人睾丸发生过程中NGF表达的研究

目的：研究NGF（神经生长因子）在人胚胎睾丸发生过程中的表达。方法：收集30例12－32周龄胎儿睾丸标本，免疫组织化学ABC法染色，以正常羊血清代替－抗为阴性对照，NGF抗血清的工作浓度为1：100，光镜观察。结果：NGF在人胚胎睾丸组织间质细胞、持支细胞和管周肌样细胞均有表达，曲细精管内精原细胞未见阳性表达，NGF在12周龄睾丸组织未见阳性表达，16周时是表达的高峰，此后呈逐渐下降趋势。结论：NGF在人胚胎睾丸发生过程中有重要作用。     

人睾丸发生过程中表皮生长因子受体表达的研究

目的 :研究表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR)在人胚胎睾丸发生过程中的表达。方法 :收集 30例 12～ 32周龄胎儿睾丸标本 ,免疫组织化学 ABC法染色检测 EGFR,以正常羊血清代替一抗为阴性对照 ,光镜观察。结果 :EGFR在人胚胎睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞、管周肌样细胞呈阳性表达 ,曲细精管内精原细胞未见表达 ;EGFR在 12周龄睾丸组织未见表达 ,16周时是表达的高峰 ,此后呈逐渐下降趋势 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :EGF可能通过与其受体结合在人睾丸发生过程中起重要作用。     

表皮生长因子在小鼠耳蜗发育中的表达

运用免疫组织化学技术（LSAB法），对表皮生长因子（EGF）在昆明种小白鼠内耳发育中的表达进行研究。结果显示：EGF在小鼠胚胎第13d和14d的耳蜗上应及螺旋神经节的神经细胞中有阳性表达，但在前庭感觉器官的上皮中表达很弱。EGF在内耳间充质及内耳软骨包囊中无表达。结果表明：EGF在小鼠耳蜗上皮发育中的表达呈现明显的阶段性及组织特异性分布的特点，说明EGF参与小鼠耳蜗上皮的发育过程，其在小鼠耳蜗上皮发育的增殖期有阳性表达。     

人胎儿不同发育阶段睾丸细胞增殖与凋亡的变化

目的:观察不同胎龄人胎儿睾丸细胞增殖与凋亡的变化规律.方法:采用SP免疫细胞化学方法和TUNEL法观察12-32周龄人胚胎睾丸细胞增殖与凋亡的情况.结果:12周睾丸细胞即出现凋亡,20-32周达高峰,阳性产物定位于细胞核.12周睾丸有大量PCNA阳性细胞,16-24周为表达高峰,随着胎龄的增长呈逐渐下降趋势(P＜0.01).结论:增殖与凋亡在人胎儿睾丸发育过程中有不同程度的表达,表明细胞增殖与凋亡在睾丸组织发育过程中起着重要作用.     

人胎儿发生过程中PCNA在睾丸组织细胞的表达

目的:观察人胎儿发生过程中PCNA在睾丸组织细胞的表达特征，探讨PCNA在睾丸发生中的作用。方法：用SP免疫细胞化学技术检测了人胎儿12－32周睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞、生殖细胞PCNA阳性细胞表达率。结果：PCNA在胎儿睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞、生殖细胞有不同程度表达，16－20周为表达高峰，阳性细胞核为桔黄色或棕黄色，随着胎龄的增长呈逐渐下降趋势（P＜0．01）。结论：人胎儿发育过程中PCNA在睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞、生殖细胞有不同程度的表达。     

增殖性细胞核抗原、C-fos和Bax蛋白在人胚胎舌组织中的表达

目的：探讨增殖性细胞核抗原（PCNA）、C-fos和Bax蛋白在人胚胎舌组织不同发育阶段的分布特征。 方法：应用免疫组织化学法检测第2~4个月胎龄段共16份人胚胎舌组织内PCNA、C-fos和Bax蛋白的表达,分析其变化规律。 结果：第2个月胚龄时,C-fos蛋白在人胚舌组织内未见明显阳性细胞表达分布,PCNA蛋白在人胚舌上皮组织层部分细胞和舌肌组织和纤维组织内少数细胞呈阳性表达。第3个月胎龄时,PCNA和C-fos蛋白在舌上皮组织细胞阳性表达数量最多,舌肌组织和纤维组织内有部分细胞呈阳性表达。第4个月胎龄舌肌组织和纤维组织内PCNA蛋白阳性表达数量增高,C-fos蛋白阳性表达未见明显变化。Bax蛋白仅在第3个月胎龄时呈弱阳性表达。 结论：PCNA、C-fos参与调控人胚胎舌组织细胞的分化发育。     

人胎儿不同发育时期睾丸间质细胞的增殖与凋亡

目的:观察不同胎龄人胎儿睾丸间质细胞增殖与凋亡的特征和规律,探讨二者在睾丸发生中的意义。方法:利用SP免疫细胞化学方法和改进的石蜡切片原位末段标记法(TUNEL法)观察了人胎儿12～32周龄睾丸间质细胞增殖与凋亡阳性细胞表达率。结果:细胞凋亡在胎儿16～32周龄睾丸间质细胞呈阳性表达,16～20周为表达高峰,阳性细胞定位于细胞核为桔黄色或棕黄色;PCNA在胎儿16～20周龄睾丸间质细胞呈阳性表达,16～20周为表达高峰,阳性细胞核为桔黄色或棕黄色,随着胎龄的增长呈逐渐下降趋势(P<0.01)。结论:细胞增殖与凋亡在人胎儿睾丸发育过程中有不同程度的表达;表明细胞增殖与凋亡在睾丸组织发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

表皮生长因子对人绒毛膜促性腺激素分泌的影响及其受体在滋养层细胞中的表达

目的：探讨表皮生长因子（EGF）,表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）在胚胎发育过程中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学的方法对滋养层细胞EGFR表达进行定位,定量分析,同时观察不同浓度的EGF对体外培养绒毛组织分泌人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）的影响。结果：EGFR在不同孕期滋养层细胞表达的强度不同,其中孕早期较妊娠中期,晚期表达强,平均A值高,而在孕早期不同阶段EGFR的表达也有差异,妊娠4－6周,7－9周滋养层细胞表达低于10－12周,EGF具有促进体外培养的绒毛组织分泌HCG的功能,且随浓度增加而分泌功能增强,当EGF浓度为100ng／ml时,HCG的分泌量达到峰值,EGF浓度达到200ng/ml时,HCG的分泌量不再增加。结论：EGFR在不同孕期滋养层细胞表达的强度不同,与妊娠期间孕妇体内HCG的浓度变化具有一致性;EGF在一定范围内具有促进滋养细胞分泌HCG的功能,由于EGFR在滋养层细胞上表达的数量是一定的,当EGF饱和了EGFR所有结合位点HCG分泌不再增加,所以EGF,EGFR可能是通过影响滋养层细胞HCG的分泌来调节胚胎的发育。     

胎儿睾丸发生过程中bFGF的表达研究

目的研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在胚胎睾丸组织发生过程中的表达特征,探讨其在睾丸发生过程中的作用。方法采用HE染色和SP免疫组织化法学法检测bFGF在不同胎龄睾丸组织中的表达变化。结果 bFGF在胎儿睾丸Leydig细胞、生殖细胞中均有不同程度表达,以12～20周为表达高峰,以后随着胎龄的增长均呈下降趋势(P<0.01),24周后很少有阳性表达。结论 bFGF在胚胎睾丸发生、发育过程中有不同程度的表达,表明其在睾丸发生过程中起着一定的作用。     

人胎儿睾丸发生过程中TGF-β1与PCNA的表达

目的:观察TGF-β1与PCNA在人胎儿睾丸发生过程中的表达特征,探讨二者在睾丸发生中的作用.方法:采用SP免疫细胞化学技术检测12～28周人胎儿睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞、生精细胞TGF-β1、PCNA的表达情况.结果:TGF-β1阳性细胞胞浆呈桔黄色或棕黄色颗粒状;在12周胎儿睾丸组织未见表达,在16～28周睾丸间质细胞呈阳性表达,16～20周为表达高峰;随着胎龄的增长TGF-β1阳性细胞率逐渐下降(P＜0.01).PCNA阳性细胞核为桔黄色或棕黄色,在胎儿睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞和生精细胞均有不同程度表达,16～20周为表达高峰,随着胎龄的增长PCNA阳性细胞率逐渐下降(P＜0.01).结论:TGF-β1与PCNA在人胎儿睾丸发育过程中有不同程度的表达,表明TGF-β1与PCNA在睾丸发育过程中起着一定的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.