飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除术角膜切口的形态学改变

目的：观察飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除术(2.4mm微切口)及传统超声乳化白内障吸除术(2.4mm微切口)角膜切口的形态学的改变,评估两者切口的稳定性。

方法：本研究为前瞻性对照研究。患者89例99眼接受白内障手术,根据术式分为两组：飞秒激光组：飞秒激光超声乳化手术组44例49眼; 角膜刀组：2.4mm白内障超声乳化手术组45例50眼。术后应用OCTA评估角膜切口形态改变。

结果：术后1d飞秒激光组未发现外切口哆开,角膜刀组发生率为10%(P<0.05); 术后1wk,1、3mo两组均未见外切口哆开。术后1wk,1mo飞秒激光组内切口哆开的发生率分别为47%、10%,均低于角膜刀组(术后1wk为68%,1mo为26%)(P<0.05),术后1d,3mo两组无差异。两组各时间点局部后弹力层脱离的发生率均无差异。

结论：飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除术角膜切口早期愈合更好,有效减少早期角膜切口异常构筑的发生。     

Corneal astigmatic outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with surface penetrating arcuate keratotomies

AIM: To evaluate corneal astigmatic outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomies (FAKs) combined with femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) over 12mo follow-up. METHODS: Totally 145 patients with bilateral cataracts and no ocular co-morbidities were recruited to a single-centre, single-masked, prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing two monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. Eyes with corneal astigmatism (CA) of >0.8 dioptres (D) received unpaired, unopened, surface penetrating FAKs at the time of FLACS. Visual acuity, subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography were recorded at 1, 6, and 12mo. Alpins vectoral analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (61 eyes), mean age 68.2±9.6y [standard deviation (SD)], received FAKs. Sixty eyes were available for analysis, except at 12mo when 59 attended. There were no complications due to FAKs. Mean pre-operative CA was 1.13±0.20 D. There was a reduction of astigmatism at all post-operative visits (residual CA 1mo: 0.85±0.42 D, P=0.0001; 6mo: 0.86±0.35 D, P=0001; and 12mo: 0.90±0.39, P=0.0001). Alpins indices remained stable over 12mo. Overall, the cohort was under-corrected at all time points. At 12mo, 61% of eyes were within ±15 degrees of pre-operative astigmatic meridian. CONCLUSION: Unpaired unopened penetrating FAKs combined with on-axis phacoemulsification are safe but minimally effective. CA is largely under-corrected in this cohort using an existing unmodified nomogram. The effect of arcuate keratotomies on CA remained stable over 12mo.     

贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性有效性meta分析

目的 系统评价贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性（AMD）的有效性。方法 计算机检索荷兰医学文摘数据库Embase、美国临床医学期刊全文数据库Ovid、美国国立医学图书馆医学数据库Pubmed、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊数据库。收集国内外公开发表的关于贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗渗出型AMD的随机对照试验。检索时限截止至2013年11月。按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料和进行质量评价。用RevMan 5.2.6软件进行统计分析。比较贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗前与治疗后3、6、12个月渗出型AMD患者的视力和黄斑中心凹厚度。结果 最终纳入5个研究,共1954例渗出型AMD患者。其中,贝伐单抗治疗组967例,雷珠单抗治疗组987例。Meta分析结果显示,贝伐单抗治疗组与雷珠单抗治疗组视力提高值比较,差异无统计学意义［3个月：加权均数差（WMD）=0.32,95%可信区间（CI）为-0.84~1.49,P=0.59;6个月：WMD=0.47,95%CI为-0.67~1.62,P=0.42;12个月：WMD=0.84,95% CI为-0.23~1.90,P=0.12］;贝伐单抗治疗组与雷珠单抗治疗组黄斑中心凹厚度降低值比较,差异无统计学意义（3个月：WMD=6.21,95%CI为-6.23~18.65,P=0.33;6个月：WMD=4.06,95% CI为-6.16~14.27,P=0.44;12个月：WMD=-5.39,95%CI为-14.41~3.63,P=0.24）。结论 贝伐单抗与雷珠单抗治疗渗出型AMD具有相似的治疗效果。     

糖尿病患者白内障术后视功能与术前HbA1c值的相关性研究

目的:探究糖尿病患者白内障术后黄斑区视网膜结构、脉络膜结构及最佳矫正视力与术前HbA1c值的相关性。方法:临床病例对照研究。选择2016-10/2017-12在青岛市市立医院眼科中心符合入组条件的超声乳化白内障患者82例87眼,分为非糖尿病组和糖尿病组。依据术前HbA1c水平,将糖尿病组分为高HbA1c值组(HbA1c>7.0%)和正常HbA1c值组(HbA1c≤7.0%)。其中非糖尿病组(4%≤HbA1c≤6.0%)28例30眼,高HbA1c组28例29眼和正常HbA1c组26例28眼。运用频域光相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)检查各组患者术前1d,术后1d,1wk,1、3mo时黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CST)、黄斑总容积(CV)和黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度(SFCT),采用多因素重复测量方差分析其变化,Pearson相关分析探究其与HbA1c值的相关性;同时比较各组患者术后黄斑水肿(PCME)发生率;进一步分析糖尿病患者HbA1c值与术后最佳矫正视力(CDVA)的关联性。结果:非糖尿病组、高HbA1c组和正常HbA1c组患者白内障术后1wk时CST分别为239.03±11.55、254.38±26.44、247.07±19.51μm,术后1mo时CST分别为241.00±11.15、271.55±61.05、248.64±38.28μm(F=3.001,P=0.048);其中高HbA1c值组和正常HbA1c值组比较有差异(P<0.05),且两组患者术后1wk,1mo时HbA1c值与CST之间在P=0.01水平上呈正相关关系(r术后1wk=0.338,r术后1mo=0.297)。三组患者术后发生PCME分别为0例、5眼(17%)和1眼(4%)。非糖尿病组、高HbA1c组和正常HbA1c组患者术后1wk时CDVA分别为0.07±0.06、0.12±0.10、0.09±0.08,术后1mo时CDVA分别为0.03±0.06、0.11±0.15、0.11±0.09,术后3mo时CDVA分别为0.02±0.04、0.08±0.12、0.06±0.06(F=3.272,P=0.045);其中高HbA1c值组和正常HbA1c值组比较无差异(P>0.05),两组患者HbA1c值与术后1wk,1、3mo(r术后1wk=0.425,r术后1mo=0.235,r术后3mo=0.332)CDVA(LogMAR)在P=0.01水平上两者显著相关且呈正相关关系。三组患者白内障术后CV、SFCT的组间变化趋势大致相同,其变化程度的组间无差异。结论:糖尿病患者术前HbA1c水平与超声乳化白内障术后黄斑区视网膜和脉络膜结构有一定的相关性;术前HbA1c>7.0%的患者术后发生黄斑水肿的风险增加。同时,糖尿病患者术前HbA1c水平与白内障术后最佳矫正视力密切相关;术前HbA1c值越高的患者术后视力提高越欠佳。     

Differences in energy and corneal endothelium between femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgeries: prospective, intraindividual, randomized controlled trial

AIM: To compare intraoperative phacoemulsification parameters and its effect on the corneal endothelium of eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus conventional phacoemulsification (CP) cataract surgery. METHODS: Two hundred eyes from one hundred patients were included in a prospective, non-blinded, randomized, controlled, intraindividual clinical study. One hundred eyes underwent FLACS while their one hundred fellow eyes underwent CP. All surgeries were performed using the Victus® femtosecond laser platform and Infinity® Vision System phacoemulsification machine. Primary outcome measure was endothelial cell density 6mo after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included central corneal thickness (CCT), average cell area, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and hexagonality before surgery and 6mo after surgery and endothelial cell density loss during this period were also evaluated. Intraoperative efficiency parameters [cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), total intraocular surgery time, total ultrasound time, total phacoemulsification time, total torsional energy time, total aspiration time, ultrasound energy, torsional amplitude and fluid required during surgery] were also collated. RESULTS: Data from these patients was not considered for analysis. Data from 92 patients were analysed. Postoperative endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) between groups (2211.88±392.49 CP; 2246.31±403.48 FLACS) was not statistically significant (P=0.869). Total ultrasound time, torsional energy time, CDE and fluid requirements were significantly lower the FLACS group (P<0.05). Other parameters did not show statistically significant difference between FLACS and CP. CONCLUSION: FLACS displays significant improvements in phacoemulsification parameters in comparison to CP. There are no significant differences in corneal endothelium measures between FLACS and CP.     

FLACS-IOL手术对白内障患者术后MIOL的偏移率及视觉质量的影响

目的：探讨飞秒激光辅助超声乳化手术联合人工晶状体植入(FLACS-IOL)对白内障患者术后多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)偏移率及视觉质量的影响。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取我院2021-01/2022-12收治的白内障MIOL植入患者95例108眼，根据患者意愿选择手术方式并分组为FLACS组(51例56眼)，Phaco组(44例52眼)。对比两组手术时间、前囊切开直径、有效超声时间(EPT)、超声乳化能量释放量(CDE)、裸眼远视力(UCDVA)、最佳矫正远视力(BCDVA)、术后3 mo的IOL偏心距离、偏移率及3 mm瞳孔下全眼总高阶像差(HOA)、三叶草差(Trefoil)及彗差(Coma)。

结果：FLACS组手术时间明显短于Phaco组，EPT、CDE均明显低于Phaco组(均P<0.05)； 两组前囊切开直径无差异(P>0.05)。FLACS组UCDVA在术后1 wk，3 mo优于Phaco组(均P<0.05)； 两组术后1 wk，3 mo的UCDVA和术后3 mo的BCDVA比较均有差异(P<0.05)。术后3 mo，FLACS组IOL偏心距离小于Phaco组，偏移率明显低于Phaco组(均P<0.05)。在3 mm瞳孔直径下，两组术后3 mo的全眼HOA、三叶草差及彗差均较术前减少(P<0.05)，FLACS组术后3 mo的全眼HOA、三叶草差与Phaco组比较均有差异(P<0.05)，FLACS组术后3 mo的彗差与Phaco组比较无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：FLACS-IOL手术可有效降低白内障患者术后IOL偏移率，获得更好的视觉质量。     

飞秒激光辅助白内障手术在硬核白内障患者中的应用

目的：分析飞秒激光辅助白内障手术(FLACS)在硬核白内障患者中的应用效果。

方法：回顾性分析我院FLACS(观察组)和传统超声乳化术(对照组)治疗的硬核白内障患者各42例42眼的临床资料。记录两组患者手术情况及术后恢复情况。

结果：观察组平均超声功率、实际及有效超声乳化时间、术后3d角膜水肿程度均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后矫正远视力(CDVA)、裸眼远视力(UCDVA)和角膜内皮细胞丢失率变化情况均为：术后3d>术后1wk>术后1mo,而观察组变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后各时间点角膜内皮细胞密度高于对照组(P<0.05)。

结论：FLACS治疗硬核白内障效果显著。     

Comparing corneal outcome between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phaco surgery in Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy patients: a randomized pilot study with 6mo follow up

AIM: To evaluate the protective mechanisms of piperine in the retina of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS: In in vitro experiments, stimulation by chemical hypoxia was established in ARPE-19 cells. Then, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and pigmented epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels. In in vivo experiments, diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneally injecting 150 mg/kg streptozotocin once. After 3wk of the onset of diabetes, 15 mg/kg piperine was intraperitoneally injected once daily for 1 or 3wk. Then, the retinal morphology and mRNA and protein expression were assessed. RESULTS: In hypoxia, 1-100 μmol/L piperine significantly decreased the expression of VEGFA mRNA and increased the expression of PEDF mRNA without affecting HIF-1α mRNA. Meanwhile, 100 μmol/L piperine substantially decreased the protein level of VEGFA and increased the protein level of PEDF. The HIF-1α protein level was also hampered by piperine. In the retina of diabetic mice, the morphological damage was alleviated by piperine. Likewise, the retinal vascular leakage was substantially decreased by piperine. Further, the protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGFA were significantly reduced by piperine. Moreover, the level of the antiangiogenic factor of PEDF dramatically increased by piperine. CONCLUSION: Piperine may exert protective effects on the retina of mice with diabetes via regulating the pro-antiangiogenic homeostasis composed of HIF-1/VEGFA and PEDF.     

Femtosecond laser capsulotomy versus manual capsulotomy: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To perform a Meta-analysis on the precision and safety of femtosecond laser (FSL) capsulotomy compared with manual continuous curvilinear capsulotomy (CCC). METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, and Clinical Trials.gov that maintained our inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. The effects of morphology of capsulorhexis and the tears of anterior capsule were calculated by using random-effect models. RESULTS: We identified 4 randomized and 7 nonrandomized studies involving 2941 eyes. The diameter of capsulotomy and the rates of anterior capsule tear showed no statistically difference between FSL group and manual group (MD=0.03; 95%CI, -0.03 to 0.09, P=0.31), and (OR=1.40; 95%CI, 0.28 to 6.97, P=0.68) respectively. In terms of the circularity of capsulotomy, FSL group had a more significant advantage than the manual CCC group (MD=0.09; 95%CI, 0.05 to 0.12, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our Meta-analysis shows that FSL can perform a capsulotomy with more precision and higher reliability than manual CCC. The results in diameter of capsulotomy and the rate of anterior capsule tears was no significant difference between FSL and manual CCC groups. However in terms of circularity, the FSL was superior to the manual procedure.     

Comparison of conbercept and ranibizumab for the treatment efficacy of diabetic macular edema: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) and ranibizumab (IVR) in patients with diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Reviewers have searched 12 databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, ScienceDirect, OVID, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, cqVIP, WanFangdata and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to December 28, 2018. RevMan 5.3 (Cochrane Library Software, Oxford, UK) was employed for statistical analysis. Fixed and random effects models were applied to assess heterogeneity. Odds ratio (OR) was applied for dichotomous variables; weighted mean difference (WMD) was applied for continuous variables. The confidence interval (CI) was set at 95%. Central macular thickness (CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were employed to analyze the improvement of DME patients. Inclusion criteria for picking out studies were retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared IVC and IVR for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. RESULTS: Four retrospective studies and five RCTs were included with a total of 609 patients. No statistically significant difference was observed in mean CMT and mean BCVA in the baseline parameters [BCVA (WMD: -0.48; 95%CI: -1.06 to 0.10; P=0.1), CMT (WMD: -0.83; 95%CI: -15.15 to 13.49; P=0.91). No significant difference was found in the improvement of BCVA and adverse event (AE) in IVC group, compared with IVR group after treatment of loading dosage [the 1st month BCVA (WMD: 0.01; 95%CI: -0.26 to 0.27; P=0.96), the 3rd month BCVA (WMD: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.14 to 0.06; P=0.46); the 6th month BCVA (WMD: -0.24; 95%CI: -1.62 to 1.14; P=0.73)], AE (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.38 to 1.84; P=0.66)]. A slight difference was found in the effectiveness rate (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 0.97 to 2.96; P=0.06), There were statistically significant differences between IVC and IVR treatment in terms of CMT [1st month CMT (WMD: -19.88; 95%CI: -27.94 to -11.82; P<0.001), 3rd month CMT (WMD: -23.31; 95%CI: -43.30 to -3.33; P=0.02), 6th month CMT (WMD: -74.74; 95%CI: -106.22 to -43.26; P<0.001)]. CONCLUSION: Pooled evidence suggests that both IVC and IVR are effective in the therapy of diabetic macular edema and affirms that IVC presents superiority over IVR therapy in regard of CMT in patients with diabetic macular edema, but no statistically significant difference with regard to visual improvement. Relevant RCTs with longer-term follow-up are necessary to back up our conclusion.     

The effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality and to compare the difference between ultraviolet-blocking clear intraocular lens (UVB-IOL) and blue-filtering intraocular lens (BF-IOL) implantation. METHODS: Electronic search was performed of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to January 2016. Studies were eligible when they evaluated the sleep quality before and after cataract surgery by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). A random/fixed-effects Meta-analysis was used for the pooled estimate. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. RESULTS: Six studies were selected from 5623 references. Cataract surgery significantly reduced the PSQI scores at postoperative 0-3mo [mean difference (MD) =-0.62, 95%CI: -1.14 to -0.11, P=0.02, I2=66%] and 3-12mo (MD=-0.32, 95%CI: -0.62 to -0.02, P=0.04, I2=0), respectively. Considering different intraocular lens (IOL) implantations, relative post-operative PSQI reduction was found for both UVB-IOL and BF-IOL, but a significant reduction was detected only for UVB-IOL. No significant difference was found with the effect of BF-IOL vs UVB-IOL on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: This study found that cataract surgery significantly improved the PSQI score-derived subjective sleep quality irrespective of the IOL type implanted. These findings highlight a substantial benefit of cataract surgery on systemic health with photoreceptive restoration in addition to visual acuity improvements.     

【In Press】 The effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality and to compare the difference between ultraviolet-blocking clear intraocular lens (UVB-IOL) and blue-filtering intraocular lens (BF-IOL) implantation. METHODS: Electronic search was performed of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to January 2016. Studies were eligible when it they evaluated the sleep quality before and after cataract surgery by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A random /fixed-effects meta-analysis was used for the pooled estimate. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. RESULTS: Six studies were selected from 5623 references. Cataract surgery significantly reduced the PSQI scores at postoperative 0-3mo [mean difference (MD) =-0.62, 95%CI: -1.14 to -0.11, P=0.02, I2=66%] and 3-12mo (MD=-0.32, 95%CI:-0.62 to -0.02, P=0.04, I2=0), respectively. Considering different IOL implantations, relative post-operative PSQI reduction was found for both UVB-IOL and BF-IOL, but a significant reduction was detected only for UVB-IOL. No significant difference was found with the effect of BF-IOL vs UVB-IOL on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: This study found that cataract surgery significantly improved the PSQI score-derived subjective sleep quality irrespective of the intraocular lens type implanted. These findings highlight a substantial benefit of cataract surgery on systemic health with photoreceptive restoration in addition to visual acuity improvements.     

Efficacy and safety of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery with phacoemulsification versus non-penetrating glaucoma surgery: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) plus phacoemulsification (Phaco-NPGS) and NPGS-alone. METHODS: We systematically searched various databases and reviewed studies that had evaluated the effects of Phaco-NPGS or NPGS-alone for patients with glaucoma. Primary outcomes included postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of postoperative antiglaucoma medications. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of complications, incidence of needling or goniopuncture, and surgical success rate. RESULTS: In total, 380 and 424 eyes in NPGS-alone and Phaco-NPGS groups respectively were included. Both postoperative IOP and number of medications were significantly lowered in the Phaco-NPGS group than that in the NPDS-alone group [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.11 to -0.12, P=0.03; WMD= -0.31, 95%CI: -0.53 to -0.09, P=0.006]. Moreover, Phaco-NPGS had a significantly lower prevalence of complications and postoperative procedures compared to NPGS-alone, while no significant difference existed for surgical success. CONCLUSION: Phaco-NPGS superior to NPGS-alone in the reduction of IOP and medications. Phaco-NPGS can be recommended for glaucoma patients with coexisting cataracts owing to its superior efficacy, fewer complications, and postoperative procedures.     

飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化术治疗浅前房白内障的临床观察

目的:探讨飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化术(FLACS)治疗合并浅前房白内障的临床效果。方法:前瞻性研究。选取我院2020-11/2021-02收治合并浅前房的白内障患者55例60眼,根据患者意愿选择手术方式并进行分组,接受FLACS的患者为FLACS组,共28例30眼,接受传统白内障超声乳化术(Phaco)的患者为Phaco组,共27例30眼。对患者术前一般情况,术中超声乳化能量释放量(CDE)、有效超声时间(EPT),术后裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、内皮细胞丢失率(ECL)、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、并发症情况进行比较分析。结果:两组患者术前一般资料比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后1d,1wk,1mo的UCVA及术后1wk,1mo的BCVA均优于术前,且FLACS组术后1d UCVA优于Phaco组(P<0.05)。术中CDE、EPT,术后1wk,1mo ECL及术后1d,1wk角膜水肿发生率FLACS组均低于Phaco组(均P<0.05)。两组CMT组内比较及各时期组间比较均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:FLACS治疗浅前房白内障安全、有效,可显著降低术后内皮细胞丢失率、快速恢复视力、减少并发症的发生,且对黄斑无明显影响。     

角膜塑形镜对高度近视患者矫正效果的Meta分析

目的：：系统评价高度近视患者配戴角膜塑形镜1 wk~1 a后视力及屈光度的变化。方法：计算机检索 PubMed、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、VIP 和WanFang Data,并辅以手工检索、因特网搜索的相关文献,检索时限均从建库至2015-09,文种限中、英文。资料提取和纳入研究的方法学质量评价后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：最终纳入6篇文献,共909眼。 Meta分析结果显示：与配戴角膜塑形镜前比较,配戴角膜塑形镜1wk,1、3、6mo,1a后,视力得到一定程度改善[1wk：MD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.55,-0.14),P=0.001;1mo：MD=-0.50,95%CI(-0.69,-0.30),P<0.01;3mo：MD=-0.54,95%CI(-0.70,-0.37),P<0.01;6mo：MD=-0.49,95%CI(-0.50,-0.47),P<0.01;1a：MD=-0.46,95%CI(-0.64,-0.29),P<0.01]。屈光度也得到有效的控制[1a：MD=1.10,95%CI(-0.73,2.93),P=0.24]。结论：角膜塑形镜是矫正高度近视和控制高度近视发展的有效方法之一,但长期疗效仍需进一步随访证实。     

Twenty-four hours intraocular pressure in keratoconic eyes assessed by applanation tonometry and Tono-Pen AVIA

AIM: To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) during the daily curve of intraocular pressure (DCPo) in keratoconic eyes and compare Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), without and with astigmatism correction (nGAT and cGAT) and Tono-Pen AVIA (TPA) assessment methods. METHODS: Thirty-nine keratoconic eyes of 24 patients were assessed. DCPo was evaluated with five IOP measurements; four were performed with a GAT (nGAT and cGAT), and a Tono-Pen AVIA (TPA) at various times throughout the day. RESULTS: Mean IOP DCPo values (mm Hg) were: nGAT, 9.9±2.6; cGAT, 11.3±2.6; TPA 12.3±3.1. Mean IOP DCPo differences (mm Hg) and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were as follows: cGATc-nGAT, 1.32±1.31, rs=0.879 (P<0.01); cGAT-TPA, -1.02±2.08, rs=0.723 (P<0.01); and nGAT-TPA, -2.35±2.23, rs=0.730 (P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis for agreement between cGAT-TPA and nGAT-TPA mean IOP DCPo measurements revealed a mean difference of 1.02 (95%CI, 0.35-1.70) and 2.35 (95%CI, 1.62-3.07) mm Hg, respectively. Regression analysis yielded the following equation: TPA IOP=5.49+0.775×cGAT-0.015×ACD-0.299×corneal astig matism, which allowed us to infer TPA IOP values from other parameters. CONCLUSION: In keratoconic eyes, IOP peaks of DCPo measurements are identified at 6 a.m., independent of the tonometer. The mean DCPo values are: TPA>cGAT>nGAT. IOP TPA measures are predictive of cGAT values, adjusted according to anterior chamber depth and corneal astigmatism.     

Effect of prostaglandin analogues on central corneal thickness in patients with glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin analogues (PGA) on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with glaucoma. Key electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the CCT effects of prostaglandin use for glaucoma. Primary outcome measures were the mean difference in the CCT measurement from baseline to the last available assessment. Intraocular pressure and other corneal changes were recorded as secondary. Efficacy estimates were measured by their weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI’s) by using the random-effects model for primary and secondary outcomes Trial sequential analysis was used to determine if the current evidence was sufficient and conclusive. Eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria. A total of 879 patients were included. The overall effect showed that PGA’s had a significant CCT lowering effect (WMD = −7.04, 95%CI: −10.07 to −4.00, P < 0.00001). We pooled results of 5 RCT’s on Travoprost (WMD = −10.44, 95%CI: −16.80 to −4.08, P = 0.001), seven trials on Latanoprost (WMD = −4.73, 95% CI: −9.70 to 0.25, P = 0.06), and three trials on Bimatoprost (WMD = −11.88, 95%CI: −21.03 to −2.73, P = 0.01). The WMD across groups in >6 months of PGA use was −11.37 (95%CI: −17.17 to −5.58, P = 0.0001), and in <6 months of PGAs group was −8.35 (95% CI: −12.01 to −4.69, P < 0.00001), suggesting a longitudinal effect of PGAs on CCT. In conclusion, Bimatoprost and Travoprost caused a statistically significant reduction in the thickness of central cornea. Though only a few studies were included, the narrow confidence intervals and adequate sample size suggest that these findings are valid.     

Comparing the intraoperative complication rate of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery to traditional phacoemulsification

AIM: To compare the complication rate of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and traditional phacoemulsification for the first 18mo of FLACS use at a private surgical center in Hawaii. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted from January 2012 to June 2013. The first 273 consecutive eyes receiving FLACS and 553 eyes receiving traditional phacoemulsification were examined. All surgeries were performed at a single surgical center in Hawaii. The presence of intraoperative complications was used as the main outcome measure. Approval was obtained from the institutional review board of the University of Hawaii. RESULTS: The overall complication rate for FLACS was 1.8%, while that of the traditional procedure was 5.8% (P<0.05). A majority of the surgeons (80%) had a lower complication rate while using FLACS. CONCLUSION: FLACS is comparable in safety, if not safer, than traditional cataract surgery when performed by qualified cataract surgeons on carefully selected patients.     

Risk factors for endophthalmitis following cataract surgery-our experience at a tertiary eye care centre in India

AIM: To determine the risk factors for acute endophthalmitis after cataract extraction in a tertiary care centre in India. METHODS: We performed a nested case control study within a retrospective cohort. The surgical records of all patients with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis within one month after cataract surgery, performed between January 2006 and December 2009, were reviewed. These were compared with randomly selected age and gender-matched controls, from patients having routine cataract surgery within ±1wk of the endophthalmitis case. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to identify risk factors for endophthalmitis. RESULTS: Of the total 33 856 cataract surgeries performed during this period, there were 57 cases of postoperative acute endophthalmitis that met our study criteria. Thus, the overall incidence of endophthalmitis in our cohort was 1.6 per 1000 cataract extractions performed. Mean age of cases was 55.9y (SD: 10.9y) and for controls was 55.6y (SD: 9.8y). Thirty-five cases (61.4%) and 133 controls (59.6%) were males. Median time of onset of endophthalmitis was 4d (IQR 2-9d; range: 1-30d). Thirty-nine cases (68.4%) presented within 7d and 27 cases (47.4%) were culture positive. Two hundred and twenty-three age and gender matched controls were selected. In multivariate analysis, endophthalmitis was associated with posterior capsular rupture (PCR) during surgery (OR 6.98, 95%CI: 2.22-21.98), phacoemulsification via scleral incision with a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (OR 3.02, 95%CI: 1.13-8.04) and ocular co-morbidity (OR 2.32, 95%CI: 1.11-4.87). CONCLUSION: PCR, presence of ocular co-morbidity, and phacoemulsification via scleral incision with foldable-IOL were found to be independent risk factors for acute endophthalmitis.     

Laser therapy versus intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents in monotherapy of ROP:a Meta-analysis

AIM:To compare the efficacy and safety between laser therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)agents intravitreal injection monotherapy in type-1 retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP).METHODS:A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase for original comparable studies.We included studies that compare laser therapy and intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents monotherapy in ROP regardless of languages and publication types.RESULTS:Complication incidence was significantly higher in laser therapy group(OR:0.38;95%CI:0.19-0.75;P=0.005).Spherical equivalent(SE)was higher in laser therapy[weighted mean difference(WMD):2.40,95%CI:0.88-3.93;P=0.002].The time between treatment and retreatment was longer in laser therapy group(WMD:8.45,95%CI:5.35-11.55;P<0.00001).Recurrence incidence(OR:0.97;95%CI:0.45-2.09;P=0.93)and retreatment incidence(OR:1.24;95%CI:0.56-2.73;P=0.59)were similar in two approaches.Subgroup analysis between type-1 ROP and APROP was not significant except SE reported in the included studies(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:This Meta-analysis outcome indicates anti-VEGF agents are as effective as laser treatment,and safer than laser in type-1 ROP and APROP.The degree of myopia in APROP is higher than type-1 ROP.More randomized controlled trials in large sample size should be conducted in the future.