头发、血浆皮质醇水平变化与抑郁症的相关性研究

目的探讨头发、血浆皮质醇水平在抑郁症发病过程中的特点及抗抑郁治疗前后的变化。方法纳入抑郁症患者47例和正常对照47名。抑郁症组给予选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗4周,分别于治疗前、治疗4周后检测头发、血浆皮质醇水平,分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17,HAMD-17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评估抑郁症状和焦虑症状的严重程度及疗效。对照组不予干预,于入组时检测头发、血浆皮质醇水平。结果抑郁症组治疗前头发皮质醇水平高于对照组[(17.42±12.40)nmol/L vs.(10.22±8.00)nmol/L,P0.01],血浆皮质醇水平两组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。抑郁症组治疗后HAMD-17总分[(10.60±4.57)vs.(24.00±4.86)]和HAMA总分[(6.30±4.86)vs.(15.78±5.45)]较治疗前均降低(P0.01),治疗后头发皮质醇水平较治疗前增高[(30.53±25.75)nmol/L vs.(16.02±11.77)nmol/L,P0.05],血浆皮质醇水平治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后达到临床痊愈的患者治疗前血浆皮质醇水平高于非临床痊愈的患者[(27.47±14.48)nmol/L vs.(18.30±7.11)nmol/L,P0.05]。抑郁症组治疗前血浆皮质醇水平与HAMD-17中的胃肠道症状因子分呈正相关(r=0.335,P=0.023),与HAMD-17总分及其他因子的相关性均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抑郁症患者头发皮质醇水平高于正常对照,经抗抑郁药治疗后头发皮质醇水平较治疗前升高。治疗前血浆皮质醇水平高的患者可能对抗抑郁药治疗更敏感,可获得更好的临床疗效。     

皮质醇水平与抑郁症关系的研究进展

皮质醇由肾上腺皮质束状带以及内层的网状带所分泌,是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的终末产物.皮质醇对机体的物质代谢、免疫功能和多种器官的生理功能的发挥具有十分重要的作用.近来研究表明：皮质醇水平与抑郁症发生的病理生理及发病机制有重要的关联,而且其水平的恢复可能与抗抑郁药物治疗有关.现就皮质醇与抑郁症的相关性研究进行综述.     

伴躯体症状抑郁症患者皮质醇水平与认知功能的相关性

目的 探讨伴躯体症状抑郁症患者血浆皮质醇水平与认知功能的相关性。方法 选取 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 7 月唐山市开滦精神卫生中心收治的 93 例首发轻、中度抑郁症患者为研究对象。 将健康问卷躯体症状群量表（PHQ-15）评分≥ 10 分的患者纳入伴躯体症状抑郁症组（n=53）,将＜ 5 分者 纳入不伴躯体症状抑郁症组（n=40）。采用 24 项汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-24）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表 （MoCA）比较两组患者的抑郁程度和认知功能。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患者上午 8：00 血浆皮 质醇水平并比较。采用 Pearson 相关分析两组患者 HAMD-24、MoCA 评分与血浆皮质醇水平的相关性。 结果 伴躯体症状抑郁症组患者的 HAMD-24 总分为（35.92±3.28）分,高于不伴躯体症状抑郁症组患者 的（31.78±1.70）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。不伴躯体症状抑郁症组患者的 MoCA 总分、注意力、 延迟回忆、定向维度评分高于伴躯体症状抑郁症组［（25.38±2.50）分比（23.98±3.58）分、（5.00±0.64）分 比（4.57±1.14）分、（3.65±0.66）分比（3.21±0.79）分、6.00（5.00,6.00）分比 6.00（6.00,6.00）分］,差异有统 计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。伴躯体症状抑郁症组患者的血浆皮质醇水平为（21.76±5.50）μg/dl,高于不伴躯 体症状抑郁症组患者的（15.34±4.95）μg/dl,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。相关性分析显示,伴躯体症 状抑郁症组患者的血浆皮质醇水平与 HAMD-24 总分呈正相关,与 MoCA 总分以及注意力、延迟回忆、定 向维度评分呈负相关（r=0.550、-0.452、-0.474、-0.513、-0.489;P＜ 0.01）。结论 伴躯体症状抑郁症患 者的抑郁程度重且血浆皮质醇水平高,且血浆皮质醇水平与认知功能存在相关性。     

胃癌合并与不合并抑郁症患者血浆Nesfatin-1及皮质醇浓度的对照研究

目的:比较胃癌合并与不合并抑郁症患者和健康人血浆Nesfatin-1浓度的差异,以及与抑郁严重程度的相关性。方法:采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对16例胃癌合并抑郁症患者(GCD组)、18例胃癌不合并抑郁症患者(GCND组)及26名健康对照(正常对照组)进行评定,同时检测血浆皮质醇及Nesfatin-1浓度,对其浓度与抑郁严重程度相关性进行分析。结果:血浆Nesfatin-1浓度GCD组显著低于GCND组(P0.05),且两组Nesfatin-1浓度均低于正常对照组(P均0.001);血浆皮质醇浓度GCD组显著高于GCND组,但GCND组低于正常对照组(P均0.001)。血浆Nesfatin-1浓度与GCD组的SDS、HAMD评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.601,P=0.014;r=-0.528,P=0.035),而与血浆皮质醇浓度不相关(r=-0.109,P=0.687)。结论:胃癌合并抑郁症患者的血浆Nesfatin-1浓度显著降低,并与胃癌合并抑郁症的发病、以及抑郁严重程度相关。     

临床痊愈在抑郁症治疗中的意义及用药选择

抑郁症是一种常见、慢性且容易复发的精神疾病,发病率较高,在全世界范围内8％～12％在一生中会患有抑郁症。抑郁症会给患者带来极大的健康负担和经济负担,同时也会严重影响患者的社会功能和生活质量。世界卫生组织预计,至2020年抑郁症会成仅次于缺血性心脏病的全球第二大影响伤残调整生命年（disability—adjusted lif eyear,DALY）的疾病。     

抑郁症患者血浆生长激素水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨血浆生长激素(GH)水平与抑郁症之间的关系.方法:采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表对30例抑郁症患者及30例正常对照者进行评定,并采用酶联免疫吸附法测定患者和正常对照者的血浆GH水平.结果:抑郁症患者血浆生长激素水平[(7.2±1.3)ng/ml]显著高于对照组[(1.3±0.7)ng/ml],(t=21.830,P<0...     

中老年期抑郁症治疗前后血清硫化脱氢表雄酮和皮质醇及其比率研究

目的探讨中老年抑郁症患者血清皮质醇、硫化脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate,DHEAS)及二者比率在治疗前后的变化。方法对40例中老年期首发抑郁症患者在治疗前及西酞普兰20mg/d治疗6周后进行血清皮质醇、DHEAS的浓度测定,并和40名正常对照进行比较。采用24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定患者症状。结果治疗前患者组血清皮质醇和皮质醇/DHEAS比率明显高于正常对照组(P0.01),而DHEAS明显低于对照组(P0.01),治疗6周后上述指标均明显改善(P0.01和P0.05),但均仍与对照组有差异(P0.05)。治疗前,轻度抑郁组和重度抑郁组与对照组的血清皮质醇、DHEAS、皮质醇/DHEAS比率的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),重度组3个指标的异常均较轻度组更明显(P0.05或P0.01),治疗后两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,患者组的DHEAS含量、皮质醇/DHEAS比率均与HAMD分值有线性回归关系;而治疗前后皮质醇/DHEAS比率变化与HAMD减分率明显相关(r=0.42,P0.01)。结论中老年期抑郁症患者血清皮质醇、DHEAS、皮质醇/DHEAS比率存在异常,均与抑郁程度相关,比率的变化与抑郁症状的改善有关。     

抑郁症患者治疗前后血浆孤啡肽的研究

Objective To explore the changes of plasma orphanin FQ (OFQ) level in depressive patients before and after treatment. Methods The plasma OFQ levels of 38 depressive patients were determined with radioimmunoassay at baseline and after 8 week antidepressant treatment, and 32 healthy persons were examined once as controls. Results The concentrations of OFQ in patients were significantly higher at baseline than after treatent and in controls [(21.9 ± 2. 3 ) ng/L vs. ( 10. 9 ± 2. 1 ) ng/L; (21.9±2. 3) ng/L vs. (10. 2 ± 1.8 )ng/L; all P < 0. 01]. There were no significant differences in OFQ between patients after treatment and in controls. The OFQ concentration in patients at baseline was positively correlated to the scores of 24-items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) (r =0. 857,P <0. 01 ), the change of OFQ concentration between baseline and after treatment was also positively correlated to the alteration of HAMD scores (r = 0. 342, P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions The results suggest that the alteration of OFQ may be involved in depression.     

难治性抑郁症患者MECT治疗前后血清VEGF水平的变化

目的探讨难治性抑郁症(TRD)患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平在改良电抽搐治疗(MECT)治疗前后的变化情况。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测26例TRD患者MECT治疗前后及27例正常对照者的血清VEGF浓度;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)评估TRD患者的临床症状。组间血清VEGF浓度比较采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,治疗前后血清VEGF浓度变化与HAMD总评分的相关性分析使用Speaman秩相关。结果 TRD患者MECT治疗后24例(92.3%)达到治疗有效标准。TRD组MECT治疗前血清VEGF水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);MECT治疗后血清VEGF水平有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后血清VEGF浓度与HAMD总评分变化的相关性有统计学意义(r=-0.663,P0.01)。结论血清VEGF水平变化可能对临床疗效的评估有一定参考价值。     

脑卒中后抑郁患者血浆皮质醇变化的初步观察

脑卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)系指发生于脑卒中后经相关量表测定证实存在抑郁情绪或处于抑郁的状态,是急性脑卒中后的常见并发症之一。其发生率国内文献报道为22%～61%犤1犦,即约有半数的脑卒中患者在疾病过程中出现需要治疗的情绪低落、失眠、食欲减退或暴饮、暴     

The effect of amphetamine on plasma cortisol in patients with endogenous and non-endogenous depression

Amphetamine sulphate (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) produced no consistent change in plasma cortisol levels in 21 depressed patients. Seven patients with endogenous depression (melancholia) were matched with seven patients with non-endogenous depression; there was no difference in the cortisol response to amphetamine between these two groups.     

A longitudinal evaluation of dexamethasone and cortisol plasma concentrations in the dexamethasone suppression test before and during treatment with antidepressant drugs

Thirty depressed in- and outpatients received serial dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs). Plasma dexamethasone and cortisol concentrations were drawn at 1600 on the day following a 1-mg oral dose of dexamethasone. The first DST was performed after patients were drug-free for a period of 1 week; the second, third, and fourth DSTs while patients received antidepressant medication. Dexamethasone and cortisol concentrations drawn in the drug-free period correlated significantly. The cortisol to dexamethasone ratio changed significantly with time in DST nonsuppressors, suggesting that nonsuppression is associated with an altered pharmacodynamic response of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis to dexamethasone during depression. When dexamethasone concentrations from the drug-free period were compared with those drawn during antidepressant treatment, no significant differences were noted.     

Post-dexamethasone cortisol correlates with severity of depression before and during carbamazepine treatment in women but not men.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies show a state-dependent relationship between depression and post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol level, as well as differences in DST response with age and gender. METHOD: In this study, 74 research in-patients with affective disorders were given the DST on placebo and in a subgroup following treatment with carbamazepine. Depression was evaluated twice daily with the Bunney-Hamburg (BH) rating scale. Data were examined for the total subject population, by gender and by menopausal status in women. RESULTS: A robust positive correlation was observed between depression severity and post-DST cortisol in pre- and postmenopausal females, but not in males. This relationship persisted in women when restudied on a stable dose of carbamazepine (n=42). CONCLUSION: The pathophysiological implications of this selective positive relationship between severity of depression and post-DST cortisol in women, but not men, should be explored further.     

Afternoon plasma cortisol in relation to depression. A replication study

In 37 consecutive depressed inpatients afternoon plasma cortisol (1500-1520 h) was measured in 3 ways: 1) spontaneously; 2) 2 h after oral administration of 60 mg oxazepam; and 3) 16 h after oral administration of 2 mg dexamethasone. Both oxazepam and dexamethasone caused a significant suppression of cortisol secretion. Spontaneous and suppressed cortisol levels correlated significantly to stress/distress items on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (sum of items 8, 9, 10 and 12), whereas no correlations to age, or type of depression were found. In an earlier similar study of 35 patients both spontaneous and suppressed cortisol levels correlated significantly with age, type and severity of depression as well as with the stress/distress items. Those patients were older, more depressed (HRSD-17) and had higher stress/distress scores compared with the present sample of 37 patients. The consistent finding of a correlation with the stress/distress items suggest that this factor is important in relation to the hypersecretion of cortisol during depression and this may explain the limited diagnostic power of spontaneous and suppressed cortisol levels.     

Bupropion SR in the naturalistic treatment of elderly patients with major depression

INTRODUCTION: Bupropion immediate release (IR) and bupropion sustained release (SR) are frequently used to treat geriatric depression, as they have few cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and sexual adverse effects. We sought to examine the efficacy and dosing patterns of bupropion in a naturalistic cohort of elderly subjects with major depression (MD). METHODS: 31 elderly ( > 60 years) patients with unipolar MD (DSM-IV) who were enrolled in Duke's Mental Health Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Later Life were prescribed bupropion SR or IR, alone or in combination with other antidepressant agents, for 12 weeks. Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) scores and clinical global impression (CGI) severity scores were used to define response. RESULTS: 74% (23/31) of the sample were responders (MADRS < 15) and 53% (16/30) achieved a partial (CGI = 2) or complete (CGI = 1) remission of MD at week 12. Among patients treated with bupropion SR monotherapy, the mean (range) maximal daily dose achieved was 240 mg (150-400 mg). Among those treated with bupropion IR, the mean (range) maximum daily dose achieved was 258 mg (150-450 mg). In subjects on monotherapy, 67% (10/15) of MD subjects were responders (MADRS < 15) and 50% (7/14) achieved full or partial remission. Response rates did not differ statistically among those with high and low medical comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: In this naturalistic 12-week study, geriatric MD patients with high and low medical comorbidity responded well to bupropion and bupropion SR. In elderly patients, four to eight week acute treatment periods may be insufficient. Our findings suggest that nearly 50% of elderly depressed subjects at a tertiary center may need combination therapy over the course of their illness. Controlled randomized studies to establish the long-term efficacy and optimal dose of the newer antidepressants in geriatric depression are urgently needed.     

Is the dexamethasone suppression test predictive of response to specific antidepressant treatment in major depression?

The authors attempt to correlate the response to dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with a clinical response to antidepressant drugs in 68 patients with major depression. Antidepressants that influence noradrenergic or serotonergic transmission with relative different potencies were selected and used in standard doses for 6 weeks. The response was evaluated weekly by raters blind to DST results and to antidepressant medications prescribed. The retrospective analysis failed to correlate DST response with outcome of treatment. Therefore the present results suggest that this laboratory test does not help to identify subgroups of depressed patients responding preferentially to various antidepressant drugs.     

Epidemiology and treatment of post-stroke depression

Mood depression is a common and serious complication after stroke. According to epidemiological studies, nearly 30% of stroke patients develop depression, either in the early or in the late stages after stroke. Although depression may affect functional recovery and quality of life after stroke, such condition is often ignored. In fact, only a minority of patients is diagnosed and even fewer are treated in the common clinical practice. Moreover, the real benefits of antidepressant (AD) therapy in post-stroke depression have not been fully clarified. In fact, controlled studies on the effectiveness of ADs in post stroke depression (PSD) are relatively few. Today, data available suggest that ADs may be generally effective in improving mood, but guidelines for the optimal treatment and its length are still lacking.     

Increased 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and patients with major depression,but not h patients with fibromyalgia

There is now firm evidence that major depression is accompanied by increased baseline activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as assessed by means of 24-h urinary cortisol (UC) excretion. Recently, there were some reports that fibromyalgia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), two disorders which show a significant amplitude of depressive symptoms, are associated with changes in the baseline activity of the HPA axis, such as low 24-h UC excretion. The aim of the present study was to examine 24-h UC excretion in fibromyalgia and PTSD patients compared to normal controls and patients with major depression. In the three patient groups, severity of depressive symptoms was measured by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score. Severity of fibromyalgia was measured using a dolorimetrically obtained myalgic score, and severity of PTSD was assessed by means of factor analytical scores computed on the items of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), PTSD Module. Patients with PTSD and major depression had significantly higher 24-h UC excretion than normal controls and fibromyalgia patients. At a threshold value of ≥240 μg/24 h, 80% of PTSD patients and 80% of depressed patients had increased 24-h UC excretion with a specificity of 100%. There were no significant differences in 24-h UC excretion either between fibromyalgia patients and normal controls, or between patients with major depression and PTSD patients. In the three patient groups, no significant correlations were found between 24-h UC excretion and The HDRS score. In fibromyalgia, no significant correlations were found between 24-h UC excretion and the myalgic score. In PTSD, no significant correlations were found between 24-h UC excretion and severity of either depression-avoidance or anxiety-arousal symptoms. In conclusion, this study found increased 24-h UC excretion in patients with PTSD comparable to that in patients with major depression, whereas in fibromyalgia no significant changes in 24-h UC were found.     

抑郁症患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的测定

目的:测定抑郁症患者及正常人血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,评价其意义. 方法:收集46例抑郁症(抑郁症组)及38名健康者(对照组)血液标本,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆Hcy水平,放射免疫法测定血浆维生素B12和叶酸水平,比较两组间差异. 结果:抑郁症组血浆Hcy水平(13.2±6.2)μmol/L,显著高于对照组(7.6±2.4)μmol/L.抑郁症组平均血浆维生素B12水平为(334.0±5.7)ng/L,血浆叶酸水平为(5.9±4.0)μg/L;而对照组分别为(344.0±7.5)ng/L和(7.8±3.0)μg/L,均以抑郁症组显著较低(P<0.05). 结论:血浆Hcy水平升高可能与抑郁症有关.