安阳市城区500例6~13岁儿童肺功能与生长发育指标的关系分析

目的探讨安阳市城区儿童肺功能与生长发育指标的关系。方法按简单随机抽样法,抽取学校500名6~13岁健康儿童,其中男295例,女205例,检测其肺功能主要指标:呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、以及用力呼气流量(FEF),分别取25%、50%、75%肺活量的呼气流速。Pearson相关性分析不同性别儿童肺功能与身高、年龄、体重的关系;且经由多重线性回归分析生长发育指标对肺功能的影响。结果男生FVC显著高于女生,FEF25%低于女生(P<0.05);儿童肺功能主要指标PEF、FEV1、FVC、FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%均与年龄、身高、体重呈正相关(P<0.05);身高对儿童肺功能主要指标均有影响,且较体重和年龄影响大;体重对FVC、FEV1、PEF影响较大,年龄对FEF50%和FEF75%影响较大。结论身高对儿童肺功能影响最大,年龄、体重其次。     

上海市复合型大气污染对儿童肺功能和呼出气一氧化氮的急性效应

【目的】了解复合型大气污染对儿童呼吸道的急性影响。【方法】采用定组研究设计,在上海市徐汇区、虹口区各选择1所小学（A、B）,随机抽取四年级5个班级的学生开展肺功能和呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）的测定,前3次检测开展于2020年5—6月,第4次肺功能检测开展于2021年9—12月。同时收集同期2所学校就近空气质量监测点细颗粒物（PM2.5）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、SO2、NO2、O3、CO大气污染物的日均值和小时均值,收集同期气象监测资料（温度、湿度、风速、大气压）。采用线性混合效应模型分析夏季大气污染对肺功能指标和呼吸道炎症改变指标的影响。【结果】单污染物模型结果显示,PM2.5、PM10、SO2和NO2与FeNO呈正相关,效应体现在滞后0～3日（lag0～lag3）（均P<0.05）,PM2.5、PM10和NO2与肺功能最大呼气流量（PEF）、用力呼气流量25%的呼气流速（FEF25%）、FEF50%、FEF75%、FEF25%～75%、用力呼气量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和FEV1/FVC改变呈负相关,效应体现在lag0～lag3（均P<0.05）。双...     

大气污染对儿童肺通气功能及唾液溶菌酶含量的影响

目的探讨哈尔滨市大气污染对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量及肺功能的影响。方法于2014—2015年在哈尔滨市两个城区测定大气PM2.5浓度,分别在距离监测点500~1 000 m处选择1所小学,对602名儿童进行肺功能、唾液溶菌酶测定及问卷调查。结果污染区(道外区)儿童唾液溶菌酶含量及肺功能指标最大通气量(MVV)低于清洁区(道里区),阻塞指数(OI)高于清洁区,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区不同年级儿童肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、中间呼气流量(MMF)、峰值流量(PEF)、75%用力呼气流量(FEF75)、MVV等肺功能指标随着年级的增加而升高,清洁区不同年级儿童VC、FVC、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、OI、MVV等肺功能指标随着年级的增加而升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量均低于同年级的清洁区儿童;污染区3年级儿童肺功能指标OI高于清洁区,MVV低于清洁区;污染区4年级儿童肺功能指标VC、FVC、FEV1、FEF75、MVV均低于清洁区;污染区5年级儿童肺功能指标FVC低于清洁区;上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区男生肺功能指标VC、FVC、FEV1、MMF、PEF、FEF75、MVV均高于女生,OI低于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。清洁区男生肺功能指标VC、FEV1、MMF、PEF、FEF75、MVV均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量均低于清洁区同性别学生;污染区男生肺功能指标OI低于清洁区,污染区女生肺功能指标FVC、MVV低于清洁区;上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。偏相关分析结果显示,大气PM2.5浓度与唾液溶菌酶含量呈负相关,与肺功能指标VC、FVC、MVV呈负相关,与OI呈正相关,均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大气污染可降低唾液溶菌酶含量及儿童肺通气功能,应注意防范。     

三明市区9～11岁小学生肺功能调查分析

目的了解三明市区9~11岁小学生的肺功能情况,并对相关影响因素进行分析。方法选取三明市三元区和梅列区两所小学634名9~11岁健康小学生进行肺功能检测分析。结果 634名学生中,男生246人,女生288人。9岁、11岁组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)、25%肺活量时的最大呼气流速(FEF25%)、75%肺活量时的最大呼气流速(FEF75%),男生均高于女生;10岁组FEF75%女生高于男生,FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%和FEF75%男女生差异无统计学意义。FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%、FEF75%与年龄、身高、体重呈正相关,FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%与性别呈负相关。结论三明市区9~11岁小学生肺功能指标受年龄、身高、体重和性别的影响,但影响因素不完全相同。     

淄博市8～12岁城区儿童肺功能正常值测定及预测分析

目的建立淄博城区8~12岁儿童肺通气功能的预测方程,为后续评估儿童肺功能状况和呼吸系统疾病预测提供依据。方法于2013年随机抽取淄博市城区东部和西部各1所小学的8~12岁儿童共392人作为研究对象,测量肺功能指标包括用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)、呼吸初期瞬间流量(FEF75%)、呼吸中期瞬间流量(FEF50%)、呼吸后期瞬间流量(FEF25%),以年龄、身高、体重为影响因素,按性别分组后进行多重线性回归分析,建立肺功能指标的预测方程。结果在调查的392例儿童中,男生FVC高于女生(P0.05),FEF25%低于女生(P0.05),其余肺功能指标的性别差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。儿童主要肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1、PEF、MMEF、FEF75%、FEF50%、FEF25%)与身高、年龄、体重均呈正相关(P0.05),其中与身高的相关性最强,如FVC(r男=0.752,r女=0.816)。通过多重线性回归建立了各肺功能指标的预测方程,如男生FEV1=-2.451+0.025×身高+0.007×体重+0.053×年龄,女生FEV1=-2.619+0.027×身高+0.008×体重+0.037×年龄。结论身高是影响儿童肺功能的最重要因素,建立了淄博市城区8~12岁儿童肺功能指标的预测方程。     

上海市某郊区学校儿童肺功能测定结果分析

[目的]了解上海市某郊区学校儿童的肺功能基本情况. [方法]对上海市某郊区小学的3～5年级学生进行肺功能检查. [结果]男女生肺功能主要指标如用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力肺活量(FEV1.0)、峰值呼气流速(PEF)、用力呼气中段流速(FEF2575)、用力呼出25％肺活量的呼吸流速(FEF25％)、用力呼出50％肺活量的呼吸流速(FEF50％)、用力呼出75％肺活量的呼吸流速(FEF75％)等与身高、体重和年龄均呈密切正相关,且与身高的关系最为密切;男生FVC、FEV1.0、PEF、FEF25％高于女生;有17.9％者显示肺通气功能受损,另有6.6％者可能发生早期小气道病变.[结论]肺功能测定是儿童呼吸系统的重要检测手段;儿童肺功能检测中,小气道指标对肺功能早期改变的意义尤其重要.     

焦炉工人尿1-羟基芘与肺通气功能损伤的关系

目的研究焦炉工人尿1-羟基芘(1-OHP)及其蓄积作用与肺通气功能损伤的关系。方法于2009年6—7月选取某焦化厂185名焦炉作业工人为暴露组,同厂辅助工种145人为对照组。使用统一的调查表收集个人基本信息,采用高效液相色谱法检测作业环境空气中苯并(a)芘和研究对象尿1-OHP浓度,采用肺功能仪测定肺功能指标。结果暴露组工人25%肺活量时呼气流速(FEF25)、肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。以尿1-OHP浓度2.3μmol/molCr为界值将暴露组分为高暴露和低暴露,高暴露组75%肺活量时呼气流速(FEF75)、FEF25、VC、FVC、FEV1均低于低暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,暴露组尿1-OHP浓度与50%肺活量时呼气流速(FEF50)、FEF25、最大呼气流速(PEF)、VC、MVV、FEV1呈负相关(P0.05),尿1-OHP的蓄积作用与VC、FVC、MVV、FEV1呈负相关(P0.05)。结论焦炉工人尿1-OHP及其蓄积作用与肺功能损伤有关,可用来反映焦炉工人肺功能损伤情况。     

佛山市禅城区5～14岁儿童肺通气功能正常预计值研究

目的对佛山市禅城区5~14岁健康儿童肺通气功能进行测定,以确定佛山市儿童肺功能的正常值范围和正常预计值方程。方法选取2018年1-10月在该院行肺通气功能检查的5~14岁佛山市禅城区健康儿童360例为研究对象,按每2岁为1个年龄段分为5组,其中5~6岁组67例、7~8岁组69例、9~10岁组74例、11~12岁组73例、13~14岁组77例。使用德国JAEGER公司生产的MasterScreen型肺功能仪进行常规的肺通气功能检查,检查其用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、用力呼出25%肺活量最大流速(FEF25)、用力呼出50%肺活量最大流速(FEF50)、用力呼出75%肺活量最大流速(FEF75)、用力呼气时最高呼气流速(PEF)、最大呼气中期流量(MMEF75/25)、最大通气量(MVV)等指标,并对各参数进行多元逐步回归分析,建立正常预计值方程式。结果肺功能主要参数FVC、FEV1、PEF均随年龄增加而增加,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。5~6岁组、7~8岁组、9~10岁组、11~12岁组儿童不同性别间主要肺功能参数FVC、FEV1、PEF比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);但13~14岁组儿童不同性别间主要肺功能参数FVC、FEV1、PEF比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。肺功能主要参数与年龄、身高、体质量呈正相关关系,其中身高对各参数影响最大,年龄、体质量次之。结论该研究建立了佛山市禅城区5~14岁儿童肺通气功能正常值范围及预计值方程式,为同行开展相关研究提供了可利用的科学数据。     

学龄期肥胖儿童肺功能与血清25羟维生素D水平的相关性分析

目的 分析学龄期肥胖儿童的肺通气功能特征及与血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平的相关性,探究维生素D对肥胖儿童肺功能的影响机制。方法 2019年1月-2020年1月期间,纳入104例6~12岁肥胖儿童,进行身高、体重测量,血清25-(OH)D检测及肺功能检查,比较维生素D缺乏、不足、适宜肥胖儿童的肺通气功能参数;采用多元线性回归分析血清25-(OH)D与肺功能参数的相关性。结果 轻中度肥胖组儿童各项肺功能参数均高于重度肥胖组,且FEF50%、MMEF的差异有统计学意义(t=2.808、2.164,P<0.05)。维生素D缺乏、不足和适宜组儿童FEV1、FVC、PEF、FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%的差异均具有统计学意义(F=3.988、4.758、3.142、5.186、3.478、3.220,P<0.05)。肺功能参数FEV1、FVC、PEF、FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%、MMEF与血清25-(OH)D水平呈线性正相关(B=0.341、0.315、0.371、0.745、0.665、0.715、0.613,P<0.05);FEV1/FVC、FEV1/FVC%与血清25-(OH)D之间未发现明显相关性。结论 血清维生素D水平与学龄期肥胖儿童的部分肺功能参数呈线性正相关,可能是肥胖儿童肺功能的保护性因素。     

全氟化合物对儿童肺功能影响的病例对照研究

探讨全氟化合物对哮喘儿童和一般儿童肺功能影响的性别差异,为采取有效措施保护儿童心肺功能提供参考.方法 从台湾大学医院就诊的哮喘儿童选取132名,从台北地区7所公立中学随机选取168名一般健康儿童.采用Logistic回归和多重线性回归的方法分析血清全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctanesulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluo-rooctanoic acid,PFOA)水平对儿童肺功能的影响.结果 儿童哮喘的患病风险随着全氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAAS)浓度的增加而呈现增高趋势,PFOS与PFOA暴露对儿童哮喘患病风险的优势比分别为1.32(95%CI=1.02~ 1.71)和2.80(95%CI=1.87~4.20).PFOS和PFOA暴露水平与哮喘男童的肺功能水平(FVC,FEV1和FEF25%-75%)呈负相关,男孩血清中PFOS和PFOA水平每增加1μg/L时,FEV1分别下降-0.062(95% CI=-0.106~-0.018)和-0.099(95%CI=-0.197-0.001)L.结论 PFAAs的暴露可以降低儿童肺功能水平,并且男童相较于女童更易感.     

南宁市空气污染水平不同的两区儿童肺功能及其影响因素的研究

目的 比较南宁市不同空气污染水平地区儿童肺功能的差异,探讨肺功能的影响相关因素。方法 按整群抽样方法,在南宁市青秀区和西乡塘区各选1所小学（A校和B校）3～4年级的儿童共537人作为研究对象,进行肺功能测试和问卷调查。结果 两区大气首要污染物都为PM2.5和PM10,青秀区A校周围大气中PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度低于西乡塘区B校（P＜0.05）;控制年龄、身高、体重等因素后,青秀区A校女生FVC、FEV1.0、PEF、FEF25%～75%、FEF25%和FEF50%实测值均高于西乡塘区B校,A校男生FEV1.0实测值也高于B校,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;学校所在地区、房屋1年内购置大件家具、房屋3年内装修、房屋内饲养宠物和使用空气净化器是影响儿童肺功能的主要因素（P＜0.05）。结论 南宁市空气污染与儿童肺功能下降有关,且女生较男生对空气污染物更敏感;室内空气质量也是影响儿童肺功能的重要因素,空气净化器的使用对儿童肺功能有保护作用。     

Acute effect of sulphur dioxide from a power plant on pulmonary function of children, Thailand

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown reversible declines of lung function in response to air pollution, but research on the independent effect of short-term exposure to ambient sulphur dioxide (SO2) on pulmonary function is limited. This study evaluated the association of short-term exposure to increased ambient SO2 and daily pulmonary function changes among children with and without asthma. METHODS: The associations of daily exposure to SO2 and particulate matter 10 microm in diameter (PM10) with pulmonary function were examined in 175 asthmatic and non-asthmatic children aged 6-14 years who resided near a coal-fired power plant in Thailand. Each child performed daily pulmonary function tests during the 61-day study period. General linear mixed models were used to estimate the association of air pollution and pulmonary function controlling for time, temperature, co-pollutants, and autocorrelation. RESULTS: In the asthmatic children, a daily increase in SO2 was associated with negligible declines in pulmonary function, but a small negative association was found between PM10 and pulmonary function. A 10-microg/m(3) increment was associated with changes in the highest forced vital capacity (FVC) (-6.3 ml, 95% CI: -9.8, -2.8), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV(1)) (-6.0 ml, 95% CI: -9.2, 2.7), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (-18.9 ml.sec(-1), 95% CI: -28.5, -9.3) and forced expiratory flow 25 to 75% of the FVC (FEF(25-75%)) (-3.7 ml.sec(-1), 95% CI: -10.9, 3.5). No consistent associations between air pollution and pulmonary function were found for non-asthmatic children. CONCLUSION: Declines in pulmonary function among asthmatic children were associated with increases in particulate air pollution, rather than with increases in SO2.     

Obstructive pulmonary function defects among Taiwanese firebrick workers in a 2-year follow-up study.

The purpose of the study was to follow up an earlier observation of pulmonary function among workers employed in firebrick-manufacturing factories. A 2-year follow-up study of pulmonary function among 442 workers in 30 firebrick-manufacturing factories was designed. Excluding 79 workers with a history of other occupational dust exposure, changes in pulmonary function of 291 firebrick workers were compared with pulmonary function in 72 control subjects over a period of 2 years. Baseline pulmonary function values (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity has been expelled [FEF50%] in smoking firebrick workers, and FEV1/FVC and FEF75% in nonsmoking firebrick workers) were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. The statistical method for repeated measurements was used for comparison of the difference between follow-up and baseline lung function. There was no significant difference in FVC and FEV1 changes between firebrick workers and those in the comparison group during the 2-year follow-up period. The decreases in FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal midexpiratory flow, and FEF50% in the firebrick workers were significantly greater than in the comparison group, after adjustment for smoking status. The FEV1, maximal midexpiratory flow, FEF50%, and FEF75% also showed a dose-response relationship with job titles. The decrement of pulmonary function in the 2-year follow-up period was the worst in burning work, followed by crushing and molding. The results show that workers in firebrick-manufacturing factories with exposure to silica-containing dusts may contract obstructive pulmonary function defects.     

陶瓷作业工人肺功能测试结果分析

目的了解陶瓷作业工人肺功能损害的情况,为预防尘肺病发生提供依据。方法选择某陶瓷厂200名接尘工人,平均年龄为（32.31±8.25）岁,另选取非接尘工人50名为对照组,平均年龄为（34.88±9.75）岁,采用意大利的spirolabII型的肺功能仪,测试的项目包括肺活量（VC）、用力呼吸肺活量（FVC）、第1s用力呼气量（FEV1）、一秒率（FEV1%）、最大呼气中段流速（FEF25-75）、最大呼气25%、50%、75%肺活量时流量（FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%）;应用SPSS13.0统计软件统计分析。结果接尘组的肺功能指标FEV1、FEV1%、FEF25-75、FEF50%、FEF75%明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;接尘工龄在10年～、15年～、20年～组的工人肺功能指标中VC、FVC、FEF25-75、FEF50%、FEF75%的测试均值明显低于接尘工龄〈5年组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论陶瓷粉尘对作业工人的肺功能有损害作用,且随着接尘工龄的增加肺功能受损害程度增加。     

Effects of ozone and other pollutants on the pulmonary function of adult hikers.

This study evaluated the acute effects of ambient ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and strong aerosol acidity on the pulmonary function of exercising adults. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, volunteers (18-64 years of age) were solicited from hikers on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Volunteer nonsmokers with complete covariates (n = 530) had pulmonary function measured before and after their hikes. We calculated each hiker's posthike percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of these two (FEV1/FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC(FEF25-75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Average O3 exposures ranged from 21 to 74 ppb. After adjustment for age,sex, smoking status (former versus never), history of asthma or wheeze, hours hiked, ambient temperature, and other covariates, there was a 2.6% decline in FEV1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-4.7; p = 0.02] and a 2.2% decline in FVC (CI, 0.8-3.5; p =0.003) for each 50 ppb increment in mean O3. There were consistent associations of decrements in both FVC (0.4% decline; CI,0.2-0.6, p = 0.001) and PEFR (0.8% decline; CI, 0.01-1.6; p = 0.05) with PM2.5 and of decrements in PEFR (0.4% decline; CI, 0.1-0.7; p = 0.02) with strong aerosol acidity across the interquartile range of these exposures. Hikers with asthma or a history of wheeze (n = 40) had fourfold greater responsiveness to ozone than others. With prolonged outdoor exercise, low-level exposures to O3, PM2.5, and strong aerosol acidity were associated with significant effects on pulmonary function among adults. Hikers with a history of asthma or wheeze had significantly greater air pollution-related changes in pulmonary function.     

A longitudinal study of lung function in jute processing workers.

A 5-y follow-up study of pulmonary function was conducted in 1982 and in 1987 for 50 current and retired jute-processing workers who had been employed for more than 10 y in a jute mill in China. Control subjects, who had no history of dust or gas exposure, were selected from a paper-packing plant in the same city. Forced expiratory maneuvers were conducted in the same manner in both 1982 and 1987. The jute workers' pulmonary functions, i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%), were more compromised than were pulmonary functions in the controls for the same 5-y period; however, only the increased incidence of abnormal FEV1.0s in jute workers was statistically significant. Male jute workers had significantly higher annual decrements of FVC, FEV1.0, and FEF25-75% than did control workers. Regression analysis indicated that in 1987, predicted values of FEV1.0 and FEF25-75% for the jute workers were related to years of employment. Our results suggest that long-term exposure to jute dust could produce chronic loss of lung function.     

Changes in lung function of children after an air pollution decrease

Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75), and maximal expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (MEF50) were measured in 1,880 school children who lived in urban areas before and after a decrease of air pollution. A group of 162 children from a suburban area served as controls. In the first survey, FEV1.0, FEF25-75, and MEF50 of children from urban areas were significantly lower, while in the second survey they were not significantly different from those of controls. The slopes over time of FEV1.0, FEF25-75, and MEF50, adjusted for sex and anthropometric variables, were closely related to the decrease of pollutants concentration. Our results suggest that a decrease of air pollution may produce an improvement of lung function.     

Notch1和PTEN在儿童支气管哮喘中的意义

目的探讨Notch1和磷酸酯酶和张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)在儿童支气管哮喘中的作用及意义。方法选取2015年1月-2018年1月河南某医院诊治的41例支气管哮喘患儿(观察组)及同期在该院进行健康体检的40例儿童(对照组)作为研究对象。检测研究对象肺功能指标[一秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)、FEV 1/用力肺活量(FVC)、用力呼气中期流速(FEF25%~75%)、用力呼气50%肺活量的瞬间流速(FEF50%)、用力呼气75%肺活量的瞬间流速(FEF75%)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)]、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)水平,qRT-PCR检测Notch1和PTEN mRNA表达水平,将所得数据进行统计分析。结果观察组研究对象的FEV 1,FEV 1/FVC,FEF25%~75%,FEF50%及FEF75%分别为(1.38±0.65)L,(60.35±10.42)%,(3.15±1.23)L/s,(1.76±0.79)L/s及(0.78±0.54)L/s,均低于对照组的(2.47±0.53)L,(79.46±13.26)%,(4.09±1.57)L/s,(2.57±1.03)L/s及(1.25±0.38)L/s(均P<0.05)。观察组研究对象的FeNO为(17.35±11.53)ppb,高于对照组的(10.46±4.25)ppb(P<0.05)。观察组研究对象的Eos及IL-6分别为(0.36±0.13)×10^9/L及(0.73±0.17)ng/mL,均高于对照组的(0.16±0.11)×10^9/L及(0.38±0.14)ng/mL(均P<0.05)。观察组研究对象的Notch1 mRNA水平为1.52±0.13,明显高于对照组的0.87±0.09(P<0.05);观察组研究对象的PTEN mRNA水平为0.38±0.08,明显低于对照组的1.17±0.19(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,Notch1 mRNA的表达水平与FEV 1,FEV 1/FVC,FEF25%~75%,FEF50%及FEF75%等指标呈现负相关(均P<0.05),与FeNO,IL-6和Eos等指标呈正相关(均P<0.05)。而PTEN mRNA的表达水平与FEV 1,FEV 1/FVC,FEF25%~75%,FEF50%及FEF75%等指标呈现正相关(均P<0.05),与FeNO,IL-6和Eos呈负相关(均P<0.05)。且Notch1 mRNA的表达与PTEN mRNA的表达呈现负相关(P<0.05)。结论哮喘患儿体内Notch1水平上调,Notch1可通过抑制PTEN表达及促进IL-6等炎症分子表达,诱导哮喘的发生和进展。     

A follow-up study of respiratory function in workers exposed to acid aerosols in a food-processing industry

A follow-up investigation was performed on 49 female workers studied 2 years earlier in a vegetable-pickling plant. Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity measurements were recorded during the original and the follow-up studies. Maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves were recorded during the Monday morning work shift. The forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and flow rates at 50% and the last 25% of the FVC (FEF50, FEF25) were measured. There were small increases in the prevalence of chronic symptoms between the two studies for both smokers and nonsmokers, but these did not reach statistical significance. Five workers at the time of the initial study had a diagnosis of occupational asthma; only one of these was still working at the time of follow-up. Workers lost to the follow-up had lower lung function than those seen at follow-up. In workers who were followed, larger than expected mean annual declines were noted for all ventilatory capacity parameters in both smokers (FVC 0.070 l, FEV1 0.070 l; FEF50 0.355 l/s, FEF25 0.270 l/s) and nonsmokers (FVC 0.045 l, FEV1 0.045 l, FEF50 0.285 l/s; FEF25 0.130 l/s). The decrease was particularly pronounced for FEF50 and FEF25. The accelerated decline in ventilatory capacity tests noted in the female nonsmokers suggests an independent effect on lung function of work exposure in this environment. Our data confirm that work in the pickling industry, particularly in small, poorly regulated plants, has deleterious effects on respiratory function. Received: 24 September 1996 / Accepted: 19 June 1997