剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再妊娠分娩方式的临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后产妇再妊娠分娩方式的选择及对母婴的影响。方法对210例剖宫产术后再妊娠产妇分娩方式及母婴并发症的发生进行回顾性分析,并随机抽取同期186例行首次剖宫产产妇和24例非瘢痕子宫分娩初产妇进行对比分析。结果210例剖宫产术后再妊娠产妇37例阴道试产,24例试产成功;剖宫产术后阴道分娩组产后出血量、住院时间、住院费用及腹腔粘连发生率与剖宫产术后阴道分娩组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,新生儿窒息及产褥感染发生率差异无统计学意义;再次剖宫产组腹腔粘连、切口乙级愈合及产后出血率与首次剖宫产组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论瘢痕子宫并不是剖宫产手术的指征,再次行剖宫产致产妇并发症增加,适合试产条件的产妇应提倡阴道试产。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的探讨

目的探讨剖宫产手术后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。方法对剖宫产手术后再次妊娠210例孕妇的分娩方式、分娩结局、母婴并发症及医疗费用进行回顾性分析。结果210例中阴道试产40例,成功27例,成功率67．5％;再次剖宫产183例,手术产率87．14％。剖宫产术后阴道分娩组新生儿窒息、产后出血量、先兆子宫破裂发生率与非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。再次剖宫产组产后出血、腹腔粘连、切1：3乙级愈合发生率与首次剖宫产组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。再次剖宫产组与剖宫产术后阴道分娩组比较产后出血量、住院费用差异均有显著性（P＜0．01）,住院天数差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。结论剖宫产术后再次妊娠,只要条件符合,应给予充分阴道试产的机会。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道分娩可行性分析

目的：探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道分娩的可行性。方法：回顾性分析本院收治的323例具有剖宫产史再次妊娠产妇的临床资料。将剖宫产术后选择经阴道试产组83例与选择再次剖宫产组240例的产后平均出血量、产后出血、新生儿窒息、产褥病、平均住院天数进行比较,并随机抽取同期非疤痕子宫选择经阴道试产组83例进行对照。结果：323例中83例选择阴道试产,占25．70％（83/323）,其中73例试产成功,成功率87．95％（73/83）,试产失败10例,占12．05％（10/83）,再次选择剖宫产240例,占74．30％（240/323）。剖宫产术后选择经阴道试产组与RCS组比较产后出血率、新生儿窒息率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,产后平均出血量差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,平均住院天数差异有显著性意义（P＜0．01）。与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。三组产妇均未并发产褥病。结论：严格把握剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道试产的适应证,严密监护下阴道试产是安全可行的,可比再次剖宫产组明显缩短平均住院天数。     

疤痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式的探讨

目的 探讨疤痕子宫再次妊娠的分娩方式。方法 对2000年5月-2006年5月我院128例剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇的分娩方式、分娩结局及母婴并发症进行回顾性分析，并将其中再次剖宫产（RCS）83例与随机抽取同期首次剖宫产（PCS）83例进行对照；将其中剖宫产术后阴道分娩（VBAC）45例与随机抽取同期非疤痕子宫阴道分娩（VBNC）45例进行对照。结果 128例中62例行阴道试产，45例试产成功，成功率72．58％；RCS83例，手术产率64．84％。VBAC组新生儿窒息、产后出血量、先兆子宫破裂发生率与VBNC组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。RCS组产后出血量、平均住院天数与VBAC组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；RCS组产后出血量、重度粘连，切口乙级愈合发生率与PCS组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论 疤痕子宫再次妊娠分娩并非剖宫产绝对指征，符合试产条件者应给予充分的阴道试产机会。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠158例临床分析

目的：探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠的分娩方式。方法：对1996年1月-2006年12月我院158例剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇的分娩方式、分娩结局及母婴并发症进行回顾性分析，将再次剖宫产115例患者与随机抽样的同期首次剖宫产115例进行对照；将剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道分娩的43例与随机抽取的同期非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩者43例进行对照。结果：158例中，66例进行阴道试产，43例成功阴道分娩，成功率65．2％；再次剖宫产115例，手术产率72．8％。剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道分娩组无新生儿窒息，产后出血及子宫破裂发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。再次剖宫产组产后出血量比剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道分娩组高，平均住院天数长，产后出血、严重粘连、切口愈合不良发生率均较首次剖宫产组高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩并非是剖宫产绝对指征，凡具备试产条件者在严密监护下阴道试产是安全的。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的临床分析

目的：研讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠妇女再次剖宫产和经阴道分娩方式的选择及其临床意义。方法：收集我院生产的产妇资料,筛选其中经剖宫产术再次妊娠的产妇共465例,按其选择的分娩方式将其分为剖宫产组（ n＝340）和阴道分娩组（ n＝125）,比较两种分娩方式下产妇及新生儿的临床结局。结果：剖宫产组产妇产后出血量（289．51±4．37）mL、住院时间（6．95±1．02）d,产后感染发生率12．65％,显著高于阴道试产组的相关指标,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。剖宫产组新生儿体重（3495±511）g,5 min Apgar评分＜710例,新生儿感染率4．71％,与阴道分娩组相关指标无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇在选择分娩方式的时候,在条件允许、严密监控的情况下经阴道试产安全、有效、经济,且能在一定程度上改善产妇的临床结局。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩300例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠的分娩方式。方法对300例剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇的分娩方式、分娩结局及母婴并发症进行回顾分析,并与随机抽取同期首次剖宫产216例进行对照,将其中剖宫产术后阴道分娩80例与随机抽取同期非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩80例进行对照。结果300例中108例阴道试产,80例试产成功,成功率为74.07％。剖宫产术后阴道分娩组无新生几窒息、产后出血量、先兆子宫破裂发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。再次剖宫产术后出血量比剖宫产术后阴道分娩组高,平均住院天数比剖宫产术后经阴道分娩组长,产后出血、严重粘连发生率均较首次剖宫产组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）：结论剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩并非是剖宫产绝对指征,符合试产条件者,严密监护下阴道试产是安全的。     

瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式剖析

目的：对瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式进行分析。方法：选取2009年12月～2013年12月瘢痕子宫再次妊娠患者306例,随机分为2组,试产组152例,进行阴道试产;手术组154例,均进行再次剖宫产手术;对比患者的分娩成功率。结果：试产组成功阴道分娩80例,试产成功率52．63％,其中72例中转剖宫产手术;2组患者新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但试产组剖宫产手术手术时间、术中出血量、产后出血比例明显高于剖产组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。无新生儿和产妇死亡病例。结论：针对瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠分娩,应依据患者的情况进行再次分娩的方法选择,但应选择对产妇和胎儿安全的分娩方式,产妇身体条件较好,在严格观察的情况下,可进行阴道试产。     

瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式与分娩结局的相关性

目的：研究瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的分娩方式及妊娠结局。方法：选取我院2011年10月到2012年lO月瘢痕子宫再次妊娠进行分娩产妇100例为研究对象,其中经阴道分娩34例为阴道分娩组,行剖宫产分娩64例为剖宫产组,分析两组产妇分娩情况及并发症情况。结果：阴道分娩组1min Apgar评分明显高于剖宫产组,差异有明显的统计学意义（P〈0．05）,阴道分娩组术中出血量,新生儿体重,住院时间,住院费用均明显少于剖宫产组,差异均有明显的统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：瘢痕子宫再次妊娠在掌握阴道试产的适应证和禁忌证,严密观察产程的情况下可以进行阴道分娩。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式168例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。方法对本院剖宫产后再次妊娠的168例孕妇分娩方式进行回顾性分析。结果阴道试产38例（试产率21．43％）,阴道分娩33例,试产成功率91．67％;再次剖宫产135例（占80．36％）,其中有剖宫产指征者64例（47．41％）,无指征者71例（52．59％）。再次剖宫产（RCS）组的出血量、平均住院日等与阴道分娩（VBAC）组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论单纯剖宫产史作为再次剖宫产的指征是不合理的,阴道分娩可减少再次手术给患者带来的各种痛苦、并发症和经济负担。如无产科指征,应给予阴道试产的机会。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.