无创正压通气在不气管插管慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭患者中疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气（noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation,NPPV）治疗不气管插管慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）合并急性呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法开展采用NPPV治疗COPD合并急性呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍有气管插管指征、拒绝气管插管患者疗效的前瞻性观察研究。27例COPD伴意识障碍患者为研究组,13例意识清醒患者为对照组,观察NPPV治疗前、治疗4h及72h后的临床症状和血气分析及住院病死率。结果不同程度意识障碍者27例BiPAP无创通气4h后18例（67.7%）好转,无意识障碍患者中92.9%（12/13）BiPAP无创通气治疗成功。结论 NPPV可以有效地逆转选择不插管的COPD合并急性呼吸衰竭。     

无创双水平正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭31例临床应用

目的:研究无创BiPAP机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法:观察63例COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分成两组,无创正压组(常规治疗 无创BiPAP机械通气)分析治疗前后血气指标变化(pH值、PaO2、PaCO2)、以及住院时间、住院费用、气管插管率、病死率。并与同期常规治疗的32例COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭患者进行比较。结果:31例无创正压组患者治疗前与治疗后24小时、72小时血气指标明显改善、住院时间缩短、住院费用降低、气管插管率和病死率降低,与常规治疗组比较有统计学意义。结论:无创BiPAP机械通气是治疗COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭患者的有效方法。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭28例的疗效分析

目的探讨无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法对入选的28例治疗组COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者在常规治疗的基础上行双水平无创正压辅助通气（BiPAP）,对照组在常规治疗的基础上行低流量通气治疗。观察两组通气前后动脉血气分析变化、气管插管率及病死率26例。结果经NPPV通气治疗后,治疗组pH、PaO2、SaO2明显上升,PaCO2明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而对照组治疗前后上述指标无显著变化（P〉0.05）,治疗组气管插管率为21.4%低于对照组的53.8%,病死率分别为3.6%低于对照组的26.9%（P均〈0.05）。结论无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭疗效确切。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的 探讨无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭的价值。方法 对46例COPD合并呼吸衰竭病人中23例采用NPPV治疗者（治疗组）与23例采用常规药物治疗者（对照组）进行比较。观察治疗后2h、48h心率、呼吸频率、动脉血气分析的改善情况，比较气管插管率，病死率、住院时间。结果治疗组同期心率、呼吸频率、动脉血气分析较对照组明显改善，住院时间缩短，气管插管率、病死率明显降低。结论 NPPV是治疗COPD急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭的一种有效方法，可提高氧分压、降低二氧化碳分压，缩短病程及降低插管率、病死率。     

双水平气道正压无创通气对呼吸衰竭病人血气指标的影响

目的：探讨双水平气道正压无创通气（BiPAP)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的治疗价值。方法：表相似的89例COPD病人分为三组，对照组，BiPAP组和气管插管组；分别予相应治疗措施治疗3天后比较三组病人在治疗前后的血气分析指标。结果：治疗前三组病人血气分析指标（PaO2,PaCO2,pH)差异无显著性（P＞0．05），治疗后BiPAP组和气管插管组与治疗比较明显改善（P＜0．05），与对照组比较也明显改善（P＜0．05），插管组血气改善优于BiPAP组（P＜0．05），结论；双水平气道正压无创通气可有效治疗COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭，。     

无创正压通气救治慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭高碳酸血症昏迷的疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）呼吸衰竭昏迷患者的疗效。方法对入选的32例COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者和42例COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭非昏迷患者在常规治疗的基础上行双水平无创正压辅助通气（BiPAP），动态观察治疗前后动脉血气、Glasgow昏迷评分（GCS）、NPPV天数、有效率及不良反应情况。结果昏迷组32例患者中30例经BiPAP通气后好转（2h后意识转清26例，3．8h意识转清3例，24h后完全清醒1例），血气分析指标好转，潮气量、每分通气量增加，通气（9±4）d恢复至稳定期状态，与非昏迷组（7±3）d比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。但昏迷组胃肠胀气的发生率高，较非昏迷组明显增加（80．5％比10．6％，P〉0．05）。两组间成功率没有明显差异（93．75％比97．62％，P〉0．05）。结论昏迷不是NPPV治疗的绝对禁忌证。     

改良GCS≥10分作为有创-无创序贯通气切换点治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭临床观察

目的：探讨以改良格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分（GCS ）≥10分作为有创‐无创序贯通气切换点,指导慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并呼吸衰竭撤机,评价其安全性及疗效。方法选择接受气管插管和机械通气的COPD并呼吸衰竭患者,采用前瞻性对照研究方法,以2012年1月至2014年2月收治的15例为治疗组,早期辅助控制通气,逐步改为同步间歇指令通气（SIM V ）＋压力支持通气（PSV）,待意识障碍改善“改良GCS≥10分”,此时拔除气管插管,改用双水平气道正压（BiPAP）通气,以后逐渐减低PSV水平直至脱离呼吸机,动态观察拔除气管插管前、无创机械通气后2 h血气分析指标及 PSV、呼气末正压（PEEP）水平。以2008年1月至2012年1月收治的12例为对照组,在“改良GCS≥10分”后仍按常规有创通气治疗,以SIM V＋ PSV方式继续撤机,先逐渐降低SIM V频率至5～8次／min ,后减低PSV水平至5～7 cm H2 O ,稳定达2 h后脱机,气管插管内吸氧再稳定2 h后拔管,拔管后如出现呼吸衰竭加重,给予BiPAP通气,以后逐渐减低PSV水平直至脱离呼吸机。观察两组有创机械通气时间、无创机械通气时间、总机械通气时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率、再次气管插管率、病死率及住院天数。结果治疗组拔除气管插管前及采用无创机械通气后2 h血气分析指标及PEEP水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,PSV高于有创机械通气水平（P＜0．05）;治疗组、对照组有创机械通气时间分别为（2．22±2．11）d和（9．17±4．91）d ,P＜0．05;无创机械通气时间分别为（8．18±5．53）和（4．33±3．55）d ,P＜0．05;V A P发生例数分别为1和6例（ P＜0．05）;总机械通气时间、总住院天数、再次气管插率、病死率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论以改良GCS≥10分作为有创‐无创序贯通气切换点治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭能维持较好的通气换气指标,能指导早期拔管,降低VAP发生率,改善COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者治疗效果。     

无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭患者气体交换及转归的影响

为观察无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）呼吸衰竭患者治疗的价值，分别对60例此病患者给予常规治疗和无创正压通气治疗并观察其疗效。入院时将患者随机分成二组：一组常规治疗基础上应用BiPAP经鼻（面）罩机械通气治疗，另一组给予常规治疗。结果显示：两组患者治疗前pH,PaO2,PaCO2,心率（HR），呼吸频率（RR）差异无显著性，治疗后无创通气治疗组患者上述指标改善十分明显，而常规治疗组除PaO2升高明显外，其他均明显改善。患者恶化需气管内插管的百分率无创通气明组明显低于常规治疗组。提示无创正压通气法能明显纠正COPD呼吸衰竭患者血气交换障碍，降低气管内插管常规机械通气的百分率，是治疗COPD呼吸衰竭的有效方法之一。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果

目的：观察无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法：32例COPD合并呼吸衰竭老年患者在常规综合治疗的同时，选用BiPAP呼吸机行无创正压通气，在机械通气前、机械通气后2小时、24小时及通气结束时作血气分析，并观察临床效果。结果：与治疗前相比，无创正压通气后2小时、24小时及治疗结束时，pH值改善（P〈0．05），PaO2上升（P〈0．01），PaCO2下降（P〈0．01）。28例患者好转出院。4例患者因不能耐受鼻（面）罩而改用气管插管治疗。结论：无创正压通气对COPD急性加重合并呼吸衰竭疗效显著，避免了气管插管，减少了呼吸机相关性肺炎。     

无创正压通气联合雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭34例临床观察

目的探讨双水平气道正压通气（bilevelpositiveair way pressure,BiPAP）联合雾化吸入在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭中的应用。方法收集2009年6月-2010年5月COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者34例的资料,均为在双鼻导管吸氧及药物治疗基础上应用万曼呼吸机BiPAP无创正压通气联合雾化吸入治疗,观察患者无创正压通气治疗5d后症状体征改善程度及血气分析变化。结果2组患者呼吸频率、心率、血气分析指标均较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;并且治疗组较对照组改善更明显（P〈0．05）。结论BiPAP无创正压通气联合雾化吸入治疗COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭可有效升高动脉血氧分压、降低二氧化碳分压,改善症状,疗效肯定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.