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1.
目的探讨临时心脏起搏在抢救危险性缓慢型心律失常患者的可行性和疗效。方法55例因多种严重缓慢型心律失常的患者应用普通双极电极导管或球囊漂浮电极导管进行临时心脏起搏,根据X线透视下电极在心脏内的位置或起搏心电图图形特点及导管深度,判断起搏方法的可行性和成功率。结果55例患者临时心脏起搏均获成功,其中球囊漂浮电极床边紧急起搏18例,X线透视下起搏37例。无感染、无血栓形成或栓塞、元气胸、无静脉炎、无心脏穿孔等并发症发生。结论应用普通电极导管或球囊漂浮电极导管进行临时心脏起搏,对于严重缓慢型心律失常的抢救起到了关键性的作用,易于在基层医院推广应用。  相似文献   

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经股静脉球囊飘浮电极导管心脏临时起搏的临床观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨经股静脉应用球囊漂浮电极导管行床旁心脏临时起搏的方法学和可行性。方法对86例因多种心律失常需要临时起搏的患者应用球囊漂浮电极导管经股静脉进行心脏临时起搏,通过分析其起搏心电图图形特点、X线胸片和测量导管深度,判定该起搏方法的可行性和成功率,分析起搏失败的原因。结果经股静脉床旁心脏临时起搏起搏点主要为右心室心尖部和流出道,导管深度分别为(57.2±3.2)cm和(54.3±3.1)cm,右心室流出道起搏感知不良的发生率较心尖部高(P<0.05),两组间起搏阈值差异无统计学意义。通过起搏心电图图形和导管深度指导下应用球囊漂浮电极导管即刻成功率高达98.8%。结论经股静脉床旁应用球囊漂浮电极导管进行心脏临时起搏是一项安全有效、可行的起搏方法。  相似文献   

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目的观察严重缓慢性心律失常进行紧急床边心脏临时起搏治疗的效果。方法对20例患者采用Seldinger法穿刺左锁骨下静脉,在体表心电图监护下送入漂浮球囊电极直到起搏脉冲夺获心室。结果20例患者中,起搏成功19例,成功率达95%。从开始穿刺到成功起搏的时间为15~20min,平均起搏阈值为0.7±0.4V。1例临时心脏起搏失败,1例患者于第2天发生临时起搏导管移位而引起起搏失败,1例急性心肌梗死患者在临时心脏起搏过程中死于室颤。结论应用漂浮球囊电极行床边临时心脏起搏治疗严重缓慢性心律失常的技术值得推广应用。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨经皮介入床旁漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏术的临床应用价值.方法 在体表心电图监测下,47例患者采用经皮穿刺床旁介入置漂浮电极导管进行心脏临时起搏治疗.结果 47例患者一次穿刺成功率8 3%(39/47),起搏成功率91.5%(43/47),从穿刺开始到成功起搏的时间(6±3.8)min(5~15min),临时起搏导管留置时间为(7±4.9)天(3~12天).未见与临时心脏起搏术有关的意外和并发症.结论 在体表心电图指引下床旁漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏,必将对挽救病人的生命,提高抢救的成功率起到非常重要的积极作用,但同时一定要加强原发病的抢救和治疗,并维持重要血流动力学的稳定.  相似文献   

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目的 分析漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏在围手术期中的应用。方法 针对30例围手术期心脏临时起搏患者,将其分为试验组和对照组,且每组都有15例患者,对照组患者采取常规治疗方法;试验组中患者结合病情,采取漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏措施,观察两组患者的临床效果,分析在围手术期应用漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏的应用。结果 在两组患者中,试验组患者临床效果要高于对照组临床效果,应用漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏治疗围手术期患者具有一定价值,两组之间差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论 临床中,对于围手术期心脏临时起搏患者进行治疗中,应该针对患者采用漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏措施,较常规普通电极临时起搏具有更好的疗效,能够提高临床患者治病疗效,有效改善患者心肺功能,可以使得患者病情明显好转,值得在实际中推广。  相似文献   

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目的探讨颈内漂浮导管临时心脏起搏的方法、疗效和可行性。方法对32例严重缓慢性心律失常的患者采用seldinger法穿刺技术,经颈内静脉放入球囊漂浮导管,进行床旁临时心脏起搏。结果 32例中26例经右颈内静脉穿刺立刻起搏成功,有效起搏平均时间为6min,6例患者手术操作失败。结论颈内静脉漂浮导管床旁临时心脏起搏可以快速地恢复心脏的跳动,得以改善血流动力学,提高心脏复苏的成功率。  相似文献   

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目的探讨床旁球囊漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏治疗在交感电风暴患者中的应用价值。方法选择我院重症医学科病房交感电风暴患者40例,随机分为两组,对照组(A组)和临时起搏组(B组)各20例,A组采用常规应用抗心律失常药物治疗,B组在抗心律失常药物治疗的基础上床旁置入球囊漂浮电极导管进行心脏临时起搏治疗。结果 A组有15例心律失常得到有效控制,有效率为75%,平均控制时间为(72.2±12.4)h,B组有17例心律失常得到有效控制,有效率为85%,有效率略高于A组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),平均控制时间为(42.5±11.4)h,明显低于对照组(P<0.05);B组20例患者均成功置入电极导管进行心脏起搏,平均置入时间为(15.5±5.6)min,临时起搏留置时间2~7d。结论床旁球囊漂浮电极导管心脏临时起搏辅助治疗交感电风暴患者快速有效,安全性高,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨床旁锁骨下静脉快速临时起搏器安置术的临床疗效及安全性。方法 38例不同病因所致严重缓慢型心律失常、心脏骤停者,在床旁通过左锁骨下静脉穿刺的方法,应用漂浮球囊电极导管,观察起搏信号、插入导管的长度、QRS波群形态及测定阈值,将电极送入右心室,行紧急床旁临时心脏起搏术。结果成功起搏37例(97.37%),所用时间平均(6.8±4.2)min,植入深度为(37.45±3.40)cm,平均留置时间为(4.4±2.6)d,起搏阈值为(0.96±0.35)V。无严重并发症发生。结论经左锁骨下静脉途径植入球囊起搏电极导管能迅速安全行心室起搏。  相似文献   

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《中国医药科学》2016,(2):146-149
目的探讨股静脉漂浮电极导管临时心脏起搏器术在Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞中的应用。方法选取我院2012年1月~2015年1月期间内科住院部Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者69例作为研究组,采用股静脉漂浮电极导管临时心脏起搏器术,同期选取65例健康体检者作为对照组,比较两组血浆BNP、血清cTnI水平及其临时心脏起搏治疗前后心功能指标的差异。结果临时心脏起搏治疗前,研究组血浆BNP、血清cTnI水平均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),临时心脏起搏治疗后,研究组血浆BNP、血清cTnI水平均低于同组临时心脏起搏治疗前,LVEF、CI均明显高于临时心脏起搏治疗前,LAD、LVEDD均明显低于临时心脏起搏治疗前,临时心脏起搏治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),临时心脏起搏治疗患者电极一次性到位成功率高,未见明显并发症出现。结论股静脉漂浮电极导管临时心脏起搏器术通过显著降低BNP、cTnI水平,从而显著改善Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者的心功能,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨应用气囊漂浮电极在床旁心脏临时起搏的可行性、有效性、安全性。方法将急需床边心脏临时起搏的急诊或住院患者随机分成普通电极组及气囊漂浮电极组。前瞻性对照研究,比较两组的电极放置时间、成功率、并发症发生率、电极脱位率。结果与普通电极组相比,气囊漂浮电极放置时间短、成功率高、并发症发生率低、电极脱位率低。结论用气囊漂浮电极行床旁心脏临时起搏的可行、快速、安全、有效,值得推广应用。  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
  相似文献   

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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

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The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.  相似文献   

18.
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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