蟾酥的临床应用

目的：综合分析天然中药蟾酥在临床中的应用及其进展概况。资料来源：应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1989-01／2005-12有关蟾酥及其临床应用方面的文章。限定文章语言种类为中文。检索词“蟾酥，临床应用”。资料选择：对所有资料进行初审。选取蟾酥临床应用及其进展方面的相关文献，筛除基础研究文献。对剩余的文献查找全文，分析、总结研究内容。资料提炼：共收集到相关文献397篇，其中研究性文章299篇，79篇符合纳入标准，其中16篇有关蟾酥临床应用及进展方面的文献用于综述。资料综合：蟾酥具有多方面药理作用，在临床上被广泛应用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤、慢性乙型肝炎、急慢性呼吸道感染、心脏病、恶性血液病、顽固性呃逆、肉芽肿性唇炎和顽固性皮肤病等方面，还可以用于局部麻醉、表面麻醉等。结论：作为中国传统的天然药物，蟾酥在临床应用上已拥有多方面用途，随着现代生物技术发展，蟾酥的开发利用将会具有广阔的前景。     

莒南蟾酥与蟾酥掺伪的鉴别

蟾酥又名蟾蜍眉脂、蛤蟆酥、蛤蟆浆等。来源于脊索动物门两栖纲蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍（BufobufogargavizansCantor）或黑眶蟾蜍（BufomelanostictusSchneider）的耳后腺及皮肤腺所分泌的白色浆液，经加工而成。蟾酥性温，味甘、辛，有毒。功用解毒肿，通窍，止痛。主治疗疮。痈疬，咽喉肿痛等。近几年，有临床报道用于治疗心力衰竭，恶性肿瘤等病症。     

华蟾素注射液治疗老年晚期恶性肿瘤疗效观察

目的:观察华蟾素注射液治疗老年晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效.方法:将68例老年晚期恶性肿瘤患者随机分为治疗组36例,对照组32例,常规对症、支持治疗,治疗组给予华蟾素注射液静脉滴注.观察两组瘤体近期疗效、Karnofsky评分及体重.结果:治疗组与对照组近期疗效无统计学差异(P>0.05),Karnofsky评分及体重明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:华蟾素注射液可以改善老年晚期肿瘤的生活质量,安全性较好.     

华蟾素注射液联合含奥沙利铂方案肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌临床疗效观察

目的探讨华蟾素注射液联合含奥沙利铂方案肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗晚期原发性肝癌的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法将51例肝癌患者随机分为两组,联合治疗组(华蟾素注射液联合含奥沙利铂方案TACE)26例,对照组(含奥沙利铂方案TACE)25例。观察患者治疗前后临床主要症状的变化。结果联合治疗组与对照组有效率分别为65.4%和64.0%(P>0.05);联合治疗组和对照组中位疾病进展时间(TTP)分别为6.5个月和6.0个月,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),中位总生存期(OS)分别为13个月和12个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后联合治疗组与对照组间血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合治疗组患者的体力状况改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后不良反应发生率无差异,两组间常见毒副反应均为转氨酶升高、发热,不良反应均可耐受。结论华蟾素注射液联合含奥沙利铂方案TACE可作为中晚期肝癌安全有效的治疗方法。     

微波ELISA法快速检测乙肝病毒5项标志物的实验研究及临床应用

微波辐射技术应用于乙肝病毒５项标志物ＥＬＩＳＡ法的检测是一种全新的尝试。作者选用家用微波炉２０％的输出功率，用微波辐射４ｍｉｎ和３ｍｉｎ分别代替ＥＬＩＳＡ反应时间３７℃６０ｍｉｎ和显色时间３７℃１５ｍｉｎ，提高效率１０倍。     

鼻咽癌放疗配合使用华蟾素治疗作用的观察

目的:观察华蟾素在配合鼻咽癌放疗中的治疗作用。方法:156例首诊为鼻咽癌患者随机分为华蟾素治疗组80例及一般治疗组76例,两组均行常规放疗,华蟾素治疗组在放疗的基础上加用华蟾素20 ml静滴,1次/d,连续使用1个月以上。结果:华蟾素治疗组在50 Gy及70 Gy时,肿瘤消退率分别为65.0%和85.0%,而一般治疗组为42.1%和65.8%,两组相比较,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义。结论:鼻咽癌放疗配合使用华蟾素,能取得较好疗效。     

HGV,HBV合并感染与单纯HGV感染者临床症状与肝功能异常比较

庚肝病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染的病人同时合并有乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者病人出现肝功能异常和病程的延长是两种病毒同时作用的结果或是合并感染后机体免疫系统的变化尚缺病毒资料证实。本文只作两种不同病人临床症状和肝功能异常的比较     

HGV,HBV合并感染与单纯HGV感染者临床症状与肝功能异常比较

庚肝病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染的病人同时合并有乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者病人出现肝功能异常和病程的延长是两种病毒同时作用的结果或是合并感染后机体免疫系统的变化尚缺病毒资料证实。本文只作两种不同病人临床症状和肝功能异常的比较     

Clinical application of enoxaparin

Low-molecular-weight heparins have several important advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH). Due to a longer plasma half life together with high bioavailability and a linear dose-response relationship, the drugs can be safely and effectively administered in the hospital or ambulatory settings without the need to monitor the anticoagulant effect. Enoxaparin (Lovenox), Aventis Pharma) is a low-molecular-weight heparin which has been studied in a variety of clinical situations. In general surgery the efficacy of enoxaparin to prevent venous thromboembolism is similar to UFH but the tolerability is better. In patients undergoing cancer, orthopedic or vascular surgery the efficacy of enoxaparin is significantly higher with similar rates of bleeding complications. The database for enoxaparin in nonsurgical patients is smaller compared with surgical groups. There is evidence that the efficacy of enoxaparin may be superior to UFH in patients with severe cardiac disease. Efficacy and safety of UFH and enoxaparin are similar for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. However, enoxaparin can be safely administered by the patients at home which is not possible with UFH. In patients with acute coronary syndromes, enoxaparin has been shown to reduce the rate of deaths and serious cardiac events in comparison with UFH. Furthermore, exonaparin treatment has been shown to be cost-effective, and therefore is the therapy of choice in this setting. In addition, enoxaparin has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to the combination of UFH and phenprocoumone therapy in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation.     

痰热清的临床应用

痰热清注射液具有退热、祛痰、抗炎、抗病毒等功效。自2003年临床应用以来，疗效渐被证实，并得到广泛应用。我院2005年3月至2006年5月对25例大容量全肺灌洗术后发热的尘肺患者应用痰热清治疗，取得良好疗效，现报告如下。     

腺苷蛋氨酸的临床应用

腺苷蛋氨酸 (S—adenosyl—L—metionine ,简称SAMe)是存在于各种生物体内的天然物质 ,主要作为甲基供体参与各种酶促转甲基过程 ,并通过转巯基通路 ,作为合成牛磺酸、半胱氨酸及谷胱甘肽的前体。药用SAMe由德国基诺药厂首先生产 (商品名 :思美泰 )并应用于临床 ,目前在意大利、西班牙、俄罗斯、法国等国作为肝病、胰腺炎和抗抑郁药等应用于临床。我国完全依赖于进口且金额较大 ,在 2 10个进口药品中排列 4 9位。本文就其临床应用综述如下。1　防治肝脏疾病1 1　黄疸型病毒性肝炎　张经良等[1 ] 观察了SAMe治疗黄疸型病毒性肝炎的疗效…     

静舒氧的临床应用

介绍了静舒氧的容氧原理、对机体的氧疗作用、临床应用的范围．提出在使用静舒氧仪输液时应注意输液速度与氧浓度的关系，氧疗时间及量与氧浓度的关系，避免发生氧中毒。     

Clinical application of enoxaparin

Low-molecular-weight heparins have several important advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH). Due to a longer plasma half life together with high bioavailability and a linear dose–response relationship, the drugs can be safely and effectively administered in the hospital or ambulatory settings without the need to monitor the anticoagulant effect. Enoxaparin (Lovenox^®, Aventis Pharma) is a low-molecular-weight heparin which has been studied in a variety of clinical situations. In general surgery the efficacy of enoxaparin to prevent venous thromboembolism is similar to UFH but the tolerability is better. In patients undergoing cancer, orthopedic or vascular surgery the efficacy of enoxaparin is significantly higher with similar rates of bleeding complications. The database for enoxaparin in nonsurgical patients is smaller compared with surgical groups. There is evidence that the efficacy of enoxaparin may be superior to UFH in patients with severe cardiac disease. Efficacy and safety of UFH and enoxaparin are similar for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. However, enoxaparin can be safely administered by the patients at home which is not possible with UFH. In patients with acute coronary syndromes, enoxaparin has been shown to reduce the rate of deaths and serious cardiac events in comparison with UFH. Furthermore, exonaparin treatment has been shown to be cost-effective, and therefore is the therapy of choice in this setting. In addition, enoxaparin has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to the combination of UFH and phenprocoumone therapy in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation.     

神经内窥镜的临床应用

目的 介绍神经内窥镜在神经外科疾病中的应用，分析内窥镜技术的手术技巧和并发症的预防；方法 2000年3月至2003年6月施行内窥镜手术67例，应用于梗阻性脑积水、颅内蛛网膜囊肿、三脑室胶样囊肿、脑内囊虫病和分流管脑室段堵塞等，分别施行三脑室底造瘘术、囊肿脑池造瘘术、囊肿切除术等。结果 临床有效率86．7％，术中出血7例，死亡1例(1．5％)。结论 神经内窥镜已成为某些神经外科疾病的首选治疗方案，但应严格掌握手术适应证和有效预防并发症。