眼睛蛇毒心脏毒素对大鼠心肌细胞收缩及细胞内钙离子的作用

目的 研究眼睛蛇毒心脏毒素（Cardiotoxin，CTX）对心肌细胞的形态、收缩幅度和细胞内钙离子（[Ca^2＋]i）的作用。方法 应用荧光计量法（以Fura-2／AM为荧光染料）及光学成像系统来测定单个心肌细胞[Ca^2＋]i和收缩幅度。结果 0．001～1μmol／L的CTX使心肌细胞由杆状变成圆形，药物的作用从第1分钟时开始，到第20分钟时趋于稳定。在电刺激存在的情况下，1μmol／L的CTX最初导致电诱导的[Ca^2＋]i和收缩幅度瞬间增加，接下来[Ca^2＋]i时程延长，最终细胞对电刺激不敏感、突然收缩、[Ca^2＋]i持续增高。在缺乏电刺激的情况下，1μmol／L的CTX可诱导Ca^2＋震荡波、持续性[Ca^2＋]i增高，这种作用与40mmol／L的KCl和10mmol／L咖啡因所引起的[Ca^2＋]i瞬间增加不同。结论 CTX作用初期使[Ca^2＋]i增高，使细胞[Ca^2＋]。超载，同时伴随细胞形状的改变。     

芥子碱对PC12细胞内游离钙升高的影响

目的:考察芥子碱对高钾除极和谷氨酸引起细胞外钙内流以及咖啡因和环匹阿尼酸(cyclopiazonic acid,CPA)引起细胞内钙释放所导致的PCI2细胞内游离钙升高的影响.方法:PCI2细胞用终浓度为5 μmol·L-1的钙离子荧光指示剂Fluo-3/AM于37℃避光负载孵育.细胞内游离钙([Ca2 ]i)用Victor Ⅱ1420多功能标记分析仪检测,以荧光强度(FI)表示.结果:当有外钙存在时,PCI2细胞静息[Ca2 ]i的FI值为(1188±163),75 mmol·L-1 KCl和10 mmol·L-1谷氨酸引起细胞外钙内流,使[Ca2 ]i增高,FI峰值分别增至(4270±982)和(3096±402).芥子碱(0.01,0.1,1.0,10,100 μmol·L-1)对静息[Ca2 ]i没有明显的影响,但浓度相关性地抑制高钾和谷氨酸诱发的[Ca2 ]i增高,抑制率分别为10.2%,39.5%,53.7%,71.8%.88.4%和30.3%,55.7%,68.5%,79.2%,94.1%.当无外钙存在时,PCI2细胞静息[Ca2 ]i的FI值为(813±112).咖啡因(40 mmol·L-1)和CPA(30 μmol·L-1)分别引起Caffeine-ryanodine和三磷酸肌醇(InsP3)敏感型-钙池释放而使[Ca2 ]i升高,FI值分别增至(2944±371)和(1844±332).芥子碱(0.1,1.0,10,100μmol·L-1)浓度相关性地抑制咖啡因和CPA诱发的[Ca2 ]i增高,抑制率分别为23.7%,61.9%.77.5%.88.2%和10.9%,23.8%,44.6%,68.3%.结论:芥子碱能显著抑制电压依赖性和受体依赖性钙通道开放所引起的外钙内流,且对受体依赖性钙通道的抑制作用更强.此外,芥子碱对Caffeine-ryanodine受体和InsP3敏感型钙池的内钙释放也有明显抑制作用,且对Caffeine-ryanodine受体敏感型钙池的抑制作用更强.这提示芥子碱有望成为很有研发前景的新型钙阻滞剂.     

Effects of Tetrandrine on Cytosolic Free Calcium in Cultured Bovine Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

利用Ｆｕｒａ２技术和ＡＲＣＭＭＩＣ阳离子系统研究了粉防己碱对传代培养牛主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙的影响。粉防己碱（１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）不影响血管平滑肌细胞的静息钙，但在有胞外钙存在时，对高钾，５羟色胺，ＡＴＰ，血管紧张素Ｉ，去甲肾上腺素引起的胞内钙升高有抑制作用；在无胞外钙存在时，粉防己碱对苯肾上腺素引起的胞内钙升高也有一定的抑制作用。粉防己碱对高钾升高内钙的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性，ＩＣ５０值为９．２（９５％可信限：５．７～１４．９）μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。上述结果提示粉防己碱对血管平滑肌细胞的电压依赖性钙通道和受体调控性钙通道均有阻滞作用，对受体调控性钙通道阻滞作用主要表现为阻滞钙离子内流。     

6-[4-(4′-吡啶)氨基苯]-4,5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮对大鼠胸主动脉环收缩功能的影响

目的研究新型钙增敏强心剂6-[4-(4′-吡啶)氨基苯]-4,5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮(MCI-154)的扩血管作用机制。方法采用生物张力换能器及生理记录仪测定大鼠离体胸主动脉环和蜕膜胸主动脉环的收缩张力。结果MCI-154可浓度依赖性抑制1nmol.L-1~10μmol.L-1去甲肾上腺素(pD2′为4.21±0.23)和80mmol.L-1KCl(IC50为7μmol.L-1)引起的血管环收缩,提示其可通过抑制血管平滑肌细胞膜上受体操纵性和电压依赖性钙通道而减少胞外钙内流。在无Ca2+K-H液中,MCI-154预处理可浓度依赖性降低3μmol.L-1苯肾上腺素(IC50为5μmol.L-1)及20mmol.L-1咖啡因(IC50为16μmol.L-1)引起的血管环收缩张力,提示其可抑制血管平滑肌细胞胞内钙释放。在1μmol.L-1Ca2+溶液中,MCI-154可显著降低蜕膜血管环收缩张力(IC50为10μmol.L-1),提示其可降低血管平滑肌对Ca2+的敏感性。结论MCI-154可通过抑制血管平滑肌胞外钙内流、胞内钙释放和降低其对Ca2+敏感性来降低血管平滑肌收缩张力,体外具有扩血管效应。     

丹酚酸B镁抑制ATP和KCl诱导大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞内钙的升高

目的研究丹酚酸B镁(M agnesium lithosperm ate B,MLB)对去内皮离体血管舒缩反应以及对血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度[Ca2+]i的影响。方法去内皮大鼠胸主动脉血管环等张收缩实验和采用钙离子荧光指示剂F luo-3,运用F-4500阳离子测定系统动态检测胸主动脉平滑肌细胞[Ca2+]i。结果血管舒缩实验显示,无钙或常钙条件下MLB对血管基础张力均无作用。MLB 50~200μmol.L-1预给药组抑制无钙条件下苯肾上腺素(PE)1μmol.L-1诱导的血管收缩以及常钙条件下KC l 60 mmol.L-1诱导的血管收缩,并呈浓度相关性。而钙离子通道阻滞剂维拉帕米(Ver)10μmol.L-1则完全阻断KC l诱导的血管收缩。在复钙实验中观察到,MLB 50~200μmol.L-1不仅抑制PE 1μmol.L-1诱导的内钙依赖性血管收缩,而且对复钙后外钙依赖性的血管收缩也有抑制作用。细胞内钙测定实验表明,MLB预孵育的AVSMCs静息态[Ca2+]i没有变化。无钙条件下,MLB 50、100和200μmol.L-1抑制ATP20μmol.L-1诱导内钙释放引起的[Ca2+]i升高,抑制率分别为17.4%、32.4%和61.1%,显示较好的浓度相关性。AVSMCs于常钙条件下用Thapsigargin耗竭钙库后,KCl 60 mmol.L-1诱发外钙内流,引起[Ca2+]i升高,10μmol.L-1的Ver则能完全阻断这种外钙内流。在MLB预给药组,KCl诱导的[Ca2+]i升高降低,抑制率分别为20.0%、32.8%和52.6%。结论MLB能够抑制PE、高K+和复Ca2+诱导的血管收缩,并能抑制ATP和KCl诱导的血管平滑肌细胞内钙的升高,提示MLB对血管平滑肌细胞内钙的影响可能与抑制细胞内钙释放和电压依赖性钙通道有关。     

J—894对人体血小板激活时胞浆内游离钙浓度的影响

细胞内游离钙浓度在细胞反应的调节中作为第二信使起很重要的作用。本文实验采用荧光钙指示剂quin-2测定血小板胞浆内游离钙浓度[Ca^2 ]i的变化。结果表明在1mmol/L外钙的存在下，凝血酶（0.3U/ml）使血小板[Ca^2 ]i增高4－5倍。但在外钙缺乏的情况下，凝血酶使血小板[Ca^2 ]i增加较少，似科凝血酶增加[Ca^2 ]i，部分是通过释放内钙，但主要是通过钙内.J-894通过减少钙内流和释放明显抑制凝血酶引起的血小板[Ca^2 ]i的升高，剂量与效应相关。提示J－894可能是一种钙通道阻滞剂。     

白杨素对大鼠离体肾动脉的舒张作用

目的研究白杨素对大鼠离体肾动脉的舒张作用及其机制是否涉及抑制肾动脉血管平滑肌细胞L-型电压依赖性钙通道。方法利用微血管张力记录仪(DMT)观察白杨素对预收缩大鼠肾动脉血管环的肌源性反应;利用全细胞膜片钳电生理学实验方法,观察白杨素对大鼠离体肾动脉血管平滑肌细胞L-型电压依赖性钙电流的作用。结果 1白杨素浓度依赖性的舒张60 mmol/L KCl或10-5 mol/L去氧肾上腺素(PE)预收缩的大鼠肾动脉血管环,其最大舒张幅度分别为88.99%和67.47%,RC50值分别为26.25μmol/L和51.68μmol/L。2白杨素(浓度为RC50值)可抑制大鼠肾动脉血管平滑肌细胞L-型电压依赖性钙电流,使其I-V曲线非平行上移;给予0 mV单电压刺激时,白杨素(浓度为RC50值)使大鼠肾动脉血管平滑肌细胞L-型电压依赖性钙电流值降低45.43%。结论 1白杨素浓度依赖性舒张60 mmol/L KCl或10-5 mol/L PE预收缩的大鼠肾动脉血管环;2白杨素抑制大鼠肾动脉血管平滑肌细胞L-型电压依赖性钙电流,使其I-V曲线非平行上移。     

小檗胺对血管平滑肌细胞钙动力学影响

本文以Fluo-3/AM 荧光技术和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检查法, 研究小檗胺 (Ber) 对培养家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)内游离钙 ([Ca 2 ]i ) 的影响结果表明：在胞外钙 ([Ca 2 ]o ) 为?.0 mmol·L -1 条件下，Ber 抑制60 mmol·L -1 KCL1 mmol·L -1 哇巴因Ouabain 30 mmol·L -1 去甲肾上腺素 ( NE ) 1 mmol·L -1 5-羟色胺5-HT 和30 mmol·L -1 三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)引起的 [Ca 2 ]i 升高，而且荧光强度达峰时间亦延长。在无胞外钙条件下，Ber 对咖啡因 (Caffeine)引起的[Ca 2 ]i 升高没有作用。结论：Ber 抑制电压依赖性钙通道 (VDCC) 和受体调控性钙通道 (ROCC) 激活引起的外钙内流，对Caffeine 引起的内钙释放没有影响。Ber 可抑制Ouabain 诱导的细胞内钙升高。     

家兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内钙动员及小檗胺作用的共聚焦研究(英文)

观察小檗胺 ( Ber)对高钾除极 ,Bay K8644,5-羟色胺 ( 5- HT)及咖啡因升高细胞内钙水平( [Ca2 + ]i)的影响。以 Fluo- 3/AM负载家兔培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞 ( VSMC) ,共聚焦显微术测定[Ca2 + ]i,结果以荧光强度 ( FI)表示 .结果 :( 1 )在细胞外钙为 1 .3mmol· L-1时 ,VSMC胞浆静息 FI明显高于核区 ,且不受 Ber的影响 . ( 2 ) Ber 1 0 -1 0 0 μmol·L-1预处理可抑制 KCl60 mmol·L-1或Bay K86441 0 0 μmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i,抑制 5-HT 1μmol· L-1升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的持续相 ,但不影响[Ca2 + ]i 的一过性升高。维拉帕米 1 0 μmol· L-1具有相似作用 . ( 3)在无钙 Hanks液中 ,Ber预处理对咖啡因 1 0 0 mmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i 无明显抑制作用。结果表明 ,Ber可阻断外钙内流 ,但不抑制内钙释放 ,这可能与 Ber阻断电压依赖性钙通道和受体依赖性钙通道的作用有关 .     

在地昔帕明诱导胶质瘤C6细胞凋亡过程中caspase3基因表达和[Ca^2＋]i稳态^1

目的：研究抗抑郁药地昔帕明（Des)对胶质瘤C6细胞的凋亡诱导作用以及对凋亡关键效应分子caspase3和凋亡早期信号[Ca^2 ]i的调控作用。方法：采用流式细胞术（FCM）和凝胶电泳观察Des对C6细胞凋亡的DNA裂解作用,RT－PCR分析caspase3基因的表达以及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测量单个活细胞[Ca^2 ]i浓度。结果：Des(10,20,40μmol/L)处理C6细胞24h后,FCM图的G1峰左侧出现凋亡特征性亚二倍体细胞峰,凋亡细胞百分率分别为5.2%,21.9%和41.9%。同时,凝胶电泳显示典型的DNA“梯带”.Des 20 μmol/L处理C6细胞24h可明显增强caspase 3基因的表达,而未经Des处理的C6细胞则检测不到caspase 3基因的表达。此外,Des 40μmol/L可使C6细胞[Ca^2 ]i迅速升高并维持超过28min,而钙螯合剂依他酸可显著降低C6细胞[Ca^2 ]i增高幅度,提示Des致C6细胞[Ca^2 ]i增高主要与细胞外钙内流有关。结论：Des诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡可能与caspase 3基因表达的上调以及细胞内钙稳态的失衡有关。     

Inhibitory action of dilazep on histamine-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ increase in cultured human endothelial cells.

Using a fluorescent Ca(2+)-sensitive dye, fura-2, and photometric fluorescence microscopy, we measured changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured human endothelial cells and studied the effect of dilazep on [Ca2+]i elevation induced by histamine. Histamine (1 microM) caused a rapid transient peak in the average [Ca2+]i of a group of cells (approximately 10(2) cells), followed by a decrease to a sustained elevation. Dilazep as well as diltiazem (1.0 to 100 microM) concentration-dependently inhibited the latter sustained elevation, which was eliminated by removal of extracellular Ca2+, while the initial transient response was not changed by dilazep at concentrations up to 100 microM. The IC50 values of dilazep and diltiazem were 16 and 58 microM, respectively. The patterns of the [Ca2+]i elevation responses to histamine were variable among individual cells. Some single cells showed a transient peak and a sustained elevation as observed in a group of cells. Some single cells caused a repetitive spikelike elevation of [Ca2+]i. Dilazep lowered the sustained elevation to the resting level and in some single cells, changed the sustained elevation to the spikelike elevation. The frequency of the spikelike [Ca2+]i elevation was also decreased by dilazep. Decrease in extracellular [Ca2+] showed the same pattern of inhibitory actions as dilazep did. These results indicate that dilazep inhibits the extracellular Ca2+ influx in endothelial cells.     

Effect of calcium on the vascular contraction induced by cobra venom cardiotoxin

1. The cytotoxic effects of cardiotoxin (CTX) purified from Cobra venom were tested in endothelium-denuded rat aortic ring preparations in tissue organ baths and the effect of extracellular Ca2+ on the cytotoxic effect of CTX was investigated using a digital dynamic calcium imaging technique. 2. At 10 micromol/L, CTX induced a slowly developing and sustained contraction that amounted to approximately 50% of the maximal contraction induced by 80 mmol/L KCl. At high concentrations (> 15 micromol/L), CTX caused irreversible damage to the smooth muscle contractile function. However, washout of CTX at its peak contraction did not affect the subsequent contraction to either KCl or phenylephrine. 3. Contraction induced by CTX was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration in the external solution. A maximal contractile response to CTX was obtained in medium containing 1-2.5 mmol/L Ca2+. This contractile response induced by CTX decreased with higher Ca2+ concentrations and was completely diminished when 7 mmol/L Ca2+, 3 mmol/L Ni2+ or 30 micromol/L tetrandrine (a non-selective calcium channel blocker) was present in the external solution before addition of CTX to the bath. 4. The above observations were supported by the calcium imaging work performed with cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from Wistar-Kyoto rats, in which CTX was shown to induce the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in the presence, but not in the absence, of 2.5 mmol/L extracellular Ca2+. Increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration to 7 mmol/L, the addition of 3 mmol/L Ni2+ or inclusion of 30 micro mol/L tetrandrine inhibited the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ induced by CTX. 5. These results suggest that: (i) a CTX-sensitive internal calcium store does not exist in rat aortic smooth muscle; (ii) the contractile effect CTX is associated with a Ca2+ influx process; and (iii) CTX interacts extracellularly with the plasma membrane at the level of the calcium channels, as well as anionic sites to which Ca2+ and other inorganic cations bind.     

小檗胺对培养的HeLa细胞内游离钙浓度的作用

AIM: To study the involvement of Ca2+ signaling and the effects of berbamine (Ber) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) elevated in cultured HeLa cells. METHODS: [Ca2+]i was measured by confocal microscopy in single HeLa cell loaded with Fluo 3-AM. The change of [Ca2+]i was represented by fluorescent intensity (FI). RESULTS: (1) In the presence of extracellular Ca2+ 1.3 mmol.L-1, the resting level of FI was 186 +/- 44, n = 49 cells from all control experiments, and KCl, NE, caffeine, and calcimycin (Cal) all induced [Ca2+]i elevations in cultured HeLa cells. (2) The resting level of FI was not affected by pretreatment with Ber. The FI increased by KCl 60 mmol.L-1, NE 100 micromol.L-1, and Cal 30 micromol.L-1 were attenuated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the slope and the time to peak of FI increase were decreased and prolonged. (3) In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, caffeine 80 mmol.L-1-induced [Ca2+]i mobilization was not inhibited by Ber 100 micromol.L-1 pretreatment. (4) These effects of Ber were similar to those of verapamil (Ver) 10 mumol.L-1. CONCLUSION: Although it was derived from cervical cancer, the HeLa cells which were belong to the nonexcitable cell possessed the similar biological properties with excitable cells, and Ca2+ also played a crucial role in signal transduction processes.     

Effects of matrine, artemisinin, tetrandrine on cytosolic [Ca2+]i in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

AIM: To compare the effects of matrine, artemisinin, and tetrandrine on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. METHODS: A single ventricular myocyte was loaded with Fluo 3-acetoxymethyl (Fluo 3-AM). [Ca2+]i was recorded by laser scanning confocal microscope and represented by fluorescence intensity (FI). RESULTS: 1) KCl 60 mmol . L-1 elevated the FI from 299 +/ -19 to 1389 +/- 325 (P < 0.01) in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ 1.8 mmol . L-1. 2) Both matrine and artemisinin at the concentration of 100 micromol . L-1 could enhance the increase of FI by KCl 60 mmol . L-1. The FI values reached 1495 +/- 320 and 1646 +/- 308 from 301 +/- 14 and 299 +/- 16 (P < 0.01), respectively. 3) Both tetrandrine 1, 10, and 100 micromol . L-1 and verapamil 10 micromol . L-1 inhibited the influx of extracellular Ca2+ induced by KCl 60 mmol . L-1. 4) Matrine 1, 10, and 100 micromol . L-1 could elevate the FI in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The FI values reached 441 +/- 96, 504 +/- 112, and 643 +/- 126 from 303 +/- 27, 300 +/- 32, and 296 +/- 19 (P < 0.05), respectively. 5) Tetrandrine 1 and 10 micromol . L-1 could apparently inhibited Ca2+ release from intracellular calcium stores induced by caffeine 20 mmol . L-1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Effects of matrine, artemisinin, and tetrandrine on [Ca2+ )]i in ventricular     

小檗碱对培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙含量的影响

采用Ｃａ２＋指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２作为细胞内钙离子的荧光探针，利用ＡＲ－ＣＭ－ＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统。检测了培养新生大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙的浓度，并观察了小檗碱对去甲肾上腺素，Ｈ２Ｏ２，高Ｃａ２＋及高Ｋ＋引起细胞内钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）变化的影响。小檗碱对心肌细胞静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ无明显影响，能浓度依赖地抑制去甲肾上腺素和Ｈ２Ｏ２引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的升高。小檗碱５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能抑制高Ｋ＋引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的升高，而小剂量（１－１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）则无作用。对搏动细胞，小檗碱能抑制其［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ瞬间变化的最大值，对最小值则无作用。     

Tonic potentiation and attenuation produced by membrane depolarization in guinea-pig trachealis

1. We studied how membrane depolarization directly affected intracellular Ca2+ signalling when voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCC) were not available in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. To block VOCC, we used 3 micromol/L verapamil, which completely abolished high K+ (20-60 mmol/L)-induced contraction, and elevation of fura-2 signal. 2. Muscle tone was generated by adding Ca2+ to the extracellular Ca2+-free solution containing prostaglandin (PG)E2 (100 nmol/L) after abolishing basal tone with indomethacin (1 micromol/L). 3. In the absence of verapamil, high K+ (20-60 mmol/L) solution potentiated 2.4 mmol/l Ca2+-induced sustained contractions. Even in the presence of 3 micromol/L verapamil, replacement with 20 and 40 mmol/L K+ solution induced tonic potentiation, which was changed to attenuation with a higher K+ solution (60 mmol/L), lower extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) and pretreatment with cyclopiazonic acid (10 micromol/L), a Ca2+ sequestration inhibitor. 4. These results indicate that the balance between depolarization-dependent Ca2+ release and receptor-operated cation channel inhibition may determine whether tonic potentiation or attenuation is manifested, depending on the availability of VOCC, the magnitude of the depolarization, [Ca2+]o and Ca2+ content in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

钙拮抗剂TMB-8抑制BHQ,NE和KCl引起的培养乳牛基底动脉单个平滑肌细胞内游离钙的升高

用AR CM MIC阳离子测定系统,测量单个细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca²⁺]i),研究8-(N,N-二乙胺)-n-辛基 3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸酯(TMB-8)对培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌[Ca²⁺]i的作用。在细胞外钙浓度为1.3mmol·L^-1时,TMB-8(30μmol·L^-1)可明显抑制BHQ,NE及KCl引起[Ca²⁺]i的升高。在细胞外钙为零+EGTA 0.1mmol·L^-1时,TMB-8(10,30及100μmol·L^-1)可浓度依赖性地降低静息[Ca²⁺]i,TMB-8(30μmol·L^-1)可几乎完全阻断BHQ及NE引起[Ca²⁺]i的增加。研究表明TMB-8降低培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌[Ca²⁺]i的机制,主要是抑制肌浆网Ca²⁺的释放,或增加肌浆网对Ca²⁺的摄入,并由此间接地抑制细胞外钙的内流。     

小檗碱对培养大鼠神经细胞内游离Ca^2＋的影响

以Ｆｕｒａ２／ＡＭ为细胞内钙离子的荧光指示剂，用ＡＲＣＭＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统，直接测定了体外培养的新生大鼠神经细胞内游离钙（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）值，并观察了小檗碱（Ｂｅｒ）的影响。结果表明，Ｂｅｒ对神经细胞静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ无明显影响，Ｂｅｒ１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能剂量依赖地抑制去甲肾上腺素和Ｈ２Ｏ２引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，其ＩＣ５０分别为３９．９和１７．９μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。高剂量Ｂｅｒ（１０～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）能抑制高Ｋ＋引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高。姐果提示，Ｂｅｒ对去甲肾上腺素，高Ｋ＋及Ｈ２Ｏ２引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的抑制作用可能是其抗脑缺血作用机制之一。     

The effects of ATP and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP on cytosolic Ca2+ level and force in rat isolated aorta.

1. The effects of a non-selective P2-receptor agonist ATP and a selective P2x-receptor agonist alpha,beta-methylene-ATP on intracellular free Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) and force were examined in rat isolated aorta without endothelium. 2. Both ATP (1-1000 microM) and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP (0.1-100 microM) induced transient increase followed by small sustained increase in [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the force induced by a high concentration of KCl, the force induced by alpha,beta-methylene-ATP was smaller and that induced by ATP was much smaller at a given [Ca2+]i. 3. An L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, verapamil (10 microM), completely inhibited the high K(+)-stimulated [Ca2+]i and force. Verapamil partially inhibited the transient and sustained increases in [Ca2+]i induced by 10 microM alpha,beta-methylene-ATP and the sustained increase but not the transient increase induced by 1 mM ATP. 4. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (with 0.5 mM EGTA) 1 mM ATP caused transient increase in [Ca2+]i while 10 microM alpha,beta-methylene-ATP was ineffective 5. ATP, but not alpha,beta-methylene-ATP, increased the tissue adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) level. 6. These data suggest that ATP and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP increase [Ca2+]i by an activation of both L-type and non-L-type Ca2+ channels. In addition, ATP, but not alpha,beta-methylene-ATP, increases [Ca2+]i by a release of Ca2+ from an intracellular Ca2+ store. Possible reasons are discussed as to why the increase in [Ca2+]i due to ATP and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP resulted in only a small contraction.     

Tetrandrine inhibits Ca^2＋-activated chloride channel in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells

INTRODUCTION Tetrandrine (Tet, 6,6',7,12-tetramethoxy-2,2'- dim-ethyl-berbaman) is a purified bis-benzylisoquinoline al-kaloid derivedfrom the root ofa Chinese herb (Stephaniatetrandra S Moore)[1,2]. It was first shown as an anti-hypertensive agent in both normal and hypertensivesubjects in 1950s[3,4]. The primary anti-hypertensiveaction of Tet is presumably due to its vasodilatoryproperty, which was confirmed both in vivo (15 mg/kg in conscious rats) and in vitro (1-100 μmol/L,effecti…