特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位研究

特发性脊柱侧凸存在多种解剖畸形,对心肺生理功能影响已有较多研究报告。为探讨脊柱侧凸对脊髓生理功能的影响,作者观察了Ｃｏｂｂ角６０°以上特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的变化。临床资料脊柱侧凸患者６８例,男３６例,女３２例,平均年龄１８６岁（１２～３６...     

先天性脊柱侧凸与特发性脊柱侧凸伴发心脏异常对比：438例回顾性分析

目的：对比分析先天性脊柱侧凸（CS）与特发性脊柱侧凸（IS）伴发心脏异常情况。方法：回顾分析2018年1月至2021年1月收治的CS与IS患者的超声心动图及心电图结果。结果：研究共纳入438例患者,CS组164例,IS组274例。CS组伴动脉型肺动脉高压、右房增大及电轴右偏比例高于IS组,CS组平均肺动脉内径大于IS组（P<0.05）。动脉型肺动脉高压在主胸弯患者中的比例高于主腰弯患者;在早发性脊柱侧凸（EOS）中的比例高于非EOS。IS组瓣膜病发病率（28.8%∶20.1%,P=0.043）、二尖瓣对合异常发生率（9.1%∶4.3%,P=0.047）均高于CS组。CS、IS患者先天性心血管病发病率分别为11.0%和6.9%,差异无统计学意义（P=0.141）。结论：IS患者与CS患者先天性心血管病发病率相当。IS患者的瓣膜病发病率高于CS患者。CS患者的动脉型肺动脉高压及其继发的右心改变高于IS患者,且与主胸弯及EOS正相关。     

青少年脊柱侧凸畸形患者超声心动图异常分析:特发性脊柱侧凸与先天性脊柱侧凸的比较

背景:脊柱畸形患者可合并有超声心动图(ultrasonic cardiography,UCG)结果异常,但文献中缺乏特发性脊柱侧凸(idiopathic scoliosis,IS)与先天性脊柱侧凸(congenital scoliosis,CS)患者UCG异常的比较.目的:比较青少年IS患者与CS患者UCG结果异常的发...     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的中枢神经异常

目的 :检查青少年特发性脊柱侧凸 (AIS)患者的后脑及脊髓的结构和功能异常 ,探讨两者间的相关性及与Cobb角的关系。方法 :用MRI探查AIS患者的后脑及脊髓的解剖结构 ,用体感诱发电位 (SEP)检查体感传导通路功能 ,并对两者结果作相关性检验。结果 :MRI见小脑扁桃体脱垂或脊髓空洞和SEP显示体感传导通路功能异常病例在Cobb角 >45°患者中依次占 31%和 2 7 6 % ,而 <45°患者中分别只占 3 7%和 11 9% ,结构异常和功能异常有显著相关性。结论 :对严重脊柱侧凸或合并SEP异常患者应常规行全脊髓MRI检查 ,以便及早发现后脑及脊髓病变     

骨移植在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术的应用研究

[目的]通过不同植骨在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形植骨融合术中的应用比较,探讨其临床应用效果.[方法]回顾性分析2000年～2005年行后路钉-棒系统矫形手术的71例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者,其中自体骨移植21例(A组),同种异体骨移植23例(B组),自体骨混合同种异体骨移植27例(C组),比较随访第3、9、15、36个月的融合率、Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发生率.[结果]A组平均融合节段7个,B组平均融合节段7.6个,C组平均融合节段8个.随访的第3个月,融合率、Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发牛率A组、B组、C组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).第9个月,A组融合率高于B、C两组,A组与B、C组有显著性差异(P＜0.05),B、C组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05),Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发生率A、B、C组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).第15、36个月,融合率、Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发牛率A、B、C组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).[结论]同种异体骨移植、自体骨混合同种异体骨移植与自体骨移植在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形手术中对维持矫形效果可取得相近的近远期临床效果.     

特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的观察

目的:探讨特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的改变与侧凸类型、矫形手段、严重程度等因素的相关性。研究对象与方法:回顾各型脊柱侧凸(共32例)术前及术后X线片,以T_1～S_1椎体的质心连线代表椎管长度,进行测量与比较。结果:术后椎管获得延长的侧凸及手术类型从多到少排列依次有:KingⅢ型(Cobb角>90°)前路松解联合后路矫形内固定;King Ⅱ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅢ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅣ型侧凸后路矫形内固定。术后椎管缩短的侧凸及手术类型有:King Ⅰ型侧凸、KingⅤ型侧凸及胸腰椎双侧凸经后路矫形,胸腰段侧凸前路矫形。结论:并非所有类型的侧凸在矫形术中均可出现椎管的延长。而采用何种矫形方式可能是矫形后椎管是否发生延长的关键。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸治疗研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是指脊柱的一个或数个节段在冠状面上偏离身体中线向侧方弯曲形成一个弧度(国际脊柱侧凸研究学会,Scoliosis Research Society,SRS,认为Cobb角＞10°),通常还伴有脊柱的旋转和矢状面上后凸或前凸的增加或减少的一种脊柱结构性三维畸形.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者骨密度变化的分析

目的 :探 讨青 少年 特 发性 脊柱 侧 凸患 者的 骨 密度 变化 规 律。方 法:应用 双 能 X 线骨 密 度吸 收仪 测 定 101例特 发 性 脊 柱侧 凸 患 者 腰椎 (L2￣L4)和 股 骨 近 端 (股 骨 颈 、大 转 子 、W ard's 三 角 )的 骨 密 度 ,结 合 脊 柱 侧 凸 严 重程度 进行 分 析,并 与 62名 同 年龄 段正 常 青少 年骨 密 度进 行比 较 。结 果:特发 性脊 柱 侧凸 患者 所 测各 部位 的 骨密度均 明显 低 于正 常对 照 组(P<0.05),腰 椎 骨 密 度的 降 低 比 股骨 明 显 ,股 骨 近 端 的三 个 部 位 ,以 W ard's 三 角的 骨密度 降低 尤 为显 著。有 75.2% 的 特发 性脊 柱 侧凸 患者 发生 骨 密度 降低 ,其 中 26.7% 发 生骨 量 减少 , 48.5% 符 合骨质疏 松症 的 诊断 标准 ;但 其骨 密 度的 降低 程 度与 侧凸 严 重程 度无 明 显相 关性 。 结论 :青 少年 特 发性 脊 柱 侧凸 患者存 在着 骨 密度 的降 低 ,其与 侧 凸的 严重 程 度无 关,可能 与 特发 性脊 柱 侧凸 的发 病 机理 有关 。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是指年龄在10¹8岁,冠状面上Cobb角>10°伴有椎体的旋转而无其他器质性病变的一种常见病。该疾病能够导致身体外观畸形、疼痛,甚至心肺功能受损,严重影响了患者的身心健康及生活质量。在治疗上,对于轻中度的AIS患者常用定期观察、支具等保守治疗方法,能够有效的延缓侧凸的进展;对于保守治疗无效,达到手术阈值的AIS患者,则建议手术治疗,目前较为常用的手术方法是以椎弓根螺钉内固定系统为代表的后路椎体融合术,往往能够达到较好的临床疗效。近年来,由于物理治疗性脊柱侧凸特异性运动(PSSE)疗法安全有效,越来越受欢迎。目前对于AIS患者治疗的具体适应证正逐渐完善,治疗理念与技术在不断更新,临床疗效也不断得到改善。本文将从保守治疗和手术治疗两方面展开,主要阐述常用的治疗方法在临床上的进展和应用以及所面临的问题,为临床治疗的选择提供参考。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的选择性融合

手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescentidiopathicscoliosis,AIS）的目的是矫正脊柱畸形、稳定侧凸、重建或保持脊柱的平衡。临床上通常根据冠状面的Cobb角、骨骼发育情况、矢状面变化、椎体旋转程度以及侧凸的自然史来判断是否需手术治疗。一般认为,对处于生长期、Cobb角＞５０°、非手术治疗无效、疼痛、胸椎前凸及伴有明显外观畸形的患儿应选择手术治疗。自１９１４年首例采用脊椎融合术治疗侧凸以来,确定AIS手术合适的融合节段一直是众多学者争论的焦点;AIS手术是否成功有赖于对融合节段的正确选择,选择不当易引起脊柱侧…     

Comparison of somatosensory evoked potentials between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and congenital scoliosis without neural axis abnormalities

Background contextAbnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have been documented in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different cure severity. However, few studies investigated whether abnormal SEPs were the cause or effect of idiopathic scoliosis.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of abnormal SEPs in patients with AIS, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS.Study design/SettingThis study evaluated SEPs in patients with AIS and congenital scoliosis (CS) with similar curve pattern and severity both in coronal and sagittal planes.Patient sampleFemale patients with AIS and CS in our spine surgery center from 2000 to 2009 were recruited for this study.Outcome measuresRate of abnormal SEPs.MethodsPosterior tibial nerve SEPs (PTN-SEPs) were performed on female patients with AIS and CS. The inclusion criteria were patients with AIS with a Lenke type 1 curve and patients with CS with right thoracic curve (apex between T5 and T12) and normal sagittal profile (kyphosis less than 50° measured from T2 to T12). All patients were evaluated with total spine magnetic resonance imaging, and those with neural axis abnormalities were excluded. The patients with neurological deficits on detailed physical examination were also excluded. Absence of SEPs waveforms or prolongation of peak latency or asymmetrical peak latency were defined as pathological change. The incidence of pathological SEPs and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with AIS and patients with CS.ResultsForty-six patients with AIS and 33 patients with CS were included in this study. There was no significant difference in coronal and sagittal Cobb angle between the two groups. The rate of abnormal SEPs was 32.6% (15/46) and 12.1% (4/33) in AIS and CS groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<.05).ConclusionSomatosensory pathway dysfunction could be found in both AIS and CS without neural axis abnormalities, and the patients with AIS tended to have higher rates of somatosensory disorders than patients with CS with similar scoliosis curve, which indicates that both scoliosis curve and primary etiopathogenic factor contribute to the sensory deficit in patients with AIS.     

Predicting intraoperative feasibility of combined TES-mMEP and cSSEP monitoring during scoliosis surgery based on preoperative neurophysiological assessment

Background contextCombined monitoring of muscle motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial electric stimulation (TES-mMEP) and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (cSSEPs) is safe and effective for spinal cord monitoring during scoliosis surgery. However, TES-mMEP/cSSEP is not always feasible. Predictors of feasibility would help to plan the monitoring strategy.PurposeTo identify predictors of the feasibility of TES-mMEP/cSSEP during scoliosis surgery.Study design/settingProspective cohort study in a clinical neurophysiology unit and pediatric orthopedic department of a French university hospital.Patient sampleA total of 103 children aged 2 to 19 years scheduled for scoliosis surgery.Outcome measuresFeasibility rate of intraoperative TES-mMEP/cSSEP monitoring.MethodsAll patients underwent a preoperative neurological evaluation and preoperative mMEP and cSSEP recordings at both legs. For each factor associated with feasibility, we computed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value. A decision tree was designed.ResultsPresence of any of the following factors was associated with 100% feasibility, 100% specificity, and 100% PPV: idiopathic scoliosis, normal preoperative neurological findings, and normal preoperative mMEP and cSSEP recordings. Feasibility was 0% in the eight patients with no recordable mMEPs or cSSEPs during preoperative testing. A decision tree involving three screening steps can be used to identify patients in whom intraoperative TES-mMEP/cSSEP is feasible.ConclusionsPreoperative neurological and neurophysiological assessments are helpful for identifying patients who can be successfully monitored by TES-mMEP/cSSEP during scoliosis surgery.     

对青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者的体感诱发电位检查

本体感觉神经传导异常被认为与青少年特发性脊柱侧弯有关。用体感诱发电位检查在青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者中是否合并存在本体感觉传导通道的功能异常。研究包括147例青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者及31位同年龄分布正常对照。对每一位受试者检查胜后神经体感皮质诱发电位，电信号缺失、传导时间延长或双侧传导时间不对称为本体感觉传导通道结构性异常诊断指标。在脊柱侧弯患者中有7人电信号单或双侧缺失，其余140例脊柱侧弯患者中10例传导时间延长，其中4例双侧延长，6例单侧延长。结果证实，部分青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者同时有本体感觉传导异常，提示青少年特发性脊柱侧弯可进一步分为有本体感觉传导异常及无异常两组。     

Improving successful rate of transcranial electrical motor-evoked potentials monitoring during spinal surgery in young children

Introduction  

This prospective study was to investigate the successful rate of intraoperative motor evoked potentials (MEP) monitoring for children (<12 years old) with congenital scoliosis.     

不同剂量罗库溴铵对椎管减压植骨融合内固定术术中神经电生理监测的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量罗库溴铵对脊柱外科行椎管减压植骨融合内固定术的患者术中神经电生理监测的影响。
方法 择期行椎管减压植骨融合内固定手术的患者63例,男36例,女27例,年龄18～65岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表分为三组,每组21例：A组、B组、C组肌松维持时罗库溴铵泵注剂量分别为6、9、12 μg·kg^-1·min^-1。记录获得基础电位时（T1）、椎弓根螺钉置入前1 min（T2）、椎管减压前1 min（T3）的体感诱发电位（SEP）及运动诱发电位（MEP）的波幅,以及术中意外体动、自主呼吸恢复及舌咬伤等情况。
结果 A组、B组和C组SEP波幅差值差异无统计学意义。与A组比较,B组右上肢T2时MEP波幅与T1时MEP波幅差值明显减小（P<0.05）,右上肢及右下肢T3时MEP波幅与T1时MEP波幅差值明显减小（P<0.05）;C组双上肢T2时MEP波幅与T1时MEP波幅差值明显减小（P<0.05）,双上肢及右下肢T3时MEP波幅与T1时MEP波幅差值明显减小（P<0.05）。与B组比较,C组左上肢T3时MEP波幅与T1时MEP波幅差值明显减小（P<0.05）。A组有5例（24%）在术中出现意外体动,B组、C组无一例意外体动（P<0.05）。A组有1例（5%）出现舌咬伤,B组、C组无一例舌咬伤。三组均未出现自主呼吸恢复的情况。
结论 椎管减压植骨融合内固定术中罗库溴铵最佳维持剂量为9 μg·kg^-1·min^-1。     

三维矫形手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的：回顾分析三维矫形内固定手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）的临床效果。探讨手术相关融合区的选择问题。方法：2001年-2006年在我院行三维矫形内固定手术的AIS患者78例。男27例，女51例，年龄10～18岁，平均15．6岁，其中LenkeI型38例，Lenke Ⅱ型6例，LenkeⅢ型11例．LenkeⅣ型1例，LenkeV型14例，LenkeVI型8例。术前冠状面Cobb角平均560，顶椎偏距平均5．9cm。躯干偏移距离平均2．8cm。根据患者畸形类型和柔韧性选择融合范围。术后及随访时在X线片上测量主弯冠状面的Cobb角、顶椎偏距、躯干偏移距离。结果：术后随访1～5年，平均28个月，冠状面Cobb角平均残留230，矫正率为59％；终末随访平均丢失4．5^o，丢失率为8％；顶椎偏距平均残留2．7cm，矫正率为55％，终末随访时平均丢失0．5cm。丢失率为8．5％；终末随访时躯干偏移距离平均1．4cm。结论：三维矫形内固定手术能有效改善AIS畸形。根据畸形特点选择正确的融合区进行适度的矫正是手术成功的关键。     

Minimal invasive surgery techniques for patients with adolescent idiopathic and early onset scoliosis

ObjectiveProvide an update on minimal invasive surgery (MIS) techniques for surgical management of pediatric spine.MethodsMinimal Invasive surgery for pediatric spine deformity has evolved significantly over the past decade. We include updated information about the surgical management of patients with adolescent idiopathic and Early Onset Scoliosis through MIS techniques. We take into consideration the implementation of this technique in Low-to-Middle Income Countries (LMICs).ResultsAlthough MIS began as a technique in adult and degenerative spine, recent publications on MIS in pediatric spine cases report benefits of decreased blood loss and infection incidence, and cosmetic advantages from fewer incision numbers. Adoption of MIS techniques in pediatric spine can be facilitated with pre- and intraoperative use of pertinent medical systems.ConclusionWith appropriate considerations and training, MIS is a safe procedure for pediatric spine correction surgery and can be applicable in LMICs.     

Lenke 3型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术后身高增长的相关影响因素分析

目的:探讨Lenke 3型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患儿脊柱后路矫形术后身高增长(ΔSH)的相关影响因素。方法:选取2014年1月~2016年6月于我院行脊柱后路矫形手术的女性Lenke 3型AIS患儿90例,年龄15.0±2.6岁。于站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量术前、术后的主弯侧凸Cobb角1(最大侧凸Cobb角)、侧凸Cobb角2(次之侧凸Cobb角)、脊柱高度(spinal height,SH)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)及腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)。应用Pearson相关分析ΔSH与其他参数之间的相关性,应用线性回归探讨ΔSH的相关影响因素。结果:ΔSH为2.9±1.0cm。Pearson相关性分析示ΔSH与术前的侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.000)及TK(P=0.023)均呈显著相关性,与术后的侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.000)、LL(P=0.025)、侧凸Cobb角1变化(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2变化(P=0.000)及TK变化(P=0.032)均呈显著相关性。线性回归分析示ΔSH与侧凸Cobb角1变化(P=0.017)、侧凸Cobb角2变化(P=0.001)均呈显著线性相关(R~2=0.333);另外,ΔSH与术前侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.006)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.007)、术前TK(P=0.038)亦呈显著线性相关(R~2=0.595)。结论:Lenke 3型AIS患儿脊柱后路矫形术后身高增长的相关影响因素包括术前、术后的主弯侧凸Cobb角、术前TK及其术后变化值。主弯Cobb角矫正是Lenke 3型AIS术后身高增加的最主要影响因素。Lenke 3型AIS患儿的术前侧凸Cobb角及术前TK可以较好地预测患儿术后身高恢复情况。     

Restrictive pattern of pulmonary functions in idiopathic and congenital scoliosis following spinal fusion

Summary This paper presents the results of pulmonary function analysis in 141 subjects. Thirty-five of these were patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 36 had congenital scoliosis, and the remaining 70 were age-, sex-, height-, weight- and arm-span-matched normal subjects used as controls for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis had their pulmonary function evaluated pre- and post-operatively. At pre-operative evaluation the mean age was 13.7 years and the mean cobb angle 48°; at post-operative evaluation the figures were 17.1 years and 36° respectively. In the congenital scoliosis group the mean age was 14.5 years and the mean Cobb angle 42°, and pulmonary functions were evaluated at a minimum of 3 years after surgery. The results are as follows: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: (i) Marked disproportion was found in the pulmonary volumes following spinal surgery. After taking growth of the thoracic cage into account, the total lung capacity remained unchanged whilst the vital capacity was significantly reduced and there was a significant increase in residual volume. (ii) This disproportionate increase in residual volume was further confirmed by very highly significantly increased residual volume/vital capacity and residual volume/total lung capacity ratios at post-operative evaluation compared to pre-operative ratios (Mann-Whitney test, P=0.001). (iii) The residual volume was 48% of vital capacity pre-operatively compared to 35% in normal controls. The percentages increased to 70% post-operatively, whilst it was unchanged in the matched controls. Congenital scoliosis: (i) The mean residual volume was markedly increased (154% of predicted value). (ii) Vital capacity was significantly reduced in surgically treated patients (68% of predicted values). (iii) This pattern of reduced vital capacity was more marked in those patients who had multiple thoracic anomalies and were treated surgically (46% of predicted value). However, those patients with multiple thoracic anomalies who did not require surgery did not show such reduction of vital capacity. Comparison between idiopathic and congenital scoliosis: (i) In unoperated patients, the percentages of predicted values of total lung capacity, vital capacity and residual volume were significantly greater in congenital scoliosis than in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. (ii) Post-operatively there was no significant difference in the percentages of predicted values of total lung capacity, vital capacity and residual volume between patients with congenital scoliosis and those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, despite the difference in pathogenesis. These findings have relevance to scoliotic patients treated with spinal fusion with regard to their capability to perform strenuous physical activities.     

右美托咪定对特发性脊柱侧弯矫形术中体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位的影响

目的:研究右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine, Dex）对特发性脊柱侧弯矫形术中体感诱发电位（somatosensory evoked potentials, SEPs）和经颅电刺激运动诱发电位（transcranial electric motor evoked potentials, TCeMEPs）的影响...