噪声损伤后豚鼠耳蜗核复合体一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的变化

目的 :探讨噪声对豚鼠耳蜗核复合体 (CNC)内一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)阳性神经元数目和面积的影响。方法 :采用依赖还原型辅酶II的尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶 (NADPH d)组织化学方法 ,观察正常组和噪声损伤组 (噪声损伤后 1d ,1周 ,4周 )CNC内NOS阳性神经元数目和面积的变化。结果 :与正常组相比 ,噪声损伤后 1d至 4周 ,CNC内NOS阳性神经元数目逐渐增多 ;噪声损伤后 1dNOS阳性神经元面积急剧缩小 ,噪声损伤后 1～ 4周NOS阳性神经元面积逐渐升高并超过正常水平。与正常组比较 ,噪声损伤后 1d ,1周 ,4周组 ,NOS阳性神经元面积和数目差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,噪声损伤后 1d ,1周 ,4周 3组之间差异亦有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :在噪声损伤后 ,NO释放增多 ,对听觉核团有复杂的调节作用     

噪声损伤后豚鼠耳蜗核复合体－氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的变化

目的：探讨噪声对豚鼠耳蜗核复合体(CNC)内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元数目和面积的影响。方法：采用依赖还原型辅酶Ⅱ的尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶(NADPH-d)组织化学方法,观察正常组和噪声损伤组(噪声损伤后1 d,1周,4周)CNC内NOS阳性神经元数目和面积的变化。结果：与正常组相比,噪声损伤后1d至4周,CNC内NOS阳性神经元数目逐渐增多;噪声损伤后1d NOS阳性神经元面积急剧缩小,噪声损伤后1～4周NOS阳性神经元面积逐渐升高并超过正常水平。与正常组比较,噪声损伤后1 d,1周,4周组,NOS阳性神经元面积和数目差异有显著性(P＜0.05),噪声损伤后1 d,l周,4周3组之间差异亦有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论：在噪声损伤后,NO释放增多,对听觉核团有复杂的调节作用。     

老年性白内障晶状体NO和NOS的生化研究

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (nitricoxide ,NO)及NO合成酶 (nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)与老年性白内障发病之间的相关性。方法　用化学比色法分别测定老年性白内障 (30例 )和正常晶状体 (15例 )中NO和NOS的含量。结果　正常晶状体中NO平均含量为 (5 3.33± 13.335 ) μmol/L ,NOS的平均含量为 (0 .0 6 0± 0 .0 2 6 )u/mg蛋白 ,老年性白内障晶状体中NO和NOS的含量明显升高。结论　NO和NOS的含量增高与老年性白内障的发病有关 ,高浓度的NO可对晶状体产生很强的氧化损害。     

再障性和缺铁性贫血患者血清NO及NOS的临床意义

目的 :研究一氧化氮 (NO)及一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)在再生障碍性贫血 (AA)和缺铁性贫血 (IDA)中的临床意义。方法 :利用硝酸还原酶特异地将NO3- 还原为NO2 - ,通过显色测定NO的浓度 ;利用NOS催化L 精氨酸生成NO ,NO与亲核性物质生成有色化合物 ,在特定波长 (5 30nm)下测定吸光度大小 ,计算NOS活性。结果 :AA患者血清NO浓度 (96 .9± 13.9) μmol L高于正常对照组 (76 .9± 2 0 .3) μmol L ;IDA患者血清NO浓度 (98.35± 11.86 ) μmol L高于正常对照组 (76 .9±2 0 .3) μmol L ;AA患者血清NOS活性 (35 .5± 8.1)U ml高于正常对照组 (2 8.3± 11.1)U ml,经治疗贫血症状改善者NO及NOS水平分别为 6 8μmol L和 2 9.7U ml,与正常对照组无显著差异 ;IDA患者血清NOS活性是 (32 .5 4± 6 .12 )U ml,与正常对照组相比无显著差异。结论 :NO及NOS参与了AA和IDA的发病过程 ,在AA和IDA的诊断和疗效方面有一定意义     

哮喘豚鼠气道上皮细胞Fas、NOS-2的表达

目的 :检测哮喘豚鼠气道上皮细胞Fas、NOS 2的表达 ,评价两者在哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法 :2 4只豚鼠随机分为 3组 :①哮喘组。用 10 %卵白蛋白 1ml腹腔注射致敏 ,2周后 ,用 1%卵蛋白超声雾化吸入 ,连续激发10次 ,复制豚鼠哮喘模型。②地塞米松 (Dxm)处理哮喘组。诱喘同哮喘组 ,在每次激发前 5min腹腔注射Dxm 0 .5mg/kg。③正常对照组。用生理盐水代替诱喘剂。应用免疫组化方法 (SP法 )检测气道上皮细胞Fas、NOS 2的表达。结果 :哮喘组豚鼠气道上皮细胞Fas的表达上调 [0 .2 2 37± 0 .0 32 4 ,与正常组 (0 .16 6 6± 0 .0 2 86 ) ,P <0 .0 0 1];Dxm促进Fas的表达 (0 .2 4 19± 0 .0 36 2 ,与正常组相比 ,P <0 .0 0 1;但与哮喘组相比 ,差别无显著性 ) ;正常对照组有较少的阳性表达。哮喘组豚鼠气道上皮细胞NOS 2的表达明显上调 (0 .2 5 6 7± 0 .0 345 ) ,Dxm组阳性信号稍弱 (0 .2 318± 0 .0 2 2 9) ,正常对照组有较少的阳性表达 (0 .182 9± 0 .0 2 5 9)。但哮喘组与Dxm组之间差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。哮喘豚鼠气道上皮细胞NOS 2、Fas的改变呈总体正相关 (r =0 .789,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :NOS 2为上皮损伤性因素 ,Fas可能为修复性因素。两者表达的同时上调说明气道上皮的损伤与修复同时进行     

老年人听力变化与高脂血症、糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨老年耳聋与糖尿病和高脂血症的关系.方法对185例(男138例,女47例)60岁以上老年人测纯音听阈,查空腹血糖、血脂,然后分为正常老年组(106例)、糖尿病组(33例)、高脂血病组(46例)3组.结果不同年龄正常老年组与疾病组听阈差异有显著性;不同频率(0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz)老年疾病组平均听阈(59.8dB)与正常老年组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论糖尿病和高脂血症是致聋的病因,亦是加重老年性聋的因素,积极治疗全身性疾病,是延缓老年性聋发生和发展的有效措施.     

哮喘豚鼠肺内NOS活性变化

为探讨NO与过敏性哮喘发病关系,我们采用组织化学法和NO荧光检测法,观察了哮喘豚鼠肺内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的分布和活性变化及地塞米松对其影响。结果显示:①哮喘豚鼠肺组织匀浆内NO_2~-含量为1.325±0.235μmol/mg蛋白质,显著高于对照豚鼠(0.756±0.26μmol/mg蛋白质)和地塞米松处理豚鼠(0.865±0.19μmol/mg蛋白质)(P<0.01),而后两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);②哮喘豚鼠肺内各级气道上皮细胞及粘膜下腺体上皮呈NOS强阳性反应,肺间质内可见较多NOS阳性的炎性细胞,与对照组形成明显对比;③地塞米松处理后,NOS阳性反应基本恢复至正常对照组水平。以上结果提示:反复抗原攻击使气道上皮细胞和肺内炎性细胞表达诱导型NOS(iNOS),合成大量NO,参与哮喘的发病过程。     

老年大鼠下丘脑薄片视交叉上核神经元自发放电的昼夜节律性

目的　研究老年大鼠下丘脑薄片视交叉上核神经元自发放电的节律性。方法　采用大鼠离体下丘脑薄片记录视交叉上核 (SCN)神经元自发放电的方法 ,观察衰老对SCN神经元自发放电的影响。结果　青年组和老年组大鼠SCN神经元自发放电频率均呈现白昼高、夜间低的节律 ,其高峰出现在CT 6～ 8,青年组频率为 8.30± 1.12Hz,老年组为 6 .5 2± 1.0 5Hz,两组存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;低谷在CT18～ 2 0 ,两组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。在白昼 ,青年组平均放电频率为 6 .5 7± 0 .96Hz,老年组为 5 .39± 0 .74Hz,两组存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而在夜间 ,两组平均放电频率无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　老年大鼠SCN神经元自发放电的昼夜节律的振荡幅度在衰减。     

病毒性脑炎患儿血清及脑脊液一氧化氮一氧化氮合成酶的变化及临床意义

目的　探讨病毒性脑炎患儿血清及脑脊液中一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合成酶 (NOS)的变化及临床意义。方法　采用ELISA方法 ,分别检测 5 7例〔其中 ,男 31例 ,女 2 6例 ,年龄 9月～ 12岁 ,平均 7 2岁〕病毒性脑炎患儿血清及脑脊液中和 2 3例健康儿〔其中 ,男 14例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 4～ 12岁 ,平均 8 2岁〕血清中NO、NOS的含量 ,对比观察急性期、恢复期以及不同病原体脑炎之间血清及脑脊液中NO、NOS含量的变化。结果　患儿急性期血浆中NO、NOS分别为 6 75± 2 2 4ng/ml和 34 5 6± 7 82U/ml明显高于恢复期的 4 4 7± 2 14ng/ml和 2 4 6 5± 6 84U /ml(P <0 0 1)和高于对照组的 (3 78± 0 74 )ng/mland (17 86±4 5 4)U/ml(P <0 0 1) ;急性期脑脊液中NO、NOS分别为 7 5 6± 2 2 4ng/ml和 36 5 6± 7 88U/ml明显高于恢复期的 4 2 6± 2 0 2ng/ml和 2 6 35± 4 78(P <0 0 1)流行性腮腺炎病毒性脑炎病人血浆、脑脊液中NO、NOS的含量与其他不同病原体脑炎中的含量相比无明显差异。结论　病毒性脑炎急性期血浆、脑脊液中NO及其合成酶生成增加 ,但不同病原体脑炎中的含量变化相比无明显差异 ,提示NO作为内源性调质 ,参与病毒性脑炎的病理生理过程。     

血钙、骨矿含量变化对老年性聋的影响

目的为探讨血钙及骨矿含量变化对老年性聋的影响.方法测定40例(80耳)老年性聋及20名(40耳)健康老年人听阈、脑干诱发电位及血清钙、骨矿含量.分为骨矿含量减少伴血清钙降低组(G1组)、单纯骨矿含量减少组(G2组)及对照组.结果纯音听阈(4kHz、8kHz)G1组54.4±12.5dB、70.2±10.6dB;G2组39.8±9.8dB、67.1±11.9dB对照组37.4±10.6dB、60.3±11.1dB.脑干诱发电位潜伏期(V波)G1组5.74±0.37ms;G2组5.59±0.21ms;对照组5.53±0.21ms.波间期(Ⅰ～Ⅴ波)G1组4.31±0.18ms;G2组4.18±0.19ms;对照组4.13±0.21ms.G1组与G2组及对照组纯音听阈、V波和波间期比较均有显著性差异(均P＜0.01),G2组与对照组比较有显著性差异(均P＞0.05).结论血清钙降低可加重老年性聋;单纯骨矿含量减少时应及时补充维生素D及钙剂.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.