MR Imaging Findings of Extraovarian Endocervical Mucinous Borderline Tumors Arising from Pelvic Endometriosis

We report MR imaging findings of a rare case of endocervical mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) involving the cul-de-sac and left fallopian tube arising from extensive pelvic endometriosis with pathologic correlation in a 35-year-old woman presented with vague pelvic pain. Endocervical MBT is a type of endometriosis-associated carcinoma. Imaging findings of endocervical MBT are unilocular or oligolocular cystic lesions with enhancing mural nodules, which are different from those of the more common intestinal type MBT.     

CT and MR imaging features of adnexal torsion.

In adnexal torsion, the ovary, ipsilateral fallopian tube, or both twist with the vascular pedicle, resulting in vascular compromise. Unrelieved torsion is likely to cause hemorrhagic infarction as the degree of arterial occlusion increases. Therefore, early diagnosis is important to preserve the affected ovary. Adnexal torsion commonly accompanies an ipsilateral ovarian neoplasm or cyst but can also occur in normal ovaries, usually in children. Although ultrasonography is typically the initial emergent examination, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may also be useful diagnostic tools. Common CT and MR imaging features of adnexal torsion include fallopian tube thickening, smooth wall thickening of the twisted adnexal cystic mass, ascites, and uterine deviation to the twisted side. Uncommon imaging findings in adnexal torsion that are specific to hemorrhagic infarction include hemorrhage in the thickened fallopian tube, hemorrhage within the twisted ovarian mass, and hemoperitoneum. Additional imaging findings that can suggest hemorrhagic infarction include eccentric smooth wall thickening exceeding 10 mm in a cystic ovarian mass converging on the thickened fallopian tube and lack of contrast enhancement of the internal solid component or thickened wall of the twisted ovarian mass. Early diagnosis can help prevent irreversible structural damage and may allow conservative, ovary-sparing treatment.     

原发性输卵管癌影像学表现

目的：探讨原发性输卵管癌（PFTC）的影像学表现,提高对该病的诊断准确性。方法：回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的PFTC病例,其中9例行CT检查,3例行MRI检查。结果：10例为单侧病灶,2例为双侧病灶。CT表现：输卵管区分叶状或不规则状实性肿块1例;不规则囊实性肿块5例;腊肠形、“C”形实性肿块3例;管状囊性肿块伴管壁软组织结节3例。增强后实性部分轻到中度强化,呈延时强化,囊性部分不强化。MRI表现：实性部分呈稍长T1稍长T2信号,囊性部分呈长T1长T2信号,增强后肿块不均匀强化,实性部分DWI呈高信号。5例伴有输卵管积水。8例患侧子宫圆韧带均匀增粗,走形自然,增强后均匀强化。结论：PFTC典型表现为附件区腊肠样实性肿块,管形囊性肿块伴乳头状突起,伴输卵管积水。患侧子宫圆韧带增粗是PFTC重要的间接征象。     

Cystic hamartoma of the renal pelvis: imaging features

We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with histologically proven cystic hamartoma of the renal pelvis, focusing on the imaging findings and pathologic features. A large multicystic tumor with solid components in the left kidney was enhanced on both contrast-enhanced CT and gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Angiographic images showed irregular tumor vessels with moderate tumor stain.     

Metastatic liver tumor from cystic ovarian carcinomas: CT and MRI appearance.

OBJECTIVE: The initial and follow-up CT and MRI images of ten patients with hepatic metastases from ovarian tumors were retrospectively analyzed to establish their features and sequential changes in appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with hepatic metastasis from ovarian tumors received initial and follow-up CT and MRI examinations. Six patients were followed up every two to three weeks before surgical tumor resection. Both CT and MR images were analyzed by two radiologists. RESULTS: A total of fourteen lesions were detected by CT and MRI in 10 patients. All 14 lesions were demonstrated as areas of marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. Eleven cyst-like tumors were demonstrated as round or oval low density lesions on CT and as areas of hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging. Three lesions were shown as solid masses with slightly low attenuation at the initial CT examination and slightly low or iso-intensity areas on T1-weighted imaging, and these lesions showed early peripheral globular enhancement and delayed enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. Cystic formation was observed two to three weeks later after initial study in all the 3 solid lesions. Rapid subcapsular effusion, which showed obvious enhancement on delayed Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging, was observed in two patients. CONCLUSION: The hepatic metastatic tumor from cystic ovarian carcinoma may manifest as a well-defined cystic lesion or as a solid mass, and the solid mass shows delayed enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. Furthermore, rapid cystic formation and rapid subcapsular extension is frequently seen.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging findings of adnexal torsion: Initial results

Our purpose is to clarify the diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging findings of adnexal torsion. We retrospectively analyzed the DW imaging findings in 11 consecutive patients with surgical confirmation of adnexal torsion. We assessed signal intensity of the adnexal mass and fallopian tube thickening, and the location of abnormal signal intensity within the adnexal mass. On DW imaging, thickening of the fallopian tube was apparent as abnormal signal intensity in 8 of 11 patients. Abnormal signal intensity was inhomogeneous in 7 of 8 patients. Abnormal signal intensity on DW imaging was observed in 10 of 11 adnexal masses, and in the walls of 7 out of 8 adnexal cystic lesions. In adnexal torsion, DW imaging showed abnormal signal intensity in the thickened fallopian tube and in the wall of cystic ovarian lesions. These findings would be feasible to diagnose adnexal torsion.     

Phyllodes tumor of the breast with cystic portion: MR imaging with histopathological correlation]

The purpose of this study was to reassess the MR imaging appearance and significance of dynamic MR imaging in phyllodes tumor with cystic portion. MR imaging in four patients with surgically proven phyllodes tumor was reviewed both radiologically and histopathologically. In all cases, T2WI showed inhomogeneous signal intensity with a hypointense area and internal septation in the solid portion. At histopathological examination, collagenous fibers and hemorrhage were seen in the area corresponding to hypointensity in the solid portion on T2WI. In the dynamic study, three cases showed the gradual type and one the rapid type. The percentage of cystic portion in the gradual type was over 30%, and in the rapid type, 6%. Cases of the gradual type, histopathologically, showed apparent hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic dilatation of the duct, sclerotic change, and a less densely stromal component than the rapid type. In conclusion, we speculate that the dynamic pattern may reflect changes in tumor angiogenesis that do not correlate with either malignancy or benignancy. On T2WI, internal septation and a hypointense area are considered useful for diagnosis.     

Brown tumor with fluid-fluid levels in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: radiological findings

We report a case of a brown tumor with fluid-fluid levels in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. A 19-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of pain in the left pubic region. The laboratory data showed elevated serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone, confirming the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Plain radiography and computed tomography (CT) showed an expansile lytic lesion of the superior ramus of the left pubis. The cortex was thinned. On magnetic resonance (MR) images, the lesion was solid and cystic. The solid area of the lesion showed heterogeneous low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous low to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The cystic area showed several fluid-fluid levels on T2-weighted images. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images after administration of Gd-DTPA showed marked, early enhancement of the solid area of the lesion. A delayed image showed prolonged enhancement of the solid area and enhancement of the septa and walls of the cystic area. Histopathology of a biospy specimen showed fibroblastic proliferation, abundant giant cells, and focal hemosiderin deposition, which supported the diagnosis of a brown tumor. After removing the parathyroid adenoma, the brown tumor regressed and became sclerotic on radiographs.     

Myxoid liposarcoma: appearance at MR imaging with histologic correlation.

Although myxoid liposarcoma is a subtype of liposarcoma, it may be difficult to establish the correct diagnosis with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging due to the lack of fat signal intensity. Without the administration of gadolinium contrast material, the tumor may even mimic a cystic tumor. A spectrum of MR imaging abnormalities occur in myxoid liposarcoma, depending on the amount of fat and myxoid material, the degree of cellularity and vascularity, and the presence of necrosis. Most myxoid liposarcomas have lacy or linear, amorphous foci of fat. Some myxoid liposarcomas appear to be cystic at nonenhanced MR imaging, although they enhance like other solid masses at contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. The enhancing areas within the tumor represent increased cellularity and vascularity; the nonenhancing areas represent necrosis, reduced cellularity, and accumulated mucinous material. Gadolinium-enhanced imaging is important in differentiating myxoid liposarcoma from benign cystic tumors. Characterization of the tumor with MR imaging plays an important role in the management of myxoid liposarcoma.     

Imaging features of pancreatoblastoma: a case report

We present a patient with pancreatoblastoma along with a discussion of various cross-sectional imaging features. The tumor was a large multilocular cystic mass with solid components in the left retroperitoneal space. There were fine internal echoes on ultrasonography, and the signal intensity was high on both T1- and T2-weighted MR images in most of the locules, suggesting the presence of hemorrhagic debris. Among the various retroperitoneal organs displaced by the tumor, only the pancreatic tail was inseparable from the mass, suggesting that the pancreatic tail was the origin of the tumor. Pancreatoblastoma should be included in the differential diagnosis when a large left upper quadrant mass with these imaging features is seen in infants and young children.     

Acinic cell carcinoma of the head and neck: radiologic-pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: To describe and correlate the imaging and pathologic findings of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) in the head and neck. METHODS: We reviewed the radiologic findings of 12 patients with pathologically proven ACC in the head and neck. They were 6 males and 6 females (ages: 5-75 years, mean 36 years) who undergoing computed tomography (CT, n=9) and CT with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n=3). RESULTS: The lesions in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland were solid (n=7), cystic (n=1), and cystic mass with mural nodule (n=1) on CT. A parapharyngeal lesion was cystic mass with mural nodule, and a submandibular and a palate tumor were cystic lesions on CT. All solid masses in the parotid gland (n=7) included focal low-attenuating portions on CT, which were microcyst, hemorrhage, or necrosis on pathologic examination. We could not find intratumoral calcifications or metastatic lymphadenopathy on imaging and histologic studies in all 12 cases. Internal hemorrhage on the MR images was seen in a parapharyngeal and a parotid lesion. CONCLUSION: Although ACC appears to have nonspecific imaging findings, familiarity with some imaging features can be helpful for differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors.     

中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法:对5例经手术和病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤行常规MR成像(其中3例行增强扫描)。常规HE染色及免疫组织化学检查。结果:MRI显示肿瘤均位于侧脑室内,4例呈边界较清楚的不规则形团块,1例呈边界清楚的分叶状团块。肿瘤均以实性部分为主,伴有多发囊性变。实性部分呈长T1、长T2信号,囊性部分呈更长T1、更长T2信号,瘤体内(3例)及其边缘(2例)可见条状短T1高信号,3例肿瘤实性部分呈明显或中等增强。5例肿瘤均与透明隔及胼胝体有密切关系且表现为侧脑室扩大及梗阻性脑积水。免疫组织化学均显示神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及突触素(SYN)阳性。结论:中枢神经细胞瘤MRI表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床资料可提示诊断,确诊仍依靠病理学诊断。     

腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的:探讨腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤的CT、MRI表现特点,提高其影像学诊断水平.方法:收集经手术病理证实的腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤14例,回顾性分析其CT、MRI表现及病理学特点.结果:右侧5例,左侧9例.大小2.3 cm×2.5 cm×2.6 cm～17.6 cm×23.8 cm×14.5 cm.肿块以囊实性为主,以囊性为主者3例,以实性为主者7例,基本呈实性者4例,未见完全囊性病灶.CT平扫表现为等或等低混杂密度灶,边缘清楚,实性部分密度与腹主动脉相近,CT值约为38.5～49.3 HU,囊性部分CT值平均约为18.9 HU.MR检查囊性部分呈长T1长T2异常信号,实性部分呈等T1长T2异常信号.增强扫描后动脉期表现为明显不均质强化肿块,囊性部分无强化,实性部分CT值约为69.5～117.3 HU.门静脉期CT值峰值略下降,信号降低,实性肿块表现为明显均匀强化,CT值约为64.7～103.5 HU,平均77.8 HU.延迟期实性部分密度、信号逐渐下降.结论:腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤有一定的CT、MRI表现,结合临床及实验室检查能得出比较准确的诊断结果.     

颅内血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现与临床病理对照

目的探讨血管母细胞瘤的MRI影像表现与临床病理特点,提高其诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的颅内血管母细胞瘤MRI表现和临床病理特点。结果 18例病灶,5例位于右小脑半球,9例位于左小脑半球,3例位于小脑蚓部,1例位于幕上右侧脑室三角区;MRI表现为大囊小结节型9例,囊实型3例,单纯囊型1例,实质型5例。血管母细胞瘤典型MRI表现为大囊小结节,且小结节显著异常强化。大体病理学检查,肿瘤细胞以囊性和实质性两种形态,囊液透明、淡黄色、蛋白含量高,实性部分由丰富的血管和血窦构成;显微镜下见肿瘤由大小不等的血管腔隙和其间的基质细胞构成,在血管内皮细胞核周围细胞区见丰富的网状纤维;临床上该病好发于中青年,男性为主。结论血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现具有一定特征,结合临床较易诊断;对非典型的血管母细胞,则需进行鉴别诊断,MRI增强更有利于对病变的定性诊断。     

Basal cell adenoma in the parapharyngeal space: MR findings

We report MR findings of a case of basal cell adenoma arising in the parapharyngeal space. On MR imaging, the mass was a well-circumscribed cystic and solid tumor with a thin fibrous capsule and intratumoral hemorrhage. It was confined to the parapharyngeal space, separating from the deep lobe of the parotid gland. The solid portion of the tumor was slightly hypointense/hyperintense to the muscle on T1-/T2-weighted images and was relatively well enhanced on Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images. The cystic contents of the mass were hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted images and were proven to be a hemorrhage.     

颅内神经元肿瘤的影像诊断

目的 探讨颅内神经元肿瘤的影像学表现,评价CT和MRI对该类肿瘤的诊断价值。方法 经手术不病理证实的神经元肿瘤10例,回顾分析其CT及MRI表现,结果 节细胞胶质瘤3例;中枢神经细胞瘤3例;胚胎发育不良性神经上上皮肿瘤（DNT）3例（7个病灶）,肿瘤外形呈脑回状或结节脑回状,2个局灶性者呈中度强化,其余无明显强化。多纤维组织性婴儿节细胞胶质瘤（DIG）1例,病灶囊变明显,可见钙化,肿瘤实体明显均匀强化,结论 部分神经元肿瘤CT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性,但仅造影像学表现作出诊断是困难的,须结合临床资料,可进一步提高该类肿瘤的诊断正确率。     

A benign soft tissue mass simulating a glenoid labral cyst on unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging

A 72-year-old Caucasian man initially presented with a vibratory sensation progressing to pain in his left scapular region. After failed conservative therapy, a left shoulder unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study was performed. Initial interpretation suggested a glenoid labral tear with an associated paralabral cyst. Further review of the images identified heterogeneous increased T2-weighted signal intensity, which led to repeat MR imaging with intravenous contrast and the diagnosis of a solid tumor in the suprascapular notch. The MR appearance of the mass is illustrated and the usefulness of intravenous contrast administration in differentiating between a solid and cystic mass on MR imaging is discussed.     

MR imaging of pelvic masses in women: contrast-enhanced vs unenhanced images.

OBJECTIVE. We compared the value of contrast-enhanced MR images with that of T2-weighted MR images in the diagnosis and staging of pelvic masses in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The findings on preoperative MR studies of 97 patients with a total of 124 surgically proved lesions were retrospectively analyzed. Unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images were compared with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The final diagnosis included benign (36 patients), borderline (six patients), and malignant (15 patients) ovarian masses, fallopian tube masses (15 patients), endometrial tumors (seven patients), cervical carcinomas (32 patients), subserous leiomyomas (11 patients), and two masses of extragenital origin. RESULTS. In the depiction of pelvic lesions, the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced MR imaging (96%) was equal to that of unenhanced T2-weighted imaging (97%). Contrast-enhanced images were useful in the definition of intratumoral architecture and tumor borders of 72 adnexal masses, resulting in better determination of malignancy (accuracy, 95%) than on T2-weighted images (85%). Size of viable tumor, differentiation of tumor from retained fluid, and depth of myometrial invasion of six endometrial carcinomas were most reliably shown on contrast-enhanced images. In the evaluation of cervical carcinoma, overall staging accuracy of contrast-enhanced imaging (80%) was slightly inferior to that of T2-weighted imaging (83%). However, contrast-enhanced images improved assessment of parametrial and organ invasion in seven cases in which findings on T2-weighted MR images were equivocal. Administration of contrast material was not helpful in the evaluation of subserous leiomyomas or masses of extragenital origin. CONCLUSIONS. The findings suggest that when results of unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging of pelvic masses are equivocal, contrast-enhanced MR images should be used as supportive and complementary pulse sequences to (1) improve definition of intratumoral architecture and prediction of malignancy in adnexal tumors, (2) stage endometrial carcinoma, and (3) determine tumor extension in cervical carcinoma.     

CT and MRI findings of cystadenofibromas of the ovary

The aim of this study was to assess imaging findings on CT or MR images of histologically proven ovarian cystadenofibromas. In the period 1995–2001, 32 histologically proven ovarian cystadenofibromas were identified in 28 women. Of the 32 ovarian cystadenofibromas, 16 tumors were purely cystic and the remaining 16 were complex cystic on CT or MR images. Solid components of 16 complex cystic tumors were seen as nodular (n=8) or trabecular (n=9) solid areas. One tumor had both nodular and trabecular solid components. Among 16 complex cystic tumors, 14 had thick or irregular septa; thus, half of ovarian cystadenofibromas had morphological imaging features of malignancy on CT or MR images. On histology, solid components in the cystic tumors were correlated with fibrous stromas that occasionally made a false-positive result for malignancy on imaging.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT、MRI表现特征。方法:回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床特征及CT、MRI表现。结果:10例患者中,1例为15岁男性,其余多为年轻女性,无黄疸。10例CT均表现为胰腺巨大的囊实性肿块,其中2例肿块内可见钙化;5例肿块在T1WI、T2WI上呈高低混杂信号,增强后肿块实性成分均明显强化,囊变坏死区无强化。结论:胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT、MRI表现较具特征性,结合临床资料可在术前作出诊断。