菏泽市部分HIV/AIDS患者资料调查

[目的]了解HIV/AIDS患者的心理,分析减少歧视对预防和控制艾滋病的作用。[方法]对已确认的HIV/AIDS患者,在知情、保密的情况下进行个人访谈;选择存在HIV/AIDS患者的村庄或附近村庄的村民,调查这部分村民对HIV/AIDS患者存在的相关歧视及原因。[结果]124例HIV/AIDS患者中,108人（87.0%）为有偿献血者,46人（37.1%）有过报复社会的想法。48.4%的感染者表示生活中的主要压力为经济困难,43.8%的感染者感受到村民对他们的歧视,79.2%（305/385）的人认为可以通过宣传教育来降低歧视。[结论]应有计划、有步骤地扩大全民健康教育,宣传歧视和不尊重HIV/AIDS病人权利的危害性,从而通过减少歧视来预防和控制艾滋病。     

医疗领域内艾滋病病人被歧视现状的定性研究

[目的]了解艾滋病病人/感染者艾滋病相关知识掌握情况、在医疗领域内遭受歧视的态度,以发现歧视的产生原因及探索消除歧视的方法。[方法]利用个人访谈、角色扮演、现场观察等方法,对48名HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行调查。[结果]HIV感染者/AIDS患者存在自我歧视,医疗领域内普遍遭受歧视。[结论]应对艾滋病病人进行心理干预以减少歧视现象。     

菏泽市艾滋病病毒感染者生存现状的研究

[目的]了解HIV感染者及AIDS病人的生存环境和生活质量,以建立适合我市实际的家庭和社会关怀及支持体系。[方法]采取典型调查的方式调查已确认的HIV/AIDS患者,在知情、保密的情况下进行个人访谈;另外采用现况调查的方法,选择存在HIV感染者和AIDS病人的村庄或附近村庄的居民,调查社区内存在的相关歧视及原因。[结果]HIV/AIDS患者存在着健康状况恶化、就医困难、经济窘迫、遭受歧视等的生存危机。[结论]应有计划、有步骤地扩大全民健康教育;认识和重视歧视及不尊重HIV/AIDS病人权利的危害性,真正消除对艾滋病恐惧;建立对感染者和病人的保护机制;提供关怀、护理、社会和情感支持等的预防控制措施。     

山西省大学生艾滋病相关知识及社会歧视的调查

[目的]了解山西省大学生艾滋病相关知识的掌握程度,探讨在校大学生对艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者(HIV感染者/AIDS患者)的歧视状况及大学生对艾滋病歧视的影响因素,为消除艾滋病相关歧视,有针对性地对大学生进行艾滋病健康教育提供参考依据。[方法]采用方便抽样的方法抽取山西大学(文史类)、太原理工大学(理工类)、山西医科大学(医学类)三所高校在校的1313名大学生进行现场自填式问卷调查。[结果]被调查大学生对艾滋病传播途径知识的总体知晓率为89.5%,对部分非传播途径知识和预防知识的认识存在较模糊状态,其知晓率分别为78.3%和75.0%。进行多因素累积logistic回归分析结果显示:本次调查大学生对HIV感染者和AIDS患者歧视态度的影响因素依次为:理学专业、家庭住址在乡村、对艾滋病(AIDS)近几年的发展趋势的关心程度、国家艾滋病政策知识得分、非传播途径知识得分、艾滋病一般知识得分。[结论]大学生对艾滋病相关知识的掌握程度有待于进一步提高。除了对AIDS近几年的发展趋势的关心程度、艾滋病一般知识、非传播途径知识等影响因素外,大学生对HIV感染者/AIDS患者歧视态度还受其所学的专业和家庭住址的影响。     

某社区HIV/AIDS社会歧视现状分析

目的通过对HIV/AIDS受到社区相关歧视分析,探讨建立社区关怀和支持体系、减少社会歧视,达到预防和控制艾滋病的目的。方法采用随机抽样的方法,用统一的问卷调查表对社区居民350名、社区居委会干部58名进行调查,分析城市社区对HIV/AIDS相关歧视现状特征。结果城市社区对HIV/AIDS的歧视现象仍然存在:31.1%的人认为感染艾滋病与不良道德品质有关;52.9%的人认为艾滋病感染者或病人应该继续工作或学习;16.7%的人对艾滋病持害怕态度;愿意与艾滋病病毒感染者/病人的亲戚朋友继续交往的为40.0%;愿意与艾滋病病毒感染者/病人共同生活的为15.7%;主张艾滋病感染者/病人应该被隔离的为36.0%。结论应进一步加强社区艾滋病反歧视的宣传,通过减少社会歧视来预防和控制艾滋病。     

社会支持和羞辱歧视与HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗的关联分析

目的 探讨社会支持和艾滋病相关羞辱歧视对艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)抗病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy, ART)的影响,为进一步提高ART覆盖率提供指导依据。方法 对山东省现存活HIV/AIDS进行问卷调查,了解其社会人口学特征、艾滋病及ART相关知识知晓情况、社会支持及艾滋病相关羞辱与歧视情况,运用逐步logistic回归模型分析上述因素与HIV/AIDS接受ART间的关系。结果 本研究共调查1 294例HIV/AIDS,其中接受ART的有1 047人,治疗率为80.9%。Logistic回归结果显示,主观支持分数高的HIV/AIDS比分数低者更愿意接受ART (OR=1.06, 95%CI:1.03～1.08);与不知晓ART副作用的HIV/AIDS相比,知晓者更愿意接受ART (OR=1.49, 95%CI:1.12～2.00);与家庭歧视分数高的HIV/AIDS相比,分数低者更愿意接受ART (OR=0.98, 95%CI:0.96～0.99);与未婚HIV/AIDS相比,已婚有配偶(OR=1.49, 95%CI:1.09～2.04)...     

艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者与其家属艾滋病相关羞辱和歧视的研究

目的 了解某农村社区艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)与其家属遭遇的羞辱和歧视,并分析造成相关羞辱和歧视的原因.方法 采用自制调查问卷,对某农村艾滋病流行区的117例HIV/AIDS及其相应的190名健康家属进行面对面问卷调查.结果 HIV/AIDS与其家属遭受到的羞辱和歧视可分为两类,即内在的羞辱和歧视及外在的羞辱和歧视;这两种羞辱和歧视在HIV/AIDS与其家属之间的差异有统计学意义(t=-12.540,P=0.000);且HIV/AIDS与其家属遭受的内在的羞辱和歧视要高于外在的羞辱和歧视.艾滋病内在的羞辱和歧视与研究对象的自我效能(OR=0.558,P=0.041)、家庭功能(OR=0.650,P=0.027)、是否感染HIV(OR=2.116,P=0.004)等因素有关.艾滋病外在的羞辱和歧视与研究对象的自我效能(OR=0.468,P=0.028)、家庭功能(OR=0.427,P=0.000)、是否感染HIV(OR=3.412,P=0.001)有关.结论 某农村社区HIV/AIDS与其家属在社会环境中均遭受到一定的内在、外在的羞辱和歧视,应采取有针对性的策略和措施,减少并消除这种羞辱和歧视.     

吸毒人群艾滋病关怀模式初探

[目的]探索针对城市中艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人,特别是吸毒人群中的HIV/AIDS关怀支持模式,使该人群及其家庭得到适宜的关怀。[策略与方法]营造昆明市社区减少歧视与耻辱,关怀和支持艾滋病病人的环境,提高吸毒人群对艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)服务的可及性,强化和完善VCT服务;向HIV感染者/AIDS病人及其家属提供医疗、咨询、社会心理支持、自助互助、生产自救等关怀服务;通过HIV感染者组建的自助小组把关怀活动扩展到更多的社区和其他群体的感染者中。[成效与经验]利用自愿戒毒康复机构这一平台有利于接触目标人群,找到工作切入点;在HIV感染者群体中发挥“角色模范”作用,通过培养和激励目标人群充分参与关怀工作可提高艾滋病关怀服务的可及性和可接受性;减少危害和戒毒康复工作能有效支持吸毒人群中的艾滋病关怀工作;健全和完善关怀服务转介网络是有效开展艾滋病关怀工作中应给予重视的问题。     

上海市闵行区娱乐场所女性服务人员艾滋病相关社会歧视调查

[目的]研究娱乐场所女性服务人员对艾滋病歧视态度及影响因素。[方法]采用调查问卷,采用多阶段、整群抽样方法在上海市闵行区选取2个社区,从2个社区中选择22家娱乐场所女性服务人员共125人作为调查对象。[结果]小场所人员、月收入较高者及艾滋病性病（AIDS／STD）知识得分较低者担心自己感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的比例较高。非条件logistic回归分析显示,AIDS／STD知识得分、担心自己感染HIV、年龄、文化程度等因素均与艾滋病歧视得分无关。[结论]本研究对象对艾滋病感染者／艾滋病病人歧视程度低于其他人群。     

河北农村青少年对HIV感染者/AIDS病人接受情况调查

目的了解农村青少年对HIV感染者／AIDS病人的接受情况及影响因素，为制定有针对性的健康教育措施提供依据。方法随机抽取河北省农村15～24岁青少年782人进行问卷调查。结果农村青少年对HIV感染者／AIDS病人正确态度持有率为15．1％，并受到性别、文化程度、是否知晓艾滋病传播途径和是否知晓非传播途径的影响，而未发现其与年龄、是否外出务工、居住地、是否知晓艾滋病一般知识相关。结论农村青少年对HIV感染者／AIDS患者接受程度较低，应针对有关影响因素制定相关的健康教育措施，提高接受程度，减少歧视。     

AIDS家庭中青少年心理卫生问题及其影响因素分析

[目的]探索安徽省艾滋病流行县AIDS家庭中青少年心理卫生问题及其影响因素,为制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]从安徽省6个艾滋病综合防治项目县（萧县、利辛、界首、临泉、濉溪、郎溪）抽取168个AIDS家庭（每户父母双方至少有一方HIV检测阳性）,每个家庭调查1名10～18岁青少年,共调查了168名AIDS家庭中的青少年。使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、多维学生生活满意度量表（MSLSS）、自尊量表（SES）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）、家庭支持量表（PSS-Fa）及一般项目进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析和Logistic回归分析对各组指标进行分析。[结果]AIDS家庭中青少年心理卫生问题总检出率为20.2%,年龄越大检出率越高。积极应对和消极应对得分与SCL-90各因子得分均显著相关。年龄越大、同学朋友关系疏远、消极应对得分越高是AIDS家庭中青少年心理卫生问题的危险因素,积极应对和家庭支持得分越高是AIDS家庭中青少年心理卫生问题的保护因素。AIDS家庭中青少年心理卫生问题主要受积极应对、消极应对、家庭支持和同学朋友关系的影响。[结论]改善AIDS家庭中青少年的应对方式,促进家庭成员间的相互支持,改变农村有关艾滋病歧视现象是促进AIDS家庭中青少年心理健康的重要途径。     

受艾滋病影响儿童家庭功能及其影响因素调查

[目的]了解受艾滋病影响儿童的家庭功能情况并探讨其影响因素,为开展对受艾滋病影响儿童关怀提供基础资料。[方法]采用家庭功能评定量表和家庭基本情况调查表对56名受艾滋病影响儿童和65名非受艾滋病影响儿童进行测定调查。[结果]受艾滋病影响儿童的家庭功能总体均分和沟通、情感介入、行为控制、总的功能等因子评分显著高于非受艾滋病影响儿童(P﹤0.05),Logistic回归分析显示,父母婚姻现状、受歧视感觉与家庭成员健康状况3个变量与家庭功能评分有关(P﹤0.05)。[结论]受艾滋病影响儿童家庭功能状况整体不良,其影响因素包括父母婚姻、受歧视感觉和家庭成员健康状况;应积极倡导开展受艾滋病影响儿童的家庭关怀与支持。     

北京市建筑工地农民工艾滋病知识和态度状况调查

目的调查建筑工地农民工艾滋病知识、态度现状,分析两者关系,为有效开展农民工艾滋病宣传教育提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取建筑工地,通过面对面问卷调查建筑工地农民工有关预防艾滋病的知识和态度。结果调查的818名建筑工地农民工以18～25岁为主,文化程度以初中为主,艾滋病基本知识知晓率在38.3%～91.3%之间,对艾滋病患者态度的认同率在27.0%～66.6%。结论建筑工地农民工对艾滋病知识的掌握还不全面,对艾滋病的歧视严重影响各项艾滋病防治工作的开展,建议加强艾滋病非传播途径知识和反歧视教育。     

Senegalese religious leaders’ perceptions of HIV/AIDS and implications for challenging stigma and discrimination

Senegal has been heralded as a model country in the fight against HIV/AIDS because of the low prevalence in the general population and concerted prevention efforts since the start of the epidemic. Despite its success, stigma and discrimination remain a reality for people living with HIV/AIDS as HIV transmission remains linked to lifestyle and perceived morality. Because religious teaching and the participation of religious leaders in HIV prevention is reported as partially responsible for Senegal's success, the present study seeks to deepen the understanding of their role in psychosocial aspects of care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS. Interviews were conducted with 87 religious leaders. Muslim, Catholic and Protestant leaders differ in their involvement in HIV/AIDS education, their opinions of condom use and their counselling techniques for people living with HIV/AIDS. Most religious leaders in each group believed that addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are priorities, yet some leaders still hold beliefs about HIV/AIDS that may ostracise people living with HIV/AIDS. Organisations working to sensitise religious leaders on HIV/AIDS should focus more on the everyday experience of people living with HIV/AIDS, promote the value of condom use, even if solely among married couples, and reinforce religious leaders’ roles as spiritual counsellors.     

HIV Discrimination and the Health of Women Living with HIV

ABSTRACT

Women living with HIV are especially vulnerable to discrimination because of the stigma associated with the disease, as well as their race, gender and class status. To investigate the association between self-reported HIV discrimination and health outcomes among African-American and white women living with HIV, 366 women living with HIV were recruited from HIV/AIDS clinics in Georgia and Alabama. In this cross-sectional study, participants completed an interview that assessed self-reported HIV discrimination and depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation, self-esteem, stress, quality of life, sexual health and HIV/AIDS related health care seeking. Nearly a sixth of the sample reported experiencing HIV discrimination. Women reporting HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely to have not sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. In race-specific analyses, none of the relationships between HIV discrimination and health outcomes were significant for white women. African-American women who reported HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely not to have sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. The findings indicated that HIV discrimination adversely affects women's mental, sexual and physical health. However, separate race-specific analyses indicated that compared to white women, African-American women were markedly more likely to experience the adverse affects of HIV discrimination. Eradication of HIV discrimination remains an important public health priority.     

HIV discrimination and the health of women living with HIV

Women living with HIV are especially vulnerable to discrimination because of the stigma associated with the disease, as well as their race, gender and class status. To investigate the association between self-reported HIV discrimination and health outcomes among African- American and white women living with HIV, 366 women living with HIV were recruited from HIV/AIDS clinics in Georgia and Alabama. In this cross-sectional study, participants completed an interview that assessed self-reported HIV discrimination and depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation, self-esteem, stress, quality of life, sexual health and HIV/AIDS related health care seeking. Nearly a sixth of the sample reported experiencing HIV discrimination. Women reporting HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely to have not sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. In race-specific analyses, none of the relationships between HIV discrimination and health outcomes were significant for white women. African-American women who reported HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely not to have sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. The findings indicated that HIV discrimination adversely affects women's mental, sexual and physical health. However, separate race-specific analyses indicated that compared to white women, African-American women were markedly more likely to experience the adverse affects of HIV discrimination. Eradication of HIV discrimination remains an important public health priority.     

上海市徐汇区艾滋病防治人员艾滋病歧视状况调查

[目的]了解徐汇区艾滋病防治医务人员对艾滋病毒感染者/患者(PLWHA)的歧视状况,分析影响医务人员歧视态度和行为意愿的因素。[方法]自行设计调查问卷,对徐汇区31家医疗机构133名艾滋病防治医务人员开展问卷调查。[结果]在对待PLWHA态度方面,歧视得分最高项和最低项分别为\