尼古丁对小胶质细胞增殖的影响

目的 观察尼古丁对小胶质细胞增殖的影响.方法 培养的小胶质细胞系(BV-2)中加入不同浓度的尼古丁或尼古丁与粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),用MTT方法检测细胞活性,观察对小胶质细胞数量的影响.结果 尼古丁显著抑制小胶质细胞的数量,并能有效抑制GM-CSF诱导的小胶质细胞数量增多,且存在剂量依赖效应,10μmol/L浓度效果最为显著.结论 尼古丁可抑制小胶质细胞增殖.     

尼古丁对脂多糖诱导的大鼠小胶质细胞激活和白细胞介素6表达的影响

目的:观察尼古丁对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的原代大鼠脑皮层小胶质细胞激活的影响及对细胞因子白细胞介素6(IL-6)表达的影响,探讨尼古丁在PD中的可能作用机制.方法:培养原代大鼠脑皮质胶质细胞,纯化小胶质细胞,用尼古丁预处理30 min,再加入LPS,采用ELISA检测小胶质细胞不同时间点分泌IL-6的水平及免疫细胞化学检...     

吗啡、纳络酮对培养星形胶质细胞谷氨酸摄取功能的影响

目的：探讨不同浓度吗啡及纳洛酮对培养星形胶质细胞摄取谷氨酸功能的影响。方法：分离培养海马星形胶质细胞。传代提纯达98％以上（免疫组化检测GFAP进行鉴定）,通过掺入H^3-谷氨酸进行培养,观察吗啡,纳络酮及吗啡加纳络酮对星形胶质细胞摄取谷氨酸的影响。结果：单独应用吗啡,纳络酮均可增强星形胶质细胞摄取谷氨酸的功能（P＜0．01）,联合应用则对吗啡或纳络酮的谷氨酸提取有抑制作用。结论：吗啡,纳络酮可调节星形质细胞的谷氨酸的提取。     

大黄酚对原代培养小鼠星形胶质细胞谷氨酸代谢的影响?

目的探讨不同浓度大黄酚对原代培养小鼠星形胶质细胞活性及谷氨酸代谢功能的影响。方法原代培养小鼠星形胶质细胞,大黄酚10、20、40、60、80、100、200、250 mg/L处理细胞1、2、3d,MTT法检测大黄酚对星形胶质细胞活性的影响;RT-PCR检测谷氨酸/天门冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)及谷氨酸转运体1(GLT-1)mRNA表达水平。相关试剂盒检测谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果大黄酚可抑制星形胶质细胞活性,可诱导星形胶质细胞GLAST和GLT-1 mRNA表达上调,GSH-Px和GS活性增加,且均具有时间和浓度依赖性。但相似浓度且作用时间相同的大黄酚并不增加细胞的活性,即大黄酚对细胞外谷氨酸浓度的影响并不依赖细胞数量或活性的增加。结论大黄酚可抑制小鼠星形胶质细胞活性,对谷氨酸代谢的调节具有时间和浓度依赖性。     

氯胺酮对谷氨酸诱导大鼠脊髓背角星形胶质细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的:观察氯胺酮对谷氨酸诱导大鼠脊髓背角星形胶质细胞凋亡和胞内游离钙浓度([Ca2+]i)变化的影响。方法:取新生2~3 d W istar大鼠T11~L6脊髓背角星形胶质细胞,原代纯化培养。将细胞随机分为:对照组(C组),谷氨酸组(G组),氯胺酮组(K组),余下3组为谷氨酸+不同浓度氯胺酮组(标记为GK1~GK3组),培养30 m in后取各细胞检测[Ca2+]i,再培养48 h检测星形胶质细胞凋亡率。结果:与C组比较,G组细胞发生了大量凋亡(P<0.01),[Ca2+]i显著升高(P<0.01);与G组比较,GK2组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i明显降低(P<0.05),GK3组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:适量氯胺酮通过抑制细胞内钙超载显著抑制了谷氨酸诱导星形胶质细胞凋亡。     

乙酰葛根素对 Aβ25-35诱导BV-2小胶质细胞形态及 TNF-α的影响

目的：研究乙酰葛根素对Aβ25-35诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞的形态、TNF-α蛋白及基因表达的影响。方法将BV-2小胶质细胞进行培养,用Aβ25-35诱导小胶质细胞建立细胞模型,加入不同浓度的乙酰葛根素,使用倒置相差显微镜观察BV-2小胶质细胞的形态、Western blot 检测TNF-α蛋白表达水平、荧光定量PCR检测TNF-αmRNA表达。结果乙酰葛根素可以抑制Aβ25-35诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞的激活,降低TNF-α蛋白及mR-NA的表达（ P＜0．05）。结论乙酰葛根素对Aβ25-35诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞可以发挥一定的保护作用,本研究为阿尔茨海默病（ AD）的药物治疗提供了实验依据。     

高压氧预处理对离体大鼠脑小胶质细胞产生细胞因子的影响

目的：探讨高压氧对离体小胶质细胞活性的影响。方法：离体培养新生大鼠脑小胶质细胞，分别经3，7，10，14d不同时程及不同压力（0．2和0．35MPa)的高压氧预处理后，观察静息及活化小胶质细胞细胞外液中细胞因子IL－1，TNFα和NO的浓度变化。结果：在活化小胶质细胞，10及14d组小胶质细胞细胞外液IL－1和TNFα降低显著（P＜0．05），而在静息小胶质细胞则无明显改变。结论：一定剂量高压氧预处理抑知化小胶质细胞分泌细胞因子，这可能是高压氧预防和治疗缺血性脑损伤的机制之一。     

异丙酚对谷氨酸诱导大鼠脊髓背角神经元和星形胶质细胞损伤的影响

目的 观察不同浓度异丙酚对谷氨酸诱导大鼠脊髓背角神经元和星形胶质细胞损伤的影响。方法 取出生1～3d Wistar大鼠T12～L5脊髓背角神经元和星形胶质细胞，原代混合培养2周。将细胞随机分为7组（n=9）：正常对照组（C组）加入Hanks液；乳剂对照组（L组）加入乳剂0．2ml／L；谷氨酸组（G组）加入谷氨酸至终浓度100μmol／L；异丙酚组（P组）加入异丙酚至终浓度50μmol／L；CP1，GP2，GP3组先加入谷氨酸至终浓度100μmol／L，30min后分别加入异丙酚至终浓度5，25，50μmol／L。培养24h后取各组细胞上清液检测IL-1β和TNF-α含量，取各组细胞检测MDA含量和SOD活性，流式细胞仪检测神经元和星形胶质细胞凋亡，瑞氏染色观察细胞形态变化。结果 与C组比较，G组和CP1组神经元和星形胶质细胞凋亡增加，未凋亡的星形胶质细胞被激活增生肥大，IL-1β和TNF-α浓度升高（P〈0.01），MDA含量增加，SOD活性显著降低（P〈0．01），两组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。与G组比较，GP2组和GP1组凋亡细胞减少，星形胶质细胞无明显增生肥大，IL-1β和TNF-α浓度降低，MDA含量降低，SOD活性增加（其中GP2组P〈0．05，GP3组P〈0．01）。C组与L组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 异丙酚可显著抑制谷氨酸引起的大鼠脊髓背角神经元和星形胶质细胞的损伤，其抑制程度与剂量有关。     

玻璃离子水门汀氟离子的释放和再吸收及重量减少

观察缺氧及再给氧对体外培养星形胶质细胞存活能力及谷氨酸摄取功能的影响。方法：取生后１～２ｄ新生昆明小鼠大脑皮层进行星形胶质细胞原代培养,培养 １周左右予以缺氧。缺氧时间分别为 １２、２４、４８ ｈ,并取缺氧２４ ｈ后再给氧０、１２、２４、４８ ｈ的细胞观察其形态、死亡细胞数目、乳酸脱氢酶活性及谷氨酸摄取能力的变化。结果：缺氧组及再给氧组星形胶质细胞死亡数较对照组无明显变化,缺氧前、后乳酸脱氢酶活性亦无明显改变,缺氧组谷氨酸摄取功能较对照组下降３０％～６０％,并随缺氧时间延长而明显下降（与对照组相比,Ｐ＜０．０１）,再给氧２４ ｈ内谷氨酸摄取能力有所恢复,但未达正常水平。结论：星形胶质细胞与神经元相比,对缺氧培养液较为耐受,缺氧对星形胶质细胞存活能力无明显影响,但细胞摄取谷氨酸能力有所改变。     

汉黄芩素对小胶质细胞活化和迁移的影响

[目的]观察汉黄芩素对小胶质细胞活化和迁移的影响.[方法]建立小胶质细胞体外培养模型,给予脂多糖(LPS,100μg/L)及不同浓度的汉黄芩素(10,20,30μmol/L)后再培养12 h,采用ELISA法测定分泌到细胞外液中的单核细胞趋化因子(MCP-1)和激活调节正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(RANTES)的含量.采用Transwell细胞培养室检测小胶质细胞的迁移,观察汉黄芩素对MCP-1诱导的小胶质细胞迁移的影响.[结果]LPS高度激活小胶质细胞并使MCP-1和RANTES分泌增加,汉黄芩素明显抑制MCP-1和RANTES的分泌(P<0.05).MCP-1诱导小胶质细胞增加迁移率,而汉黄芩素显著抑制MCP-1诱导的小胶质细胞迁移(P<0.01).[结论]汉黄芩素可抑制小胶质细胞的迁移率,其机制可能与抑制趋化因子MCP-1和RANTES的分泌有关.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.