation with reduced or lost CD20 expression includes not only B-cell lymphomas with CD20 downregulation, but also other tumorous and non-tumorous lesions. These include precursor B-cell neoplasms such as B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL) and hematogones, a normal precursor B-cell proliferation during regeneration of hematopoiesis, typically observed following bone marrow suppression by chemotherapy. It is important to distinguish these possibilities because distinct therapies are required for each. In this paper, we report a case where bone marrow infiltration of follicular lymphoma histopathologically mimicked hematogones or B-ALL/LBL when CD20 expression was downregulated in follicular lymphoma after R-CHOP therapy.     

An extremely rare lineage switch from T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma into B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at relapse

Lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL/LBL) is a neoplasm of precursor B or T-cells. These neoplastic cells may infiltrate bone marrow and peripheral blood (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) or their presence is confined to nodal or extranodal sites with only minimal evidence of blood and bone marrow involvement (lymphoblastic lymphoma). Herein, we report a male patient with infrequent neurological manifestation of T-LBL who failed autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). A lineage switch from T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma into B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was observed at relapse and this phenomenon has not been described so far. Our case demonstrates difficulties which may occur in diagnosis and treatment of LBL/ALL. It should be underlined that neurological deficits resulting from spinal cord compression may be the first symptom of lymphoma. A switch within the lymphoblastic line may occur but it is an extremely rare finding. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, therefore further studies are highly required.     

端粒酶在小儿急性白血病中表达的意义

目的 探讨端粒酶在小儿急性白血病中的表达及作为预测病情，判断预后标志物的可能性。方法 采用端粒重复序列扩增-微孔杂交法（TRAP-Kyb)，检测16例急性白血病患儿骨髓和外周血单个核细胞端粒酶活性，对照组为10例非白血病血液病患儿的骨髓及5例正常健康小儿的外周血单个核细胞，结果 16例急性白血病患儿表达阳性率83.1%)；10例非白血病血液病患儿有2例呈低度阳性表达，5例正常健康小儿外周血单个核细胞中未见阳性表达。结论 端粒酶活性在急性白血病患儿骨髓和外周血单个核细胞中明显升高，表明端粒酶的活性与急性白血病的发生可能有着密切关系。检测其活性可能成为一种评估急性白血病病情及预后的有用指标。     

Secondary myeloid/natural killer cell precursor acute leukemia following essential thrombocythemia.

The de novo leukemic transformation of essential thrombocythemia is a rare event, and usually associated with previous treatments. We describe a patient who received treatments with nitrosourea for long-standing essential thrombocythemia and subsequently developed extramedullary tumors, tentatively diagnosed as lymphoblastic lymphoma. Combination chemotherapy was initially successful, but relapsed with marked bone marrow involvement. Surface marker analysis revealed that the tumor cells had CD5, CD7, CD33, CD34, and CD56 antigens but lacked other T-cell, and B-cell markers. Immunogenotypical studies revealed germline configurations for both T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin genes. These clinical and phenotypical features are consistent with a myeloid/natural killer cell precursor leukemia, a recently proposed distinct clinical entity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of secondary leukemia of myeloid/ natural killer cell precursor origin, and suggest that myeloid/natural killer cell precursor might be a potent target of therapy-related leukemia.     

Histopathology in the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases.

In spite of the impressive advances in the area of molecular pathology, bone marrow morphology remains the diagnosis cornerstone to identify the various subtypes of myeloid neoplasms. Morphological examination of the bone marrow requires both bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow trephine biopsy. Immunohistochemistry of bone marrow biopsy with markers reactive in paraffin-embedded tissues represents a powerful diagnostic tool; its results can be easily correlated with those obtained by other techniques such as flow cytometry and genetic analysis, and above all, the clinical findings. The role of the bone marrow biopsy will be particularly stressed in this review article. Particular emphasis is being given to the correct identification of cases of myeloid neoplasms associated with myelofibrosis and for which the bone marrow biopsy represents the only available diagnostic mean. Moreover, the often low cellular yield of the bone marrow aspirate in these cases may also be insufficient to obtain adequate cytogenetic information. Such cases include two subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia which typically cause diagnostic difficulties: acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (acute myelosclerosis). Acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia, therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) will also be discussed. The value of bone marrow biopsy in this group of disorders is generally well established. In MDS, in particular, bone marrow biopsy may help in confirming a suspected diagnosis by excluding reactive conditions in which dyshematopoietic changes may also be observed. It can increase the diagnostic accuracy and helps in refining the IPPS risk evaluation system. Among the alterations detected by bone marrow biopsy, a prognostically important finding is the presence of aggregates or clusters of immature myeloid precursor cells (myeloblasts and promyelocytes). These can also be identified by immunohistochemistry with CD34, an antigen expressed in progenitor and early precursor marrow cells, which can be used to demonstrate pathological accumulations of blasts in aggressive subtypes of myeloid neoplasms. Immunohistologic analysis is especially helpful in cases of MDS with fibrosis and cases with hypocellular marrows (hypoplastic MDS). In both of these variants, the presence of reticulin fibrosis or fatty changes in the bone marrow can make accurate disease characterization very difficult or impossible using bone marrow aspirates. Finally, the important group of the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders can only be accurately categorized by a careful multiparametric approach in which the bone marrow biopsy exerts a pivotal role.     

The use of monoclonal antibody Y1/82A in the identification of acute myeloblastic and monocytic leukemias

A newly developed monoclonal antibody (Y1/82A), which binds a cytoplasmic antigen in peripheral blood monocytes and tissue macrophages, was tested for its ability to detect monocytic differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia, i.e., to distinguish French-American-British (FAB) groups M4 and M5 from FAB groups M1, M2, M3, M6 and M7. Staining was performed by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical technic on bone marrow smears from 29 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, on 17 normal peripheral blood and/or bone marrow smears, on bone marrows from 10 cases of lymphoid leukemia, and on lymph nodes of 13 patients with lymphoma. Neoplastic cells from 11 of 11 patients with either M4 or M5 leukemia had positive results, whereas only 2 out of 18 cases of M1, M2, M3, M6, and M7 leukemia had positive results. In normal samples, only peripheral blood monocytes, bone marrow macrophages, and megakaryocytes stained. Lymphoid neoplasms were unreactive. These results suggest that monoclonal antibody Y1/82A may be a useful reagent in detecting cases of M4 and M5 acute myeloid leukemia and that it offers a valuable alternative to nonspecific esterase cytochemistry.     

Syndecan-1/CD138 expression in normal myeloid,acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia cells

Stabilization of cell surface antigens and preservation of ultrastructural integrity are important aspects of immunoelectron microscopical studies. In the present study, 4 anti-syndecan-1/CD138 (B-B2, B-B4, MI15, 1D4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were applied in combination with periodatelysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixation and indirect pre-embedding peroxidase electron microscopical immunocytochemistry to analyse the localization and function of these molecules in normal myeloid cells, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells. One case of normal human bone marrow, 3 cases of untreated AML and 2 cases of untreated ALL were studied. Samples were immediately fixed for 4 h in freshly-prepared PLP fixative in 0.037 mol/L phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, containing 10 mmol/L sodium metaperiodate, 75 mmol/L lysine, and 2% paraformaldehyde. Expression of syndecan-1 was found at the plasma membrane of all cell types. Staining intensity at the membrane of AML cells was stronger than that on the membrane of normal myeloid and ALL cells. We conclude that anti-syndecan-1/CD138 mAbs in combination with the method described here are a suitable tool for detection of cell surface syndecan molecules in cells originating from progenitor cells that can differentiate in both myeloid and lymphoid cells.     

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type extensively involving the bone marrow

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is an aggressive EBV-associated lymphoma that mainly involves the nasal cavity but has also been reported to involve other extranodal sites without nasal involvement. In contrast to aggressive NK cell leukemia (a marrow-based aggressive leukemia of NK-cell origin); extensive bone marrow and blood involvement is extremely uncommon by nasal type NK/T lymphoma. We report a patient with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type that developed extensive bone marrow involvement during the course of her disease with some overlapping features with aggressive NK-cell leukemia.     

Peroxiredoxin-6与急性髓系白血病多药耐药发生的相关性

目的：探讨Peroxiredoxin-6与急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)多药耐药发生的相关性。方法：获取16例AML病人骨髓标本,根据化疗不同疗效分为多药耐药组(7例)和化疗敏感组(9例),采用双向电泳和质谱分析检测两组之间差异表达的蛋白质,之后采用RT-PCR进一步验证差异蛋白表达结果。结果：蛋白质组学实验结果显示,两组之间差异显著的蛋白点共29个,其中第17号蛋白点经鉴定为抗氧化酶Peroxiredoxin-6。RT-PCR结果证实,与化疗敏感组相比,多药耐药组中Peroxiredoxin-6表达水平明显增高(P<0.001)。结论：Peroxiredoxin-6在AML多药耐药病人骨髓细胞中高表达,提示Peroxiredoxin-6可能与AML多药耐药发生相关。     

Elevated IL-35 in bone marrow of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematological malignancy in adults, but the etiology of it remains poorly understood. IL-35 is a recently described cytokine composed of an IL-12 subunit p35 and an IL-27 subunit Epstein–Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3), and has an immunosuppressive effect on inflammation through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of Th1 and Th17. Recently, we have illustrated that concentrations of IL-35 in peripheral blood are up-regulated in newly diagnosed (ND) AML patients. However, whether IL-35 in bone marrow is increased in AML patients is not clear. In this study, we examined IL-35 in bone marrow by various methods including RT-PCR, ELISA, FCM and IHC, and found that IL-35 levels are also increased significantly in bone marrow of adult AML patients. Furthermore, we investigated that concentrations of bone marrow IL-35 in ND group were higher than that in complete remission (CR) group and control group, but there was no significant difference compared to that in relapse group. In conclusion, IL-35 was elevated in bone marrow of adult AML patients and this increase was correlated with the clinical stages of malignancy, suggesting that IL-35 is involved in pathogenesis of AML.     

伴11号染色体异常的急性髓系白血病的临床和细胞遗传学研究

目的 研究11号染色体异常在急性髓系白血病中的发生率及与临床和预后的关系.方法 采用R带常规显带技术进行染色体检查,对356例急性髓系白血病患者的核型进行分析.结果 356例急性髓系白血病患者中检出11号染色体异常患者34例,占9.55%;其中20例(58.8%)涉及11q23,7例11p15易位(20.6%),5例-11(14.7%),其他少见的核型改变有:+11,t(11;14).11q23中,M4、M5占70%;且有10例同时合并有其他染色体异常.30例进行正规化疗的患者,13例缓解,缓解率低于同期急性髓系白血病的总缓解率(43.3% vs64.0%);伴11q23的急性髓系白血病的缓解率低于染色体正常的急性髓系白血病患者(45% vs67%);11q23伴其他染色体异常的缓解率低于伴单纯11q23者(30% vs60%).7例涉及11p15易位患者3例缓解,2例早期复发.5例-11患者缓解2例.结论 11q23是11号染色体异常中最为常见的核型改变,且多见于急性髓系白血病的M5型,并可能与急性单核细胞白血病的发病有关;伴11号染色体异常的急性髓系白血病患者预后较差.     

Tim-3 is highly expressed in T cells in acute myeloid leukemia and associated with clinicopathological prognostic stratification

T cells immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3) is an important inhibitory stimulatory molecule, which has been reported to play a vital role in the tumor immune escape and be correlated with clinicopathological prognostic stratification in solid tumor. However, the related research is rare of Tim-3 in non-solid tumor, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we investigated the expression characteristics of Tim-3 on the peripheral blood T cells of newly diagnosed AML patients and its clinical significance. Peripheral blood was obtained from 36 patients with newly diagnosed AML before intervention, with peripheral blood from 20 cases of healthy volunteers collected as normal control. Expression levels of Tim-3 on the peripheral blood T cells were assayed with flow cytometry. We found that Tim-3 expression on the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in newly diagnosed AML patients were significantly increased compared with that of normal control. CD4+ T cells/CD8+ T cell ratio (CD4/CD8) of peripheral blood in AML patients was significantly correlated with NCCN high risk group. The higher expression level of Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of AML patients had significant correlation with FLT3-ITD mutation, the higher expression level of Tim-3 on CD8+ T cells in AML patients was significantly correlated with NCCN high risk group. To conclude, our results support the concept that Tim-3 is highly expressed on the peripheral blood T cells of AML patients, and Tim-3 expression significantly correlates with clinicopathological prognostic stratification in AMLTim-3, T cell, acute myeloid leukemia, tumor immune escape, clinicopathological prognostic stratification