生长仰素八肽治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血123例

目的:观察生长抑素八肽治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效.方法:食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者123例,随机分成两组:生长抑素八肽(OCt)组:61例,Oct 0.1mg iV,然后以25μg/h速度持续iv gtt3d;垂体后叶素(Pit)组:62例.Pit 20 U在20min内缓慢iv,然后以10U/h速度连续iv gtt 3d.分别观察12、24及72h的止血率,并比较其再出血率、急诊手术率、死亡率及不良反应.结果:12、24及72h止血率Oct组分别为37.7%、21.3%和9.8%.Pit组分别为24.2%、17.7%和6.5%;3d总止血率Oct组为68.9%,Pit组为48.4%.两组再出血发生率分别为14.8%和38.7%.止血率和再出血率Oct组与Pit组比较,分别P<0.05和P<0.01.结论:Oct是治疗食管胃底静脉破裂出血的有效药物,能明显地降低急诊手术率和死亡率.     

Mechanism of action of reserpine in producing gastric haemorrhage and erosion in the mouse

Gastric haemorrhage was produced regularly in mice within 6 hours of the subcutaneous injection of a large dose (2 to 10 mg./kg.) of reserpine or of deserpidine. Rescinnamine, syrosingopine (SU-3118), and tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) were less active. Gastric haemorrhage was also produced within 6 hours when 5-hydroxytryptamine (10 mg./kg.) was injected every half-hour. Neither reserpine nor 5-hydroxytryptamine produced gastric haemorrhage in mice which had been vagotomized by tying the oesophagus at the cardio-oesophageal junction or which had been pre-treated with iproniazid. Amphetamine was less effective than iproniazid in preventing gastric haemorrhage after reserpine, and the following drugs were ineffective: cocaine, methyl phenidate (Ritalin), amarin, caffeine, nikethamide, lysergic acid diethylamide and its 2-bromo derivative (BOL148). Gastric haemorrhage was not observed in mice which had been given substantial doses of atropine or of hexamethonium before reserpine. The incidence of haemorrhage was substantially reduced by treatment with an antacid mixture. It is concluded that reserpine-like drugs cause gastric haemorrhage by a mechanism which has an important central component and which involves the liberation of 5-hydroxytryptamine.     

阿司匹林与结直肠肿瘤

阿司匹林是一个经典的抗血小板药物,在预防冠状动脉血栓栓塞中发挥重要作用。近年来,大量研究观察到阿司匹林有一定的预防结直肠肿瘤的作用,可减少结直肠肿瘤远处转移的风险并降低死亡率。其作用机制是阿司匹林可减少花生四烯酸代谢产物前列腺素E2(PGE2)的产生,而PGE2与促进肿瘤的发生、发展和转移有关。     

Aspirin and immune system

The time-tested gradual exploration of aspirin's diverse pharmacological properties has made it the most reliable therapeutic agent worldwide. In addition to its well-argued anti-inflammatory effects, many new and exciting data have emerged regarding the role of aspirin in cells of the immune system and certain immunopathological states. For instance, aspirin induces tolerogenic activity in dendritic cells and determines the fate of naive T cells to regulatory phenotypes, which suggests its immunoregulatory potential in relevance to immune tolerance. It also displays some intriguing traits to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, the immunomodulatory relation of aspirin to different immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and the T and B lymphocytes has been highlighted. Moreover, the clinical prospects of aspirin in terms of autoimmunity, allograft rejection and immune tolerance have also been outlined.     

Aspirin resistance

Aspirin reduces the odds of serious atherothrombotic vascular events and death in a broad category of high risk patients by about one quarter. The term 'aspirin resistance' has been used to describe not only an absence of the expected pharmacologic effects of aspirin on platelets but also poor clinical outcomes, such as recurrent vascular events, in patients treated with aspirin. Various factors such as genetic, nonadherence, variable response to different doses, co-morbid conditions and drug interactions are responsible for aspirin resistance. Many methods, with their limitations, are available to measure the effects on platelets. Despite treatment failures, aspirin remains the single most cost-effective drug for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic disease. To optimize its clinical effectiveness, clinicians should be aware of the potential causes of aspirin treatment failure, prescribe aspirin in appropriate doses, and encourage patients to take aspirin, stop smoking, and avoid regular use of NSAIDs.     

国家食品药品监督管理局国家药品标准修订件——阿司匹林散

本品为类白色至淡黄色粉末;遇湿气易变质。     

HPLC法测定阿苯糖丸中阿司匹林和苯巴比妥的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定阿苯糖丸中阿司匹林和苯巴比妥含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Inertsil C8-3,流动相为甲醇-0.05mol.L-1磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(50∶50),流速为1.0mL.min-1,检测波长为210nm,柱温为40℃,进样量为20μL。结果:阿司匹林和苯巴比妥检测浓度的线性范围分别为31.15～498.40、3.2～51.2μg.mL-1(r=0.9999);平均加样回收率分别为101.18%(RSD=1.9%)、100.73%(RSD=1.7%)。结论:本方法简便易行、准确可靠,可用于该制剂的质量控制。