腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效及应用价值。方法将40例肝内胆管结石患者分为两组,对照组20例,以传统开腹手术配合术中胆道镜取石;观察组20例,以腹腔镜术中胆道镜联合钬激光碎石,比较两组临床疗效。结果观察组中残余结石完全取净18例（90％）,平均手术时间140min,半均住院时间8．3d,无切口感染,术后残余结石2例,经T管窦道胆道镜再次取石。对照组取净结石12例（60％）,平均手术时间125min,平均住院时间14．2d,切口感染4例,术后残余结石8例,经T管窦道配合胆道镜再次取石,其中多次镜下取石3例,再次开腹手术1例。两组在结石取净率、平均手术次数、切口感染率、平均住院时间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,平均手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜下钬激光联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石,安全、高效、微创。     

腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石54例

回顾分析行腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石54例患者的临床资料,其中手术成功49例,5例中转开腹,手术时间70-180min,平均120min。40例留置T型管,术后平均22（18～32）d拔除T型管,1例发生胆瘘,1例残留结石,其余病例无胆管狭窄、胆管出血和残留结石等手术并发症。腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石具有创伤轻、痛苦小、康复快、腹腔脏器干扰少等优点,同时能取得与开腹手术相同的治疗效果。     

胆道镜钬激光碎石术联合肝叶切除术治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石

目的 探讨胆道镜钬激光碎石术联合肝叶切除治疗复杂肝内胆管结石的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年6月浙江中医药大学附属嘉兴市中医院42例利用胆道镜及钬激光碎石术联合肝叶切除术治疗复杂肝内胆管结石（联合治疗组）的患者临床资料,并与同期40例未使用钬激光碎石、仅使用胆道镜实施肝叶切除术的复杂肝内胆管结石（传统治疗组）的患者临床资料进行对比分析。结果 与传统治疗组相比,联合治疗组手术时间稍延长[（242.1±41.2）min vs（224.5±38.1）min,t=2.01,P=0.048],但术后平均住院时间更短[（17.2±3.9）d vs （20.9±4.0）d,t=-4.287,P＜0.001]、住院费用更少[（3.45±0.47）万元 vs（3.66±0.47）万元,t=-2.077,P=0.041]。术后联合治疗组无胆道感染发生,结石复发率[1（2.38%）vs 9（22.50%）]、术后总并发症发生率[（2（4.76%）vs 21（52.50%）]均低于传统治疗组,差异具统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 利用胆道镜钬激光碎石术联合肝叶切除术治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石,具有创伤小、恢复快、结石清除率高、术后并发症少等优点,效果良好,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石115例体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效及应用价值。方法应用腹腔镜、胆道镜、钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石115例,经胆总管取石。术后2—3个月经T管窦道再次胆道镜探查及取石。结果顺利完成手术106例,成功率92．2％,9例中转开腹（7．8％）。30例术后Ⅲ级胆管残留结石（26．1％）,8例Ⅱ级胆管残留结石（7．0％）,胆总管无残留结石。经T管窦道胆道镜探查97例,取石27例（27．8％）,其中单纯取石篮套取石19例（19．6％）,再次钬激光碎取石8例（8．2％）。多次镜下取石6例,1例镜下取石多达12次。再次手术3例（2．6％）。结论腹腔镜胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石微创、高效,且安全实用。     

胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗术后难取性肝内胆管结石

目的探讨胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗术后肝内胆管难取性结石的价值。方法2010年7月～2012年7月,采用纤维胆道镜下用钬激光碎石治疗术后肝内胆管难取性结石（嵌顿结石或结石〉1em）37例,功率0．8—1．2J／5～10Hz。结果37例行钬激光碎石1～12次,平均2．6次。1例因结石位于四级胆管,胆道镜无法进入,未完全取净,36例结石全部取净,成功率为97．3％（36／37）,碎石过程中无胆管壁灼伤、胆道穿孔。36例结石取净者术后随访3～25个月,平均12．3月,B超复查未发现结石复发。结论对于术后肝内胆管难取性结石,胆道镜下钬激光碎石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

钬激光联合胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管复杂性结石

肝胆管结石是一种难治性胆道疾病，发病率在结石性胆管疾病中达80％以上，复杂性肝胆管结石即使行胆管切开取石及部分肝叶切除亦难以取尽，往往需借助术后胆道镜取石。我院将胆道镜与钬激光联合应用于胆管疾病，行术后处理肝内外胆管复杂难取性结石，报道如下。     

胆道镜联合钬激光治疗复杂性肝内外胆管结石

目的探讨胆道镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肝内外胆管结石的可行性。方法分析我科31例行胆道镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肝内外胆管结石的临床资料。结果本组27例一次性取净结石,其余4例在术后复查时发现少量残余结石。术后无胆漏、胆道出血、胆管狭窄发生。结论对于肝内、外复杂性胆管结石,胆道镜联合钬激光碎石术具有创伤小、恢复快、操作方便、残石率低等优点,可在临床推广使用。     

钬激光联合胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管术后残余结石

目的探讨钬激光联合胆道镜在治疗肝内外胆管术后残余结石的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2006年8月～2011年6月期间胆管术后残余结石患者27例,经窦道置入胆道镜,遇见结石无法用取石篮取出时,应用钬激光在胆道镜直视下碎石,后再用取石篮取出。结果本组27例患者,26例取石成功,1例因胆管结石术后患者胆道狭窄,胆道镜无法进入而失败,术中无胆道出血、胆管损伤等并发症出现,术后随访半年,拔管前常规行胆管造影和(或)B超检查,无胆管炎、胆管狭窄、结石复发征象。结论钬激光联合胆道镜治疗胆管术后残余结石,具有创伤小、恢复快、安全、有效等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管钬激光碎石取石治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜(双镜)经胆囊管钬激光碎石取石治疗肝内外胆管结石的效果。方法回顾性分析2015-12—2018-12间在郑州人民医院接受双镜经胆囊管钬激光碎石取石的肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料。结果 56例患者均1次取净结石,均未放置T管引流。手术时间为(139.30±30.10)min,术中出血量为(63.60±40.10)mL,术后未发生胆漏等并发症,住院时间为(10.20±2.65)d。随访3～36个月,未发生胆道狭窄、结石残留及复发。结论对于胆囊管内径≥3 mm的肝内外胆管结石患者,应用双镜经胆囊管钬激光碎石取石术,效果可靠、安全性高。     

腹腔镜、胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石术治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石治疗肝内外胆管结石的可行性。方法：回顾分析2008～2012年为45例肝内外胆管结石患者行腹腔镜胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石治疗的临床资料。结果：45例患者中3例中转开腹;42例成功完成手术,手术时间90～150 min,平均（110±16）min。术后残留结石7例,6例一次取石成功,1例两次取石成功;术后均有轻至中度肝功损害,对症治疗后痊愈;1例少量胆漏,经引流治愈,无切口感染、血栓等其他并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜、胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石术治疗肝内外胆管结石具有患者创伤小、术后康复快等优点,安全、实用。     

两镜联合钬激光治疗复杂性胆道结石

目的:探讨腹腔镜下钬激光通过胆道镜通道治疗复杂性胆道结石的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2009年3月至2013年12月为23例复杂性胆道结石患者行两镜联合钬激光碎石术的临床资料,其中19例术前确定行钬激光碎石术,4例因两镜取石困难改行钬激光碎石,采用200μm光导纤维,功率为1.5 J/10 Hz,每次激发点射间隔1 s以上,直视下碎石,击碎后注水冲出或取石篮取出。结果:患者无一例中转开腹,手术时间平均(92.5±23.1)min,碎石时间平均(32.6±15.5)min,碎石时激光点射5~10次,共碎石46枚,术后平均住院(8.5±2.0)d,结石残留2例,发生全身炎症反应综合征3例,胆道出血1例,无胆漏、腹腔脓肿,21例随访3~6个月,未见胆道狭窄。结论:两镜联合钬激光治疗复杂性胆道结石具有患者创伤小、碎石操作直观、安全有效等特点,为复杂性胆道结石的治疗提供了新途径。     

手助腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的临床研究

目的:评价手助腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的可行性和微创性。方法:2004年7月至2008年12月天津微创外科中心共收治符合研究条件的患者68例,随机分为手助腹腔镜肝切除组(hand-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy,HALH)和开腹肝切除组(open hepatectomy,OH),对比分析两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、止痛剂应用例次、术后住院时间及围手术期C反应蛋白的变化。结果:HALH组与OH组的手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但HALH组术后肠道功能恢复较OH组快,且住院时间短,止痛剂应用次数少,术后C反应蛋白上升幅度小、下降快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HALH治疗肝胆管结石比开腹手术患者创伤小,康复快。     

腹腔镜下硬性胆道镜结合开腹胆道器械行胆总管切开取石术的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术,以寻找较简便、有效的手术方法。方法:为61例患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术,其中46例术中使用硬性胆道镜结合开腹胆道器械取石(硬性胆道镜组),15例采用纤维胆道镜网篮取石(纤维胆道镜组),对比分析两种方法的手术时间、住院时间、术后残石率、中转开腹率、手术费用、设备及网篮等耗材费用等。结果:两组患者手术时间、住院时间、残石率、中转开腹率、手术费用及耗材费用等方面差异有统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜下使用开腹胆道取石器械取石方法简便、有效且经济,值得临床推广使用。     

Efficacy of percutaneous treatment of biliary tract calculi using the holmium:YAG laser

Background Few Western studies have focused on percutaneous techniques using percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy (PTHC) and holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) laser to ablate biliary calculi in patients unable or unwilling to undergo endoscopic or surgical removal of the calculi. The authors report the efficacy of the holmium:YAG laser in clearing complex biliary calculi using percutaneous access techniques. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 13 non-Asian patients with complex secondary biliary calculi treated percutaneously using holmium:YAG laser. Percutaneous access was accomplished via left, right, or bilateral hepatic ducts and upsized for passage of a 7-Fr video choledochoscope. Lithotripsy was performed under choledochoscopic vision using a holmium:YAG laser with 200- or 365-μm fibers generating 0.6 to 1.0 joules at 8 to 15 Hz. Patients underwent treatment until stone clearance was confirmed by PTHC. Downsizing and subsequent removal of percutaneous catheters completed the treatment course. Results Seven men and six women with an average age of 69 years underwent treatment. All the patients had their biliary tract stones cleared successfully. Of the 13 patients, 3 were treated solely as outpatients. The average length of percutaneous access was 108 days. At this writing, one patient still has a catheter in place. The average number of holmium:YAG laser treatments required for stone clearance was 1.6, with no patients requiring more than 3 treatments. Of the 13 patients, 8 underwent a single holmium:YAG laser treatment to clear their calculi. Prior unsuccessful attempts at endoscopic removal of the calculi had been experienced by 7 of the 13 patients. Five patients underwent percutaneous access and subsequent stone removal as their sole therapy for biliary stones. Five patients were cleared of their calculi after percutaneous laser ablation of large stones and percutaneous basket retrieval of the remaining stone fragments. There was one complication of pain requiring admission, and no deaths. Conclusions The use of PTHC with holmium:YAG laser ablation is safe and efficacious, but requires prolonged biliary access and often multiple procedures to ensure clearance of all calculi.     

钬激光联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石

目的探讨钬激光联合胆道镜在治疗复杂性胆总管结石中的价值。方法通过胆道镜工作通道，应用钬激光，功率为1．0J／10Hz，直径为200μm光导纤维，在直视下接触结石，将胆总管结石击碎后注水冲出，或用取石篮套出。结果17例均取石成功，取石时间10—50min，平均20min。探查后胆总管一期缝合8例，T管引流6例，经窦道取石3例，术后无胆道出血，胆漏。16例随访6—15个月，平均10个月，腹部B超或磁共振胆胰管造影（magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP）检查，未发现结石复发及残留，无胆道狭窄。结论钬激光联合胆道镜治疗复杂性胆总管结石，具有创伤小、恢复快、碎石确切、操作容易、安全有效等优点，为治疗复杂性胆总管结石开辟了一条新的治疗途径。     

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目的 研究复杂的肝内胆管结石的手术治疗方法。方法 对１５例肝内胆管广泛多发结石病人,实施左肝外叶切除广口肝胆管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术,并进行跟踪随访。结果 本组无严重术后并发症。随访３．５￣７．５年,平均４．８年,１４例症状完全消失,１例偶有胆管炎发作。Ｂ超检查;１３例无残石,２例右肝后叶残留少量结石。结论 左肝外叶切除广口肝胆管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术治疗肝内胆管广泛多发结石远期疗效较     

Management of complex biliary tract calculi with a holmium laser

The difficulty in managing complex biliary tract calculi is exemplified in patients with primary intrahepatic calculi. Standard surgical and endoscopic approaches often fail to clear calculi in these patients who have recurrent episodes of cholangitis. The success of the holmium laser for urologic calculi led us to adapt treatment strategies for primary and secondary biliary tract calculi where standard treatments had been unsuccessful. Our goals were to remove all calculi, prevent recurrent sepsis, and preserve hepatic parenchyma. Thirty-six patients with complex biliary calculi were treated. After sepsis was controlled and the extent of calculi was evaluated, appropriate access to and drainage of the biliary tract was achieved. Holmium laser lithotripsy was performed under video guidance using flexible choledochoscopes and a 200 μ laser fiber generating 0.6 to 1.0 joules at frequencies of 6 to 10 Hz. Lithotripsy procedures were repeated until cholangiography and cholangioscopy confirmed the clearance of calculi. Twenty-two patients of Asian descent with primary intrahepatic calculi and 14 patients with secondary intrahepatic calculi were treated. Access to the biliary tract could be accomplished through percutaneous catheter tracts, T-tube tracts, or the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Biliary drainage was by biliary enteric anastomosis or endoscopic sphincterotomy. Complete stone clearance required an average of 3.9 procedures (range 1 to 15) for patients with primary intrahepatic calculi and 2.6 procedures (range 1 to 10) for patients with secondary intrahepatic calculi regardless of stone composition. No patient required hepatic resection and no complications or deaths were attributed to the holmium laser. Clearance of calculi can reliably and safely be achieved with a holmium laser regardless of stone composition or location while preserving hepatic parenchyma and preventing recurrent sepsis. Presented at the Fourth Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Congress, Miami Beach, Florida, February 27-March 2, 2003.     

胆道镜配合钬激光术中治疗难取性胆管结石的临床应用体会

目的探讨胆道开放手术中经胆道镜配合钬激光治疗难取性肝内胆管结石的方法、疗效及安全性。方法 56例难取性肝内胆管结石采取经胆道镜配合钬激光碎石治疗。结果 53例一次性完全清除;3例碎石未能一次性完全清除结石,需再用切肝或胆管切开取石。一次性清除率为94.6%。全组病例未发生胆道损伤出血、胆漏、感染等并发症。结论术中胆道镜配合钬激光碎石是治疗肝内胆管难取性结石的一种安全、有效的技术。