Annotation: Computers for Learning: Psychological Perspectives

The research literature on the use of computers in support of learning is already vast. In this review, the focus is on children's learning, and on the way in which psychological theories of learning have informed (and, to a lesser extent, been informed by) developments in the field of computer-based learning. Associationist, constructivist, and social-constructivist approaches are explored, and issues of equity, access, and special learning needs are addressed. It is concluded that computers have led to, and will continue to lead to, significant changes in both what and how children learn.     

Hypercalcemia:

ABSTRACT. Although well known in adults the association of hypercalcemia with hyperthyroidism has not been reported in children. We describe how its occurrence in a hyperthyroid child obscured the manifestations of hyperthyroidism and discuss the factors that led to its appearance and regression.     

Rehabilitation:

No abstract available for this article.     

ELECTROGONIOMETRY:

Traditional methods of studying the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) response have generally lacked accuracy and reliability. The stimulus has not been accurately measured in these methods. Electrogonimeters have been developed for research use, which accurately measure both response and stimulus. They are described and pictured with a suggrogoniometers are suggested.     

Annotation: childhood-onset schizophrenia: clinical and treatment issues

BACKGROUND: In the past 10 years, there has been increased research on childhood-onset schizophrenia and clear advances have been achieved. METHOD: This annotation reviews the recent clinical and treatment literature on childhood-onset schizophrenia. RESULTS: There is now strong evidence that the syndrome of childhood-onset schizophrenia exists and there are several similarities between childhood- and later-onset schizophrenia. Schizophrenia in youth can be reliably diagnosed using the same criteria employed with adults, and childhood-onset schizophrenia is predictive of schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adulthood. Data is accumulating to guide pharmacological treatment strategies, and practice parameters have been developed to guide clinical care. CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant advances, there remains an urgent need for additional research on treatment and service delivery strategies. Promising work with adults highlights the importance of attending to psychosocial as well as pharmacologic treatment strategies, and the potential value of preventive interventions.