常规超声联合剪切波弹性成像多参数权重法鉴别甲状腺结节的临床价值

目的 探讨常规超声联合剪切波弹性成像（SWE）多参数权重法鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的临床价值。方法 选取经病理证实的168例甲状腺结节患者（共175个甲状腺结节），将其随机分为建模组138例（恶性结节103个，良性结节42个）和验证组30例（恶性结节22个，良性结节8个），分析建模组甲状腺良恶性结节常规超声及SWE检查结果的差异；应用二元Logistic回归分析甲状腺良恶性结节的独立危险因素，计算每个独立危险因素的OR值并对其进行赋分，获得每个结节的积分，建立基于常规超声和SWE多参数权重积分的预测模型。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析预测模型鉴别建模组和验证组甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断效能。结果 建模组甲状腺良恶性结节纵横比≥1、实性成分、点状强回声占比及杨氏模量最大值、平均值（Emax、Emean）比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示，预测建模组甲状腺良恶性结节的独立危险因素为纵横比≥1、实性成分、点状强回声及Emax≥38.3 kPa(OR=11.2、9.4、8.5、1.5，均P<0.05)。依据各独立危险因素的OR值建立基于常规超声...     

三维剪切波弹性成像技术在鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节中的应用价值

目的探讨三维剪切波弹性成像（SWE）技术在乳腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值。 方法对2015年8月至2016年6月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的128例乳腺占位性病变女性患者149个乳腺结节行常规超声、二维及三维SWE检查。所有病例均经病理证实。绘制SWE定量参数以及常规二维超声及常规二维超声联合SWE鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线,得出曲线下面积（AUC）并采用Z检验进行比较,得出相应的敏感度、特异度并采用McNemar比较。 结果三维SWE中,灰阶图像上测量的标准差（E_SD^U）和弹性图像上测量的标准差（E_SD^E）鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC分别为0.887和0.909,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三维SWE的E_SD^E鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的特异度高于E_SD^U（90.2% vs 82.6%）,且差异有统计学意义（P=0.023）。二维SWE的E_SD^E鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC大于E_SD^U（0.933 vs 0.908）,且差异有统计学意义（P=0.04）。二维SWE的E_SD^E、E_SD^U与三维SWE的E_SD^E、E_SD^U鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC差异均无统计学意义。常规二维超声联合二维、三维SWE鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC均高于常规二维超声,且差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;除了三维SWE的E_SD^U,其余常规二维超声联合二维、三维SWE鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的特异度均高于常规二维超声,且差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。 结论三维SWE在乳腺良恶性结节的鉴别中显示了良好的诊断效能,其中E_SD^E较E_SD^U具有更高的临床应用价值。     

超声引导下细针穿刺与三种TIRADS联合对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值比较

目的：比较超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查（US-FNAC）与三种TIRADS对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析248个甲状腺结节，并以超声图像按照ACR TI-RADS、Kwak TI-RADS、C-TIRADS分类的方法加以分级，且将手术病理结果作为金标准，比较联合US-FNAC前后C-TIRADS与其他两种方法诊断效能情况。结果：手术后病理检查结果中良性结节113个，恶性甲状腺结节135个；US-FNAC诊断的特异性为77.88%(88/113)，灵敏度为91.11%(123/135)，准确度为85.08%(211/248);C-TIRADS分类越高，其诊断出的恶性率越高（P<0.05）;ACR TI-RADS、Kwak TI-RADS及C-TIRADS最佳截断值各为TR5、4c、4c；与联合US-FNAC前比较，Kwak TI-RADS+US-FNAC、C-TIRADS+US-FNAC诊断的特异度均明显增加（P<0.05）;C-TIRADS+US-FNAC诊断的灵敏度值（97.78%）明显高于ACR TI-RADS+US-FNAC、Kwak TI-RA...     

不同人工智能技术对乳腺BI-RADS 4类结节的诊断价值比较

目的 探讨医准智能软件与超声S-Detect技术对乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4类结节良恶性的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析就诊的462例经常规超声诊断为BI-RADS 4类乳腺结节的患者(495个结节)。患者治疗前均行超声S-Detect技术、医准智能软件检查,以病理结果为金标准,比较超声S-Detect技术、医准智能软件对BI-RADS 4类乳腺结节的诊断效能。结果 495个结节经病理证实恶性结节227个、良性结节268个。S-Detect技术诊断乳腺良恶性结节的灵敏度(SE)、特异度(SP)、准确度(ACC)、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和AUC分别为87.66%、83.21%、85.25%、81.56%、88.84%和0.854,医准智能软件诊断乳腺良恶性结节的SE、SP、ACC、PPV、NPV和AUC分别为95.59%、91.79%、93.54%、90.79%、96.09%和0.937,且SE、SP、ACC、PPV、NPV、AUC与S-Detect技术比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 医准智能软件对乳腺BI-RADS 4类结节良恶性具有...     

剪切波弹性成像对甲状腺结节伴钙化良恶性鉴别诊断价值探讨

目的探讨钙化对剪切波弹性成像（SWE）在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的影响。方法随机选取2013年11月至2014年1月在郑州大学第一附属医院超声诊断中心检查的甲状腺结节患者146例,行前瞻性高频超声检查（每例患者取一处病灶）,记录结节大小、边界、形态、有无包膜、内部回声强弱及均匀程度、后方回声及肿块与周围组织之间的关系等,重点观察内部钙化并将患者分为钙化组（Ⅰ组）和无钙化组（Ⅱ组）。并行实时剪切波弹性成像（记录结节杨氏模量值）,追踪手术病理结果,并以病理结果为金标准,分别绘制Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组SWE诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的受试者操作特性（ROC）曲线,比较ROC曲线下面积（AUC）,确定最佳诊断界点。结果Ⅰ组甲状腺结节良性25例,恶性38例,恶性结节总发生率为60%：其中微钙化组恶性结节发生率为92%（24/26）;粗钙化组恶性结节发生率为38%（14/37）。行SWE,以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,AUC为0.564。Ⅱ组甲状腺结节良性67例,恶性16例。行SWE,以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,杨氏模量值平均值最佳诊断界点为30.43 kPa,对应的敏感度为93.2%,特异度为81.2%,准确性为84.8%,AUC为0.824。结论 SWE对无钙化甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断更有意义。     

剪切波弹性成像和超声造影联合评分鉴别不同大小BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块良恶性的临床价值

目的：探讨剪切波弹性成像（shear wave elastography，SWE）和超声造影（contrast enhanced ultrasound，CEUS）联合评分对不同大小BI-RADS 4 类乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断价值。方法：收集2020年8月—2021年10月在山西医科大学第一医院超声科就诊的158例患者（共167个肿块）常规超声诊断为BI-RADS 4 类的乳腺肿块，分为大肿块组（＞20mm）和小肿块组（≤20mm），均进行SWE和CEUS检查，并分别对每个肿块进行SWE、CEUS单独和联合赋值评分，以病理结果为金标准，构建受试者工作特征曲线（Receiver operating characteristic curve，ROC）评价SWE、CEUS单独及联合评分对两组肿块良恶性的诊断效能。结果：大肿块组SWE/CEUS单独评分的AUC分别为0.786/0.820，诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值（Positive predictive value，PPV）和阴性预测值（Negative predictive value，NPV）分别为：79.5%/81.8%、68.7%/75.0%、76.3%/78.9%、79.5%/81.8%和71.9%/75.0%；SWE单独评分与CEUS单独评分的比较差异无统计学意义（Z=0.537，P＞0.05）；大肿块组联合评分临界值为6.5分时，AUC为0.885，95%置信区间（Confidence interval，CI）为0.791-0.947，诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV分别为88.6%、87.5%、88.2%、88.6%和84.8%，均高于单独评分法，且差异均有统计学意义（Z=2.153、2.287，P均＜0.05)。小肿块组SWE/CEUS单独评分的AUC分别为0.730/0.778，其诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV分别为61.0%/70.7%、68.0%/70.0%、64.8%/69.2%、61.0%/65.1%和68.0%/72.9%；SWE单独评分与CEUS单独评分的比较差异无统计学意义（Z=0.688，P＞0.05）；小肿块组联合评分临界值为5.5分时，AUC为0.868，95%CI为0.781-0.930，诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV分别为:87.8%、84.0%、86.8%、83.7%和89.6%，均高于单独评分法，且差异均有统计学意义（Z=3.040、2.746，P均＜0.05）。结论：SWE和CEUS联合评分对不同大小BI-RADS 4 类乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别具有较高的诊断价值，特别是对于小肿块，适当降低诊断临界值，可明显提高诊断准确性，减少不必要的穿刺活检。     

实时剪切波弹性成像对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断及影响因素分析

目的 探讨剪切波弹性成像(SWE)各参数对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法 应用SWE对拟接受手术或活检的221例甲状腺结节患者(265个结节)进行检查,测量结节的绝对弹性值。以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,得到最优的诊断界点,并以此进行良恶性诊断。根据ROC曲线下面积评价各个SWE参数的诊断价值。同时,分析可能存在的影响因素。结果 265个甲状腺结节中,良性177个,恶性88个。恶性结节的杨氏模量均高于良性结节,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。5个SWE参数(SWE_whole_mean、SWE_whole_min、SWE_mean、SWE_min、SWE_max)诊断结节良恶性的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.793、0.656、0.801、0.796和0.791。SWE_mean的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)面积最大,以最优的诊断界点为39.2 kPa进行良恶性诊断,诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为67.05% 和83.62%。各可能的影响因素中,结节内钙化会使测量到的杨氏模量值增加。SWE与常规超声联合应用的诊断敏感度为86.36%。结论 SWE有助于甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断。     

超声造影及弹性成像技术对超声造影无增强甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影及实时剪切波弹性成像技术（SWE）对超声造影无增强甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。 方法选取2018年1月至2019年6月在解放军总医院行甲状腺结节超声造影检查，病灶呈无增强表现，且病灶均行SWE检查的患者100例，所有患者均经穿刺活检或手术取得病理结果，依据病理结果将患者分为良性组和恶性组。分析比较2组病灶的超声造影特征及弹性模量最大值（Emax）、弹性模量平均值（Emean），并应用四格表和ROC曲线分析超声造影及SWE对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断效能。 结果良性组与恶性组间无增强边界、结节整体完全无增强及Emax、Emean值差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05），边界清晰主要见于良性组，边界不清主要见于恶性组，结节整体完全无增强则全部见于良性组，恶性组的Emax、Emean值均高于良性组。以病理结果为"金标准"，超声造影表现为无增强、边界不清诊断恶性甲状腺结节的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值分别为56%、75%、90%、30%；超声造影表现为整体完全无增强诊断良性甲状腺结节的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值分别为20%、100%、19%、100%。ROC曲线显示，Emax诊断恶性甲状腺结节的曲线下面积为0.696，以Emax>45.0 kPa为截断值时，其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为62.5%、64.3%；Emean诊断恶性甲状腺结节的曲线下面积为0.705，以Emean>47.7 kPa为截断值时，其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为56.3%、94.0%。 结论甲状腺结节超声造影呈无增强时，是否边界清晰及是否整体完全无增强可用于鉴别结节良恶性；SWE对于超声造影无增强甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断具有一定的价值，二者结合应用可指导临床减少不必要的穿刺活检及手术治疗。     

剪切波弹性成像与实时组织弹性成像技术在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的比较剪切波弹性成像（SWE）技术与实时组织弹性成像技术在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2012年2月至2012年12月于中山大学附属第一医院接受甲状腺手术的49例患者共59个甲状腺结节,于术前同一时间分别接受SWE和实时组织弹性成像检查。所有患者均经手术病理证实。59个甲状腺结节中,41个结节为良性,18个结节为恶性。对于SWE技术,绘制受试者操作特性（ROC）曲线得出鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的最佳阈值并进行诊断;对于实时组织弹性成像技术,采取Rago 5分法对甲状腺结节良恶性进行鉴别诊断。以手术病理结果作为金标准,分别计算SWE技术和实时组织弹性成像技术鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果 ROC曲线显示,SWE技术鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的最佳阈值为38.3 k Pa。SWE和实时组织弹性成像技术鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为72.2%（13/18）、85.4%（35/41）、81.4%（48/59）、68.4%（13/19）、87.5%（35/40）和77.8%（14/18）、87.8%（36/41）、84.8%（50/59）、73.7%（14/19）和90.0%（36/40）。实时组织弹性成像技术鉴别诊断直径≤1 cm的甲状腺小结节良恶性的敏感度为87.5%（7/8）,高于SWE技术鉴别诊断直径≤1 cm的甲状腺小结节良恶性的敏感度50.0%（5/5）。SWE技术鉴别诊断直径〉3 cm的甲状腺大结节良恶性的准确性为100%（5/5）,高于实时组织弹性成像技术鉴别诊断直径〉3 cm的甲状腺大结节良恶性的准确性80.0%（4/5）。结论无论是SWE技术还是实时组织弹性成像技术对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断都有很好的应用价值。但SWE技术对于直径〉3 cm的甲状腺大结节良恶性的鉴别诊断有一定的优势,而实时组织弹性成像技术对直径≤1 cm的甲状腺小结     

多模态超声与超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检鉴别C-TIRADS 4类甲状腺良、恶性结节

目的 比较多模态超声与超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸（US-FNAB）活检鉴别中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（C-TIRADS）4类甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。方法 回顾性分析201例甲状腺结节患者共247个甲状腺结节,包括193个恶性、54个良性,以术后病理为金标准,对比多模态超声[联合应用常规超声、剪切波弹性成像（SWE）及超声造影（CEUS）]与US-FNAB鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。结果 常规超声诊断甲状腺恶性结节的敏感度、特异度、准确率、误诊率及漏诊率分别为86.53%、59.26%、80.57%、40.74%及13.47%;SWE分别为78.76%、74.07%、77.73%、25.93%及21.24%;CEUS分别为90.16%、77.78%、87.45%、22.22%及9.84%;多模态超声分别为97.93%、88.89%、95.95%、11.11%及2.07%;US-FNAB分别为89.64%、96.30%、91.09%、3.70%及10.36%。多模态超声鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节的敏感度、特异度、准确率高于,而漏诊率和误诊率低于单一常规超声、SWE及CEUS（P均<0.05）;其敏感度、准确率和误诊率高于,而特异度和漏诊率低于US-FNAB（P均<0.05）。结论 对于鉴别C-TIRADS 4类甲状腺良、恶性结节,多模态超声敏感度、准确率较高但误诊率高,US-FNAB特异度较高但漏诊率高。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.