光固化胶粘剂性能的初步研究

目的：制备一种光固化纳米胶粘剂,对其性能进行初步研究。方法：正交法制备出多个胶粘剂样品,讨论各个因素对材料力学性能的影响,探索合适的配方比例和工艺参数。结果：光固化胶粘剂最优配比为引发剂Darocur1173含量占1％,纳米SiO2含量占50％,基质树脂与稀释单体（Bis—GMA：TEGDMA）的比例为1：1。结论：制备的光固化胶粘剂配方的综合性能最优,可应用于临床。     

纳米金刚石改性核树脂的机械及固化性能

目的以纳米金刚石（ UFD）为填料加入到自行合成的光固化核树脂中,测试核树脂的性能变化。方法将不同含量的钡玻璃粉填料和UFD加入到树脂基质中制得6组光固化核树脂,分别测试它们的挠曲强度、维氏显微硬度和光固化深度,使用单因素方差分析法对挠曲强度、维氏显微硬度值的测量结果进行统计学分析。结果仅加质量分数为0.2%硅烷化处理的UFD即可使钡玻璃含量分别为60%和70%的两种光固化核树脂的挠曲强度分别提高34%和21%,而维氏显微硬度分别增加23%和30%;同时核树脂的固化深度均超过2 mm,符合相应的国际标准要求。但是UFD会对核树脂的颜色产生一定影响。结论微量UFD的加入能显著改善树脂的机械性能,同时又不影响材料的固化性能,但是对树脂颜色的影响需进一步改善。     

十种纳米填料光固化复合树脂聚合收缩性能的比较与评价

目的 探讨10种纳米填料光固化复合树脂的聚合收缩情况,评价纳米填料在光固化复合树脂聚合收缩性能中的作用.方法 采用激光位移传感器进行非接触式测量,实时监测10种纳米填料光固化树脂(CM:Clearfil Majesty; CX:Ceram·X;F:Fulfil;E:Estelite α;PM:Premisa; TN:Tetric N-Ceram restorative;S:Spectrum TPH3;TB:Tetric Bulk Fill;Z:Z350XT;P:P90)的聚合收缩情况.测量光固化时的体积收缩率、收缩速率峰值以及到达峰值的时间.采用单因素方差分析10种材料的差异.结果 10种纳米填料光固化树脂的体积收缩率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).10种纳米填料光固化树脂的体积收缩率范围为1.20％ ～ 3.09％,P＜PM ＜Z≈E ＜TN≈CM≈TB ＜CX ＜S ＜F,其中Z与E、TN与CM间差异无统计学意义,体积收缩率较接近.收缩速率峰值范围为2.14～ 14.76 μm/s,到达峰值的时间范围为3.29～5.39 s.结论 10种纳米填料复合树脂的聚合收缩差异显著,填料含量和粒径对复合树脂聚合收缩有一定影响作用,增加填料含量,减小纳米填料的粒径,有助于降低聚合收缩率.     

纳米增韧牙科复合树脂的研究

目的：研究纳米二氧化锆、纳米金刚石为功能填料加入到以钡玻璃粉为主填料的光固化牙科复合树脂中,观察树脂挠曲强度的变化.方法：采用双酚A-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（Bis-GMA）和二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯（TEGDMA）为树脂基质,钡玻璃粉（BG）为主填料,选择纳米二氧化锆,纳米金刚石为功能填料,采用原位聚合法生成光固化牙科树脂,万能材料试验机测试其挠曲强度.结果：纳米二氧化锆和纳米金刚石之间不存在交互效应.不同浓度纳米二氧化锆之间有显著差异,不含纳米二氧化锆的树脂挠曲强度显著高于含5%纳米二氧化锆树脂的挠曲强度.不同浓度纳米金刚石之间有显著差异,含0.2%纳米金刚石的树脂挠曲强度显著高于含0.1%纳米金刚石树脂的挠曲强度.结论：含5%纳米二氧化锆、0.2%纳米金刚石的复合树脂颜色美观,其挠曲强度能达到相应的国家标准及ISO标准,能满足临床需要.     

3种纳米粒子对高强玻璃纤维增强EAM树脂复合材料桩钉基体树脂力学性能的影响

目的　研究 3种纳米粒子对新研制的高强玻璃纤维增强EAM树脂复合材料 (FRC)桩钉基体树脂力学性能的影响。方法　将 3种纳米粒子 (纳米SiO2 、纳米TiO2 、纳米Al2 O3 )用KH - 5 70进行表面处理后 ,将之均匀分散到FRC桩钉基体树脂(EAM树脂 )中 ,按照一定工艺进行固化 ,根据国家标准测试基体树脂的力学性能。结果　不同纳米粒子及其含量对FRC桩钉基体树脂的影响不同 ,纳米SiO2 与TiO2 增强增韧效果显著 ,纳米SiO2 的含量为 3%时 ,基体树脂综合性能最佳。结论　少量的纳米粒子可改善树脂的力学性能 ,不同的纳米粒子对树脂的影响不同     

可见光固化基托树脂研究

研究了可见光固化基托树脂的基质树脂、多功能单体和光引发体系的合成工艺以及粘度调整剂、基托树脂、处理剂、空气遮蔽剂的制备工艺;讨论了基质树脂结构、交联剂结构、光引发体系、光照时间以及不同光源照射等因素对光固化基托树脂物理性能的影响;还讨论了光固化基托树脂的色泽稳定性以及空气遮蔽剂、气泡对光固化基托树脂表面形态的影响。     

改性纳米二氧化硅在齿科光固化粘接剂中的应用

目的：制备一种光固化纳米胶黏剂，对其性能进行初步研究。方法：以醇水混合物作为溶剂，采用硅烷偶联剂KH570对纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）进行表面改性，将制备的Nano－SiO2－g－KH570进行性能测试与红外表征。结果：KH570已通过物理或化学作用紧密连接在纳米SiO2粒子表面。结论：光固化纳米胶黏剂是一种简便易行，具有良好的粘结强度及耐水性的材料。     

氧化锆和纳米金刚石比例对核树脂挠曲强度的影响

目的 探讨二氧化锆、纳米金刚石比例对核树脂挠曲强度的影响.方法 采用双酚A-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Bis-GMA)和二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯(TEGDMA)为树脂基质, 钡玻璃粉(BG)为主填料, 选择不同比例的微米或纳米级二氧化锆,纳米金刚石作为功能填料, 采用原位聚合法生成光固化牙科核树脂,万能材料试验机测定其挠曲强度.结果 含60wt%钡玻璃粉、0.2wt%纳米金刚石的树脂中,加入纳米级或微米级的二氧化锆含量分别为2wt%、3.5wt%、5wt%,3.5wt%相应核树脂挠曲强度最高;含70wt%钡玻璃粉、0.1wt%纳米金刚石的树脂中,加入40 nm的二氧化锆含量为0wt%、2wt%、3.5wt%、5wt%,2wt%质量百分比相应核树脂挠曲强度最高.结论 适当比例填料的核树脂挠曲强度能达到相应的国家标准及ISO标准的规定,能满足临床需要.     

不同纳米粒子对纤维增强光固化树脂基桩力学性能的影响

目的研究2种纳米颗粒对自行研制的高强玻璃纤维增强光固化树脂复合材料(FRC)桩的力学性能的影响。方法自行配置光固化树脂基质,将纳米ZrO2和纳米Al2O3分别按1%、3%、4%、5%的比例加入树脂基质,用拉挤法制成纤维增强树脂基牙科桩,用万能力学试验机测试FRC桩的弯曲模量、弯曲强度、弯曲载荷。结果不同含量的纳米粒子对FRC桩的力学性能有影响,含4%纳米ZrO2、Al2O3的光固化树脂制成的FRC桩综合性能最佳,弯曲模量(20.42±0.88)、(19.96±0.69)GPa,弯曲强度(464.89±18.84)、(481.17±24.68)MPa,弯曲载荷(146.05±5.92)、(151.23±7.79)N,与未添加纳米粒子的FRC桩有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论少量纳米粒子对FRC桩有增韧效果。     

含长链烷基季铵盐的纳米抗菌无机填料的合成及其在牙科复合树脂中的应用研究

目的 设计合成新型的含长链烷基季铵盐的纳米抗菌无机填料,以赋予牙科复合树脂更优良的抗菌性能。方法 在分子设计和筛选的基础上,制备了长链烷基季铵盐修饰的纳米抗菌二氧化硅填料,并对填料的抗菌性能进行评价。为进一步提高抗菌填料与树脂的结合力,采用硅烷偶联剂对抗菌填料表面进行了处理,并用红外光谱法对其结构特征进行分析;然后将新型纳米抗菌无机填料加入牙科复合树脂中,观察其在复合树脂基体中的分散情况,同时与商品化的Tetric N-Ceram纳米瓷化复合树脂进行对比;并以变异链球菌为对象,研究复合树脂的抗菌性能。结果 长链烷基季铵盐成功接枝到纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面;新型纳米抗菌无机填料的抗菌性能优于含短链烷基季铵盐的抗菌无机填料;偶联处理后的纳米抗菌无机填料在树脂基体中分散均匀,与树脂结合紧密,与Tetric N-Ceram纳米瓷化复合树脂类似;改性后的复合树脂抗菌性能良好。结论 含长链烷基季铵盐的纳米抗菌无机填料抗菌性能良好,经过表面偶联处理后可以很好地与牙科复合树脂共混,提高了牙科复合树脂的抗菌性能。     

纳米金刚石表面改性对义齿黏附剂黏度的影响

目的:观察不同表面处理的纳米金刚石作为功能填料加入到高分子树脂类义齿黏附剂中,对义齿黏附剂黏度产生的影响。方法:以不同比例配方的改性和非改性纳米金刚石作为功能填料,加入到义齿黏附剂中,测试其黏度。采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:添加比例在0.1wt%以下时,义齿黏附剂黏度随着比例的增加而下降;0.1wt%时,黏度降低最显著;添加比例在0.1wt%以上时,义齿黏附剂黏度随着比例的增加而增加。金刚石改性与否对黏度的影响有显著差异。结论:偶联剂化学接枝到金刚石表面,改性后的金刚石在乙醇中的分散稳定性得到提高;适当比例的纳米金刚石能显著降低义齿黏附剂的黏度,增加其流动性;同时,改性纳米金刚石的作用显著高于未经改性的金刚石。     

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) enhances the therapeutic activity of a dental adhesive

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential and physicochemical properties of a dental adhesive incorporated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in different concentration over time.MethodsEGCG was incorporated at a ratio of 100, 200, and 300 μg/ml into a dental adhesive. The effects of the cured adhesives on the growth of Streptococcus mutans were determined by direct contact test immediately or one month later and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test was used to test the mechanical property of the adhesives immediately or six months later. The degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesives was evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).ResultsCompared with negative control, the 200 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml EGCG-incorporated dental adhesive were found to exhibit inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans. The μTBS of the EGCG-incorporated dental adhesive was higher than the control. The DC of the adhesive system was not affected by the addition of EGCG.Conclusions200 μg/ml EGCG incorporated dental adhesives could accomplish therapeutic goals that play in antimicrobial function whilst keeping the durability of resin–dentine bond.     

Radiopaque dental adhesives: dispersion of flame-made Ta2O5/SiO2 nanoparticles in methacrylic matrices

OBJECTIVES: Radiopaque dental adhesive (DA) of low viscosity were made by forming stable suspensions of weakly agglomerated Ta2O5/SiO2 nanoparticles with primary particle size of about 10nm. METHODS: The particles were prepared by one-step flame-spray pyrolysis. Particles were functionalized with gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and dispersed in a methacrylic monomer matrix by centrifugal mixing and ultrasonication. Particle size distributions were analyzed by X-ray disc centrifugation of suspensions and TEM analysis of cured sample composites, while average primary particle size was obtained by N2 adsorption and X-ray diffraction. RESULTS: The dispersion method affected the aggregate size distribution of both untreated and surface functionalized particles in these suspensions. The influence of particle content on suspension viscosity, aggregate size distribution and that of Ta2O5 content on radiopacity was investigated. The shear bond strength of such radiopaque particle-containing adhesives on enamel and dentin was comparable to that of the particle-free reference adhesive. CONCLUSIONS: Flame-made Ta2O5/SiO2 nanoparticles can be introduced readily into dental adhesives as they form quite stable suspensions. Viscosity stayed low even after adding radiopaque particles up to 20 wt.%. The resulting composites had radiopacity comparable to that of enamel facilitating their distinction from marginal gaps. Bond strength was not significantly influenced by the presence of particles in the adhesive.     

两种正畸粘接剂在埋伏牙矫治中的临床效果分析

目的:比较两种常用的正畸粘接剂在埋伏牙导萌中粘接正畸附件的脱落率。方法:含埋伏牙正畸患者48例随机分成两组,进行闭合式开窗术后粘接正畸附件,实验组24例,用GC Fuji正畸粘接剂、对照组24例,用京津釉质粘接剂粘接,术后1周加力牵引,比较加力2、6、12个月后正畸附件脱落率。结果:两种粘接剂加力2个月时正畸附件脱落率有统计学意义(P<0.05),6个月、12个月时正畸附件脱落率无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:2个月时埋伏牙粘接正畸附件脱落率GC Fuji粘接剂效果优于京津釉质粘接剂,两种粘接剂远期粘接效果相同。     

Chemical retention of composite resin to metal

Three dental adhesives were used to chemically bond three dental veneering resins to a nickel-chromium alloy and a 52% gold alloy. As a control, all three veneering resins were applied directly to the aluminum-oxide-abraded surface without using an adhesive. The various combinations were subjected to a tensile load, and the tensile bond strength and failure location were recorded. The results indicated that the adhesives provided a statistically significant bond between the resin and the alloys.     

托盘粘接剂对硅橡胶印模材料与不同粗糙度托盘材料间结合强度的影响

目的：研究托盘粘接剂对硅橡胶印模材料与不同粗糙度的托盘材料间结合强度的影响。方法：2种托盘材料：自凝树脂和不锈钢;分3种粗糙度：45目,220目,400目加自然表面分成4大组;每种材料每种粗糙度各分2组,一组涂布粘接剂,另一组不涂布,总计16组,每组6个试件,共96个试件。采用GC公司的加成型硅橡胶印模材料和专用粘接剂。拉力测试,所得数据用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果：在所有托盘材料中,都显示应用粘接剂的那组具有更高的结合强度（P〈0.05）。使用粘接剂前,托盘材料对结合强度的影响具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。使用粘接剂前后,托盘材料的表面粗糙度对结合强度的影响都具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：应用托盘粘接剂能改善加成型硅橡胶印模材料和托盘的结合强度。应用粘接剂前,不同托盘材料对结合强度有影响,自凝树脂大于不锈钢材料。在应用粘接剂情况下,结合强度随托盘表面粗糙度的增加而增加。没有应用粘接剂时,则需要把托盘粗糙到一定程度才可以增加结合强度。     

Current perspectives on dental adhesion: (1) Dentin adhesion – not there yet

The essential goal of any adhesive restoration is to achieve a tight and long-lasting adaptation of the restorative material to enamel and dentin. The key challenge for new dental adhesives is to be simultaneously effective on two dental substrates of conflicting nature. Some barriers must be overcome to accomplish this objective. While bonding to enamel by micromechanical interlocking of resin tags within the array of microporosities in acid-etched enamel can be reliably achieved and can effectively seal the restoration margins against leakage, bonding effectively and durably to organic and humid dentin is the most puzzling task in adhesive dentistry.Much of the research and development of dental adhesives has focused on making the clinical procedure more user-friendly by reducing the number of bottles and/or steps. Although clinicians certainly prefer less complicated and more versatile adhesive materials, there is a trade-off between simplification of dental adhesives and clinical outcomes. Likewise, new materials are launched with claims of being novel and having special properties without much supporting evidence.This review article discusses dental adhesion acknowledging pioneer work in the field, highlights the substrate as a major challenge to obtain durable adhesive restorations, as well as analyzes the three adhesion strategies and their shortcomings. It also reviews the potential of chemical/ionic dental adhesion, discusses the issue of extensively published laboratory research that does not translate to clinical relevance, and leaves a few thoughts in regard to recent research that may have implications for future adhesive materials.     

新型抗菌性牙本质粘接剂抗菌性和粘接性能的研究

目的：研究甲基丙烯酸十二烷基二甲铵（dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate,DMADDM）对牙本质粘接系统的粘接强度和菌斑生物膜的影响。方法：合成 DMADDM,并以质量分数为10％的比例添加到商品化的牙本质粘接剂中作为实验组,商品化的牙本质粘接剂作为对照组。使用人唾液培养所得到牙菌斑全菌生物膜模型来研究粘接剂的抗菌性,检测死/活细菌染色;检测蒸馏水和口腔全菌生物膜培养14 d前后,实验组和对照组粘接强度的差异。结果：添加 DMADDM的粘接系统显著降低了菌斑生物膜活性;蒸馏水浸泡14 d对粘接强度没有明显影响（P＞0．05）,菌斑生物膜浸泡14 d 后,对照组粘接强度明显下降（P＜0．05）,实验组没有明显变化（P＞0．05）。结论：含有 DMADDM的牙本质粘接系统具有很强的抗菌性,能够抵抗口腔环境对粘接性能的影响,具有一定的临床应用前景。     

含纳米抗菌无机填料树脂粘接剂的合成及相关性能研究

目的 合成含纳米抗菌无机填料的新型树脂粘接剂,并探讨其粘接强度、力学性能、体外抗菌性能等。方法 制备长链烷基季铵盐修饰的纳米抗菌二氧化硅填料,并以0%、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%及10%的质量分数添加到树脂粘接剂中,生成新型纳米抗菌树脂粘接剂。以0%组作为对照组,用牙本质剪切试验来测试粘接强度;用三点弯曲试验来测试力学性能;建立人牙菌斑生物膜体外模型,通过菌落计数、乳酸代谢分析及活/死细菌染色等手段来评价新型树脂粘接剂对牙菌斑生物膜的影响。结果 加入5.0%的纳米抗菌无机填料时,树脂粘接剂的牙本质粘接强度为28.9 MPa,弯曲强度及弹性模量分别为86.6 MPa和4.2 GPa,与对照组比较,粘接强度及力学性能明显提高（P<0.05）;当抗菌无机填料含量达到2.5%时,新型抗菌树脂粘接剂对牙菌斑生物膜代谢产生明显抑制作用,显示了良好的抗菌性能（P<0.05）。结论 含一定质量分数（5.0%）新型纳米抗菌无机填料的树脂粘接剂具有较强的粘接强度、力学性能及抗菌功能,为进一步临床应用打下基础。     

Current aspects on bonding effectiveness and stability in adhesive dentistry

Improved dental adhesive technology has extensively influenced modern concepts in restorative dentistry. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which basically relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Nowadays, the interaction of adhesives with the dental substrate is based on two different strategies, commonly described as an etch-and-rinse and a self-etch approach. In an attempt to simplify the bonding technique, manufacturers have decreased the number of steps necessary for the accomplishment of the bonding procedure. As a consequence, two-step etch-and-rinse and one-step (self-etch) adhesives were introduced and gained rapid popularity in the dental market due to their claimed user-friendliness and lower technique sensitivity. However, many concerns have been raised on the bonding effectiveness of these simplified adhesives, especially in terms of durability, although this tends to be very material dependent. In order to blend all the adhesive components into one single solution, one-step adhesives were made more acidic and hydrophilic. Unfortunately, these properties induce a wide variety of seemingly unrelated problems that may jeopardize the effectiveness and stability of adhesion to the dental substrate. Being more susceptible to water sorption and thus nanoleakage, these adhesives are more prone to bond degradation and tend to fail prematurely as compared to their multi-step counterparts. Incidentally, another factor that may interfere with the bonding effectiveness of adhesives is the technique used for caries removal and cavity preparation. Several tools are on the market today to effectively remove carious tissue, thereby respecting the current trend of minimum intervention. Despite their promising performance, such techniques modify the tooth substrate in different aspects, possibly affecting bonding effectiveness. Altogether, we may conclude that not only the adhesive formulation, but also substrate nature must be taken into account to achieve a stable bonding interface, rendering the restorative treatment more predictable in terms of clinical performance. In this review, we analyse the current theoretical and clinical aspects of adhesion to enamel and dentine, and discuss the diverse possibilities to overcome problems which nowadays still challenge clinicians in their achievement of a more stable and effective bond to tooth enamel and dentine.