福建省农村妇女妇幼健康知识与行为调查

为了解农村妇女对妇幼保健服务的理解、知识、态度、行为及健康需求 ,促进并完善社区卫生服务 ,福建省妇幼保健院对 5个县的农村妇女进行了调查。对象和方法1 对象　福建省“社区和家庭健康促进”5个项目县 (福安、周宁、漳平、长汀、诏安县 ) 2岁以下儿童母亲 1 0 0 0名 ,年龄以 2 0～30岁为主 (占 87 6 % ) ;98 3%是汉族 ;文化程度偏低 ,文盲、半文盲占 33 6 %。 87 5 %的母亲自己承担对小孩的喂养、护理和照顾。2 方法　根据卫生部“社区和家庭健康促进”项目统一制定调查方案 ,采用定量调查方法 ,以乡→县距离为分层条件 ,共分 3层 ,…     

福建农村妇女妇幼保健知识及行为调查

福建省妇幼保健院与基层卫生人员于1998年11月对福建省5个项目县的1000名妇女进行了产妇保健和儿童保健调查,结果报告如下.     

Partner Relationships and Injection Sharing Practices among Rural Appalachian Women

BackgroundThe role of relationships in initiating and maintaining women's risk behaviors has been established. However, understanding factors that may underlie partner relationships and women's risky drug use, particularly in rural contexts, is limited. This study is the first to examine the association between injecting partners and women's risky injection practices as a function of relationship power perception.MethodsFemale participants were recruited from three rural jails in the Appalachian region. Women were selected randomly, provided informed consent, and screened for study eligibility criteria. This cross-sectional analysis focuses on women who inject drugs during the year before entering jail (n = 199).Main FindingsApproximately three-quarters (76%) reported having a recent main male sexual partner with a history of injection drug use. Although having a risky partner independently increased the likelihood of women reporting shared injection practices, perceptions of relationship power significantly moderated the effect on shared needle (adjusted odds ratio, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.003–0.23; p = .001) and shared works (adjusted odds ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03–0.95; p = .04) use.ConclusionsThis interaction indicated that, for women who inject drugs with a recent injecting male partner, greater perception of relationship power was associated with a decreased likelihood of shared injection practices. Implications for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed.     

农村妇女艾滋病相关知识健康教育干预效果评价

目的：了解农村妇女艾滋病相关知识以及健康教育干预效果。方法：对湖北省老河口市5．4万农村妇女艾滋病相关知识进行健康教育干预，并以丹江口市作为对照，使用KAP和RAP调查方法进行效果评价。结果：干预前44．5％的农村妇女不知道艾滋病的严重性，46．6％的农村妇女不知道艾滋病是传染病，没有1人知道完整的艾滋病传播途径，81．5％的人不知道艾滋病的预防方法，干预后目标人群艾滋病相关正确知识知晓率有较大提高。结论：当前农村妇女对艾滋病主要相关知识认识较低，某些艾滋病相关知识健康教育干预效果明显。     

Maternal Nutrition and Birth Size among Urban Affluent and Rural Women in India

Background: Varying results of worldwide intervention programs to pregnant mothers necessitate the need to understand the relationship between maternal nutrition and birth size among well nourished and undernourished mothers.

Objective: To examine this relationship among urban affluent mothers and to compare the findings with those on rural Indian mothers.

Subjects: Data collected on urban affluent mothers (n = 236) was compared with rural mothers (n = 633).

Design: Mothers were contacted at 18 ± 2 and 28 ± 2 wk of gestation for anthropometry, dietary intakes [24-hr recall, Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)] and after delivery for neonatal anthropometry.

Results: Despite large differences in nutritional status of urban and rural mothers ( pre-pregnant weight 55.9 ± 9.2 Vs 41.5 ± 5.2 kg, respectively) maternal fat intakes at 18 wk were associated with birth weight (p < 0.05), length (p < 0.01) and triceps skin fold thickness (p < 0.05) of the newborn in urban and rural mothers. Consumption of fruits was associated with birth length (p < 0.05) in urban (18wk) and with birth weight (p < 0.01) and length (p < 0.01) in rural (28wk) mothers, when their energy intakes were low. Maternal consumption of milk too, was associated with newborn's triceps (p < 0.01) in urban (28wk) while with birth weight (p < 0.05) and length (p < 0.05) in rural (18wk) mothers. The findings mainly underscore the importance of consumption of micronutrient rich foods, when energy intakes are limiting during pregnancy, for improving birth size.

Conclusions: Creating nutritional awareness and motivating rural mothers for consuming micronutrient rich foods like green leafy vegetables and seasonal fruits that are easily available in rural areas, will be a much affordable solution for combating the problem of low birth weight rather than waiting for improvement in the existing nationwide programs for pregnant women.     

新疆4405名妇女妇幼卫生保健知识和卫生行为调查分析

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区各族妇女妇幼卫生保健知识、态度和行为，为世行贷款卫Ⅸ项目开展有针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法 采用整群随机分层抽样方法对新疆24个县的新婚、怀孕、哺乳期妇女4450人进行问卷调查。结果 未经培训的人员接生可造成新生儿破伤风和产褥感染知晓率占10．2％；孕妇出现阴道出血必须立即去医院检查知晓率为46．8％，烟酒、农药、重金属、放射性物质对孕妇有害知晓率占30．3％；因食物不洁或喂养不当可造成孩子腹泻知晓率占22．7％；孕妇缺碘会引起早产流产、先天畸形、影响胎儿大脑正常发育知晓率占4．9％。在家分娩率占45．7％；27．6％的产妇由末学过新法接生的家人接生。汉族妇女在县以上医疗机构分娩为67．0％，维族妇女为20．6％。结论 新疆各族新婚、怀孕、哺乳期的妇女卫生知识水平偏低、住院分娩率低，健康教育势在必行。     

台州市椒江区孕妇营养健康教育效果分析

目的了解椒江区初次怀孕妇女的营养知识知晓率和相关食物的摄入频率及干预的方法和效果,评价健康教育在提高孕妇营养知识中的作用,为今后的健康教育工作提供技术依据。方法按照保健卡编号随机挑选20岁～30岁初次怀孕、孕周小于12周的100名孕妇作为研究对象,采用t检验和F检验评价健康教育的效果。结果干预前100名孕妇的问卷总平均得分为17.0分,干预后提高到18.3分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.846,P<0.01)。干预后孕妇营养知识和行为的得分均高于干预前(P<0.05),孕妇摄入牛奶、豆制品等与孕妇及胎儿健康密切相关的食物的频率显著提高,但态度的得分和干预前相比无显著差异。结论对孕妇开展营养知识健康教育干预可以提高她们的相关知识知晓率和摄入与孕妇及胎儿健康密切相关食物的频率。     

农村儿童看护人预防儿童伤害健康教育干预效果评价

目的评价农村儿童看护人预防儿童伤害健康教育的干预效果。方法整群抽取干预县3个乡（镇）,2007年7—8月对所抽取乡（镇）2996名0-6岁儿童看护人开展伤害相关知识及儿童家庭与住宅附近环境安全隐患的基线调查。2007年10月—2010年6月,根据基线调查结果,有针对性地开展健康教育干预活动,2010年7月随机抽取308名0-6岁儿童看护人及对其住宅附近环境开展干预效果调查。结果在伤害相关知识的12个指标中,干预后儿童看护人对其中9个指标正确认知的比例比干预前提高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;在儿童家庭及住宅附近环境安全隐患状况的11个指标中,干预后有10个指标的比例降低,与干预前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对儿童看护人的健康教育干预,可有效提高其对于儿童安全相关知识的知晓率,减少儿童家庭及住宅附近环境的安全隐患。     

Reduced Morbidity Motivated Adoption of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices after Nutrition Education Intervention in Rural Malawi

This study assessed caregivers’ knowledge and practices and factors that influence the adoption of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices after nutrition education in Kasungu and Mzimba districts among 198 caregivers. Mixed-methods convergent-parallel design, including knowledge tests, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews in the intervention areas, was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Data were analyzed using count regression and content analysis, which showed that knowledge increased among caregivers after nutrition education. The knowledge about diet diversification for young children as well as about hygienic practices when preparing food and during feeding improved in addition. Enhanced health among children motivated caregivers to apply improved IYCF practices. The study was based on the caregivers’ reports. Long-term effects of exposure to nutrition education are unknown. However, the nutrition education that focused on the child’s health benefits motivated mothers to adopt improved IYCF practices.     

不同地区已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染及其多水平影响因素分析

目的 了解我国中等发达地区已婚育龄妇女的生殖道感染(RTI)状况、分布及相关影响因素,探讨相应的预防措施和策略.方法 按省、县、乡、村分层整群抽样方法在我国中等发达的9个省市进行抽样,调查样本点全部家庭及20~49岁已婚育龄妇女,了解她们家庭居住和生活状况、个人特征以及生殖健康状况.以对象自报的生殖道感染(RTI)症状为分析指标,进行单因素和多水平logistic回归分析.结果 在被访的12426名妇女中,28.5%过去一年曾出现RTI症状,以外阴瘙痒和阴道异味分泌物报告率最高.农村、年龄偏大、文化程度低、务农、绝育妇女、家庭卫生条件差、个人卫生习惯差的对象RTI发病率较高.不同地区之间,华中、西南地区RTI发病率高于其他地区.结论 农村已婚妇女RTI感染率较高,且不同地区、不同特征妇女存在较大差异.女性RTI防治重点在农村、高龄、文化低、家庭卫生条件差及个人卫生习惯差的对象.     

Impact of Community-Based Nutrition Education on Geophagic Behavior and Dietary Knowledge and Practices among Rural Women in Nakuru Town,Kenya: A Pilot Study

Objective

Geophagia, the deliberate consumption of rocks, soil, or clay, is prevalent in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Health risks associated with this behavior include parasitosis, heavy metal poisoning, nutrient deficiencies, and poor birth outcomes. This pilot study was designed to reduce geophagic practices and improve nutrition among rural Kenyan women.

职业妇女的健康与营养调查

1999年10月－2000年5月，对江门市市区机关、学校、工厂、企业在职妇女进行体力学校与饮食营养的健康调查。随机抽出19－59岁妇女910人，进行问卷调查及体格检查，用3天24小时回顾法评估营养摄入情况并采取小样本抽血作生化指标检验。大量的数据资料表明：我市职业妇女身体健康状况，饲料习惯良好，影响身体健康的四大内科疾病发病率较全国低，但仍需注意食物种类的搭配，提倡食用牛奶及乳制品，以获取全面均衡的营养。     

School Health Promotion: Child Nutrition Programs

Since 1946, with the enactment of the National School Lunch Act, an important and integral part of the comprehensive school health program has been ensuring the nutritional needs of students are met. This article describes the history of the school nutrition program and how it has adapted to meet the needs of today's students. The modern menu is more healthful, foods are prepared with less salt, sugar, and fat, and nutrition education complements food choices. Through collaboration, nutrition education has been integrated into health education and the other elements of the total school health program to better meet students needs.     

Nutrition Practices of Family Child Care Home Providers and Children's Diet Quality

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the diet quality of children aged 2–5 years cared for in family child care homes (FCCHs) with provider adherence to nutrition best practices.DesignCross-sectional analysis.ParticipantsFamily child care home providers (n = 120, 100% female, 67.5% Latinx) and children (n = 370, 51% female, 58% Latinx) enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial.Main Outcome MeasuresData were collected over 2 days at each FCCH. The Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation tool was used to document whether providers exhibited nutrition practices on the basis of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care. Each practice was scored as either present or absent. Children's food intake was observed using Diet Observation at Child Care and analyzed with the Healthy Eating Index–2015.AnalysisMultilevel linear regression models assessed the association between providers exhibiting best practices regarding nutrition and children's diet quality. The model accounted for clustering by FCCH and controlled for provider ethnicity, income level, and multiple comparisons.ResultsChildren in FCCHs in which more of the best practices were implemented had higher diet quality (B = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–1.99; P = 0.03). Specifically, children whose providers promoted autonomous feeding (B = 27.52; 95% CI, 21.02–34.02; P < 0.001) and provided nutrition education (B = 7.76; 95% CI, 3.29–12.23; P = 0.001) had higher total Healthy Eating Index scores.Conclusions and ImplicationsFuture interventions and policies could support FCCH providers in implementing important practices such as autonomy feeding practices, talking informally to children about nutrition, and providing healthful foods and beverages.