首发精神分裂症病人的抑郁症状

目的探讨首发精神分裂症病人抑郁症状的发生率、特征及相关因素。方法于入院、治疗3、6、9、12月时用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表中文版(SANS-CV)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)及功能总体评定量表(GAF)对164例首发精神分裂症患者进行评定。结果急性期首发精神分裂症病人轻度或以上程度抑郁症状的发生率为71%,但在缓解期降至12%。急性期突出的抑郁表现为认知障碍与迟缓(因子分各占HAMD总分的35%和29%)。抑郁症状随着精神病性症状的缓解而减轻,与性别、发病年龄、受教育时间、病程及前驱期长短无关。HAMD总分在急性期仅与BPRS的焦虑抑郁因子分有关,但在缓解期与阴阳性症状、临床总体印象以及总体功能均有密切的相关性;急性期以及治疗3个月时的抑郁症状与随后的阴阳性症状、总体功能的变化无关。结论首发精神分裂症急性期的抑郁症状可能是一个独立的症状群,抑郁程度不能作为预测首发精神分裂症病人预后的指标。     

以抑郁症症状为首发症状的癫痫发作

文献报道,抑郁症症状可以成为癫痫的发作症状,但是不是癫痫独立的或首发的尚不清楚。我们回顾性分析了5例以抑郁为首发症状的单纯癫痫。所有患者的神经系统检查、脑脊液检查、磁共振检查均正常,可排除脑部器质性病变。全部患者首诊经精神科医生诊断为抑郁症,其中3例为中度抑郁,1例为重度抑郁。所有患者的随机脑电图检查均显示轻度异常,后经24小时动态脑电图监测,确诊为癫痫的复杂部分发作。予以卡马西平或者拉莫三嗪治疗后情绪正常,也无其它形式癫痫发作,多次脑电图检查显示恢复正常。随访8～18月无发作。因此,我们认为抑郁症症状可以是癫痫发作的首发表现,而诊断"功能性的"抑郁症则一定要排除以抑郁症状为首发症状的癫痫发作。     

以抑郁首发的双相情感障碍68例临床分析

目的 :研究抑郁转向躁狂的相关因素及其危险程度。　方法 :对 6 8例以抑郁为首发症状的双相障碍患者 (软双相 )进行回顾性调查并与 5 5例反复发作抑郁症对照比较。　结果 :软双相患者的年龄和发病年龄显著小于反复发作者、病程小于反复发作组 ,而且已婚者少 ,个性外向者多 ,OR界于2 87～ 7 2 4之间。首次发作 <3个月、病情重度及以上、精神病性、生物症状明显多于反复发作组 ,OR界于 2 6 4～ 2 8 15之间。而用过 3种药物者明显少于反复发作组。结论 :软双相有自身的临床和某些特征的差异 ,这些特征可能促进软双相患者向双相转化     

双相情感障碍抑郁发作与单相抑郁发作患者的记忆功能比较

目的 探讨双相情感障碍抑郁发作患者与单相抑郁发作患者的记忆功能损害的差异.方法 收集符合DSM-IV-TR的30例双相情感障碍抑郁发作患者和30例单相抑郁发作患者.采用韦氏记忆量表（WMS）评定两组记忆功能,汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版（HAMD-17）评定抑郁严重程度.结果 双相情感障碍抑郁发作组理解记忆、延迟理解记忆、视觉再生、延迟视觉再生得分均明显低于单相抑郁发作组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为14.54,7.99,18.69,9.93;P＜0.05）.结论 抑郁症状严重程度相同时,双相情感障碍抑郁发作对记忆功能的损害比单相抑郁发作对患者的影响更重.     

首发精神分裂症与双相障碍及抑郁障碍认知功能比较

目的探讨首发精神分裂症、双相障碍及抑郁障碍患者认知功能差异。方法纳入首发精神分裂症患者61例,双相障碍患者57例,抑郁障碍患者48例,另设正常对照59名。所有研究对象采用重复性神经心理测查系统(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)评估认知功能,首发精神分裂症组采用阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)评定精神病性症状,双相障碍组、抑郁障碍组采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评估抑郁和焦虑症状,贝克—拉范森躁狂(Bech-Rafaelsen mania scale,BRMS)量表评估躁狂症状。结果 4组对象的RBANS总分(F=5.18,P0.01)、即刻记忆(F=4.09,P0.01)、言语功能(F=9.53,P0.01)、注意(F=3.87,P=0.01)、延时记忆(F=9.86,P0.01)因子得分差异具有统计学意义,其中首发精神分裂症、双相障碍组RBANS总分低于对照组(P0.01),首发精神分裂症、双相障碍、抑郁障碍组即刻记忆、言语功能、延时记忆得分低于对照组(P0.05),双相障碍组言语功能得分低于首发精神分裂症组(P0.01),首发精神分裂症组注意得分低于抑郁障碍及对照组(P0.01)。结论首发精神分裂症、双相障碍、抑郁障碍患者均存在认知功能损伤,首发精神分裂症认知功能缺陷重于抑郁障碍,轻于双相障碍。     

首发为精神症状的短暂性脑缺血发作16例临床分析

短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)是临床常见的脑梗死先驱症状，常表现为颈内动脉系统或椎基底动脉系统短暂缺血的各种神经功能缺失症状，而首发为精神症状的TIA临床较少见，容易造成误诊。现对我院近5年来收治的16例首发为精神症状的TIA患者分析如下。     

SSRI 治疗首发为抑郁发作的双相障碍患者对自杀风险的相关因素分析

目的 探讨双相障碍首次抑郁发作使用SSRI类抗抑郁剂治疗后,出现自杀风险的相关因素.方法 回顾性记录177例以抑郁发作为首次发作形式的双相抑郁障碍患者人口学资料和临床特征,并比较它们在没有出现自杀组和出现自杀组之间的差异,采用逐步Logistic回归方法进行分析,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)与Hosmer-Lemeshow分别评估危险因素模型的准确度和拟合优度.结果 没有出现自杀风险患者154例,出现自杀风险患者23例.出现自杀风险的患者组中饮酒史、心境障碍家族史、有易激惹症状、绝望感和伴随精神病性症状的比例高于未出现自杀风险的患者组(均P<0.05).进一步回归分析显示,使用SSRI类抗抑郁剂治疗而导致自杀风险的相关因素为:易激惹(OR=4.04,95%CI:1.40-11.67,P<0.05),有精神病性症状(OR=6.23,95%CI:1.41-27.56,P<0.05).ROC为0.71.Hosmer-Lemeshow为0.58.结论 易激惹症状、精神病性症状是双相障碍首次抑郁发作予SSRI治疗出现自杀风险的潜在预测因素.     

首发精神症状的肾病综合征1例

患者男性 ,15岁 ,学生。于 10天前无明显原因言语零乱、恐惧、害怕。自述能看见神鬼 ,看见已死同伴。认为别人要害他 ,要炸他们家 ,无故哭泣。见人问个不停或低头不语。不眠 ,来回走动。并有浮肿、头昏、乏力。双下肢压陷性水肿 ,肾区叩击痛。尿白细胞 3～ 8高倍镜 ,红细胞 ( ) ,颗粒管型 3～ 4高倍镜 ,蛋白质 ( )。血胆固醇 7 8ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,甘油三酯 2 1ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,血清蛋白 2 4ｇ/Ｌ。脑电图检查额叶中央区显著散在较多低至中电压 4～7ｃ/ｓθ波 ,单导时增多 ,并有个别 3～ 5ｃ/ｓδ波 ,杂以低电压θ波。确诊为“肾病综合征”。经治…     

以抑郁为首发症状的Parkinson病2例

例 1:男 ,6 5岁。患者于 1994年 8月开始无明显诱因渐出现早晨贪睡 ,不爱讲话 ,兴趣降低 ,高兴不起来 ,疲乏无力 ,常躺在床上 ,少与人交往 ,不爱做事 ,不愿外出 ,认为自己能力不如以前 ,觉得活着没意思 ,想一死了之 ,曾使用多种抗抑郁药治疗 ,未见明显好转。约 5年后住院 ,Ham ilton抑郁量表 (HAMD) 17项评定为 2 0分。诊断为抑郁性神经症 ,予百忧解 2 0 m g/ d治疗 8周 ,无明显改善。出院 3月后门诊复查时发现呈面具脸 ,走路缓慢 ,四肢肌张力增高 ,双手平举时有明显震颤。头部计算机断层扫描 (CT)结果正常。更改诊断为Parkinson病所致…     

基于DSM-5的单双相抑郁住院患者的临床特征比较

目的采用《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)诊断标准,比较单相复发性抑郁障碍及双相障碍抑郁发作患者的临床特征,探讨DSM-5特征标准在中国住院患者中的适用情况。方法根据DSM-5标准自编抑郁发作临床特征调查问卷,对2015年8月-12月在北京安定医院抑郁症治疗中心住院的复发性抑郁障碍112例及双相障碍抑郁发作136例进行访谈,比较差异。结果双相抑郁起病年龄更早、抑郁发作次数更多、家族史阳性及伴精神病性特征的比例更高(P0.05)。复发性抑郁一次抑郁发作持续时间更长,伴焦虑痛苦及伴忧郁特征的比例更高(P0.05)。结论单双相抑郁具有不同的临床特征,DSM-5特征标准在中国人群中的信效度需要进一步验证。     

Verbal memory performance of patients with a first depressive episode and patients with unipolar and bipolar recurrent depression

Depression is usually associated with episodic memory impairment. The main clinical features of depression associated with that memory impairment are not clearly defined. The main goal of that study was to assess the role of the diagnostic subtypes and the number of depressive episodes on the memory performance of acute unipolar (UP) and bipolar (BP) depressed patients.Twenty-three patients with a first major depressive episode (FE), 28 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for UP recurrent depression (UR) and 18 BP patients with recurrent depression were compared with 88 healthy subjects on a verbal episodic memory task. Patients suffering from a first depressive episode did not show verbal memory impairment as compared to normal controls. Unlike FE patients, UR and BP patients exhibited verbal memory deficits with impaired free recall and normal cued recall and recognition. The memory deficits of the UR and BP patients was present in the first free recall trial. Depressed patients improved their memory performance across the three trials of the task at the same rate than normal controls. Our results suggest that the number of depressive episodes has a negative influence on verbal memory performance of acute depressed patients. The effects of the repetition of the depressive episodes are not modulated by the subtypes of depression and may reflect sensitization to the cognitive impact of depression associated with increasing prefrontal dysfunction.     

双相情感障碍抑郁相与单相抑郁发作临床分析

目的:对双相情感障碍抑郁相和单相抑郁发作进行临床分析。方法:对双相情感障碍抑郁相和单相抑郁发作患者各30例进行临床分析。结果:双相情感障碍抑郁相有如下特点:①发病年龄早;②女性多见;③具有“精力过盛”性人格;④一级亲属中有双相障碍的家族史;⑤症状多为非典型抑郁发作或伴有精神病性症状。结论:如首次抑郁发作的症状符合以上特点,则可能以后发展为双相情感障碍,应使用足量心境稳定剂,谨慎使用抗抑郁剂,以免转为躁狂发作。     

Negative symptoms in first episode non-affective psychosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of negative symptoms and to examine secondary sources of influence on negative symptoms and the role of specific negative symptoms in delay associated with seeking treatment in first episode non-affective psychosis. METHOD: One hundred and ten patients who met Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum psychoses were rated for assessment of negative, positive, depressive and extrapyramidal symptoms, the premorbid adjustment scale and assessment of demographic and clinical characteristics including duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). RESULTS: Alogia/flat affect and avolition/anhedonia were strongly influenced by parkinsonian and depressive symptoms, respectively. A substantial proportion (26.8%) of patients showed at a least moderate level of negative symptoms not confounded by depression and Parkinsonism. DUP was related only to avolition/anhedonia while flat affect/alogia was related to male gender, diagnosis of schizophrenia, age of onset and the length of the prodrome. CONCLUSION: Negative symptoms that are independent of the influence of positive symptoms, depression and extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS) are present in a substantial proportion of first episode psychosis patients and delay in seeking treatment is associated mainly with avolition and anhedonia.     

Enlargement of the amygdala in patients with a first episode of major depression.

BACKGROUND: The amygdala plays a crucial role in the mediation of affective behavior in humans and is implemented in the limbic-thalamic-cortical network that is supposed to modulate human mood. The aim of the present study was to measure the amygdala volumes in patients with a first episode of major depression. METHODS: Thirty inpatients with a first episode of depression were compared with 30 healthy volunteers matched for age, gender, handedness, and education by performing structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of the amygdala. RESULTS: Patients showed increased amygdala volumes in both hemispheres as compared to healthy control subjects. No significant correlations were found between amygdala volumes and age, age of onset, illness duration, or severity of depression in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: Enlarged amygdala volumes in patients with a first episode of major depression might be due to enhanced blood flow in the amygdala rather than to a neurodevelopmental structural predisposition to major depression.     

Selective deficits in semantic verbal fluency in patients with a first affective episode with psychotic symptoms and a positive history of mania

Objectives:  Neurocognitive dysfunction is likely to represent a trait characteristic of bipolar disorder, but the extent to which it comprises 'core' deficits as opposed to those secondary to longstanding illness or intellectual decline is unclear. We investigated neuropsychological performance in an epidemiologically derived sample of patients with a first affective episode with psychotic symptoms and a positive history of mania, compared to community controls.
Methods:  Using a nested case-control, population-based study, measures of episodic and working memory, executive function, processing speed, and visual-spatial perception were compared between 35 patients with a first affective episode with psychotic symptoms and a positive history of mania, and 274 community controls, as well as a subgroup of 105 controls matched on current IQ ('good' versus 'poor') and IQ trajectory ('stable', 'declined', or 'improved') with the patients (three controls per case).
Results:  Compared to the extended control sample, probands showed a suggestive deficit in short-term verbal recall, and a significant deficit in semantic fluency. Only the latter was detectable in the comparison with the IQ-matched controls. All other neurocognitive domains showed intact performance or nonsignificant deficits of small effect sizes compared to both control groups. Semantic fluency showed no association with symptoms or duration of untreated illness.
Conclusions:  Patients with a first affective episode with psychotic symptoms and a positive history of mania show an isolated, selective deficit in semantic verbal fluency, against a background of generally preserved neurocognitive function. This pattern seems to contrast with the more widespread neuropsychological dysfunction seen in schizophrenia.     

艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗对首次抑郁发作的影响

目的探讨艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗对首次抑郁发作的临床疗效。方法选取在山东省精神卫生中心门诊治疗的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)中的首次抑郁发作诊断标准的患者120例,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例,研究组给予艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗,对照组给予艾司西酞普兰治疗。共观察24周。于治疗前、治疗后第2、8、24周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)进行评定,比较治疗后24周末两组总有效率;并于2年后电话随访,比较两组复发率。结果治疗2、8周末HRSD评分研究组均低于同时点对照组[(21.03±4.89)分vs.(25.57±4.37)分,(9.60±4.22)分vs.(21.52±2.72)分,P0.05或0.01];24周末研究组痊愈率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(60.0%vs.56.7%,χ2=0.14,P0.05);2年末电话随访研究组复发率低于对照组(31.7%vs.61.7%,χ2=10.85,P0.01)。结论艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗对首次抑郁发作疗效优于单纯艾司西酞普兰治疗,复发率低。     

双相障碍抑郁发作患者认知功能损害及与听觉P300改变的关系

目的:探讨双相障碍抑郁发作患者认知功能损害和听觉P300变化的关系.方法:采用重复性神经心理状态测验(RBANS)及听觉诱发电位检测方法对43例首次发病未服药的双相障碍抑郁发作患者(病例组)及45名健康志愿者(对照组)进行认知功能及P300指标检测;结果 进行组间比较和分析.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估病例组患...