5-HT2受体介导大鼠DRG神经元膜GABA-激活电流的增强作用

目的　探讨 5 HT对大鼠DRG神经元膜GABA 激活电流的调节作用及其机制。方法　在新鲜分离的大鼠DRG神经元标本上,以全细胞膜片钳技术记录膜电流,用排管快速换液装置行胞外给药,以胞内透析技术分析信号转导途径。结果　给予GABA可使多数受检细胞产生浓度依赖性内向电流 (IGABA)。预加 5 HT,可使IGABA增加。此效应可被 5 HT2受体特异性激动剂α methyl 5 HT( 1×10-6mol·L-1 )所模拟,被 5 HT2受体选择性拮抗剂cyproheptadine所阻断。在部分细胞, 5 HT本身可引起由 5 HT3受体介导的快速内向电流,但并未发现该电流与 5 HT对IGABA的增强作用有必然的联系。从GABA激活电流的量效曲线可见,预加 5 HT后和对照曲线相比,阈浓度不变、EC50值相近,IGABA最大值增加 33. 6%。胞内透析GDP β S或H 7可取消 5 HT增强IGABA的效应,而透析H 9无效。结论　5 HT可增强GABA 激活电流,其机制为 5 HT2受体激活后通过PKC引起GABAA受体胞内磷酸化所致。     

双重作用的多巴胺D2/5-HT2A受体拮抗剂比较药效团分析

双重作用的多巴胺D₂/5-HT_2A受体拮抗剂是开发非典型抗精神病药物的有效途径,但最新研究显示, 非典型抗精神病药物将显著增加患者因心律失常及其他心脏疾病而猝死的风险,本文对D₂/5-HT_2A受体拮抗剂的药效团模型以及可能引起心血管风险的α_1A肾上腺素受体拮抗剂和hERG K⁺通道阻断剂的药效团模型进行比较分析,从药效团模型的角度分析多靶点药物的设计。     

铝对大鼠背根神经节分离神经元GABA激活电流的调制作用

目的　研究三氯化铝 (AlCl3)对大鼠背根神经节分离神经元γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)激活电流的作用。方法　应用全细胞膜片钳技术在新鲜分离的大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)神经元上观察AlCl3 对GABA激活电流的影响。结果　大部分受检细胞 (4 6 /5 8)对GABA(1～ 10 0 0 μmol·L-1)敏感。在这 46个细胞中 ,单独加AlCl3 可引起三类膜反应 :(1)外向电流 (3/4 6 ) ;(2 )内向电流 (5 /4 6 ) ;(3)无反应 (38/4 6 )。与GABA激活的内向电流相比 ,AlCl3 激活电流幅值要小得多。预加较低浓度 (≤ 10 0 μmol·L-1)AlCl3 对GABA激活电流影响如下 :产生增强效应的细胞为 32 /38,并具有浓度依赖性 ;产生抑制作用的细胞为 4/38;无明显作用的细胞为 2 /38。较高浓度 (10 0 0 μmol·L-1)AlCl3 抑制GABA激活电流 (n2 0 0 0 0 3 16收稿 ,2 0 0 0 0 7 12修回1 江西医学院生理教研室 ,南昌　 330 0 0 6作者简介 :梁尚栋 ,男 ,41岁 ,医学硕士 ,副教授 ,主要研究方向 :神经生理学 ;李之望 ,男 ,教授 ,主要研究方向 :神经生理和药理学=8)。AlCl3 对GABA激活电流的增强作用既可增强峰电流也可增强稳态部分。结论　AlCl3 改变GABAA 受体的机能。     

川芎嗪对大鼠背根神经节细胞P2X嘌呤受体介导反应的作用

目的探讨川芎嗪(tetram ethy1pyrazine,TMP)对嘌呤2X(P2X)受体介导反应的作用。方法在大鼠新鲜分离的背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)神经元标本上应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录川芎嗪对P2X受体激动剂激活电流的影响。结果外加ATP(1~1 000μmol.L-1)可引起DRG神经元产生激活电流(n=102),ATP-激活电流(IATP)显示快失敏和慢失敏两种形式的内向电流。预加川芎嗪(0.1~10mmol.L-1)后,大部分(89.2%,91/102)受检细胞可观察到ATP(100μmol.L-1)-激活电流出现明显的抑制作用。川芎嗪(1 mmol.L-1)使α,-βm eATP(10μmol.L-1)-激活电流减小。预加川芎嗪(1 mmol.L-1)后ATP(1~1 000μmol.L-1)激活电流的剂量-效应曲线明显下移。预加川芎嗪(1 mmol.L-1)前后ATP(100μmol.L-1)的I-V曲线反转电位值不变,均接近0 mV。川芎嗪(1 mmol.L-1)可明显抑制被前列腺素E2(100μmol.L-1)或P物质(0.1μmol.L-1)增大的ATP激活电流。通过微电极胞内透析注入PKA抑制剂H89(10μmol.L-1)至胞内,使川芎嗪(1 mmol.L-1)抑制ATP(100μmol.L-1)激活电流的作用减小。结论川芎嗪可能是通过PKA系统以及P2X受体离子通道复合体细胞外环的变构调制点影响P2X受体激动剂在大鼠DRG神经元的激活电流。     

丹参注射液对背根神经节细胞超极化激活电流通道的影响

目的观察丹参对背根神经节细胞超极化激活通道电流的影响，探讨丹参缓解疼痛和阻滞钙内流，以及减轻钙超载的作用机制。方法应用全细胞膜片钳技术，观察了丹参注射液对大鼠背根神经节细胞超极化激活电流(I_h)通道的影响。结果10%，25%和50%的丹参注射液对大鼠背根神经节细胞I_h通道的电流幅值、激活时间常数和翻转电位均没有影响，但可使I_h通道电流的半激活电压向超极化方向偏移。结论丹参特异性地使I_h通道电流的半激活电压向超极化方向偏移所产生的对外周痛敏的对抗作用，可能也是其缓解疼痛的作用机制之一。     

脑5-HT1A/1B、α2受体及腺苷酸环化酶参与了胍丁胺的抗抑郁作用

为了在单胺受体及受体后腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)水平探讨胍丁胺(agmatine,AGM)抗抑郁作用的精细机制,采用小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验观察AGM抗抑郁行为改变。采用放射免疫方法测定大鼠前额皮层突触膜蛋白AC活性。结果表明,AGM(5～40 mg·kg^-1,ig)在小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验模型上均有显著抗抑郁活性。同时伍用β受体/5-HT_1A/1B受体阻断剂吲哚洛尔(pindolol, PIN, 20 mg·kg^-1, ip)、 α₂肾上腺素受体拮抗剂育亨宾(yohimbine, YOH, 5～10 mg·kg^-1, ip)或咪唑克生(idazoxan, IDA, 4 mg·kg^-1, ip)对AGM(40 mg·kg^-1, ig)的抗抑郁活性具有显著拮抗效应; 而β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔(propranolol, PRO, 5～20 mg·kg^-1, ip)或5-HT₃受体拮抗剂曲匹西隆(tropisetron, TRO, 5～40 mg·kg^-1, ip)对AGM(40 mg·kg^-1, ig)的抗抑郁活性无显著影响。AGM(0.1～6.4 μmol·L^-1)与大鼠前额皮层提取的突触膜共孵可剂量依赖地激活AC活性, 而PIN(1 μmol·L^-1)或YOH(0.25～1 μmol·L^-1)均显著拮抗AGM(6.4 μmol·L^-1)对AC的激活作用; 慢性给予大鼠AGM(10 mg·kg^-1, ig, bid)或氟西汀(fluoxetine, FLU, 10 mg·kg^-1, ig, bid) 2 w也显著增强大鼠前额皮层基础及Gpp(NH)p 预激活的AC活性。本研究表明, 调节脑内5-HT_1A/1B和α₂等受体功能, 并激活前额皮层AC可能是AGM抗抑郁活性的重要机制之一。     

2010～2015年浙江省11家医院肺癌患者5-HT3受体拮抗药应用分析

摘 要 目的：了解2010～2015年浙江省11家医院肺癌患者5-HT₃受体拮抗药的应用情况和趋势,促进其合理用药。方法：抽取2010～2015年浙江省11家医院肺癌患者的医嘱用药数据,对其用药金额、用药频度（DDDs）、限定日费用（DDC）进行回顾性分析。结果：2010～2015年,浙江省11家医院肺癌患者使用5-HT₃受体拮抗药的用药金额逐年上升,但在总金额中的占比呈下降趋势,而2015年5-HT₃受体拮抗药不论用药金额还是占总用药金额比例都有所升高。6年内使用金额比例排名首位的分别为托烷司琼（2010～2014年）和帕洛诺司琼（2015年）。5-HT₃受体拮抗药DDDs排名首位是托烷司琼（2010～2015年）,DDC排名首位为帕洛诺司琼。结论：浙江省11家医院肺癌患者使用的5-HT₃受体拮抗药基本合理,安全有效、经济方便的5-HT₃受体拮抗药在临床使用中占优势。     

苯佐卡因对大鼠背根神经节神经元河豚毒素不敏感型钠离子通道的影响

目的研究苯佐卡因(BZC)对大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元河豚毒素不敏感型(TTX-r)钠电流的影响,探讨其镇痛作用的机制。方法酶解法分离新生大鼠单个DRG神经元,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录不同浓度BZC对TTX-r钠电流的影响。结果 BZC浓度依赖性静息阻断TTX-r钠电流,30、100和300μmol.L-1的BZC分别使TTX-r钠电流峰值抑制率达(18.83±8.51)%、(33.08±9.19)%、(58.91±12.02)%,并使TTX-r钠电流稳态失活曲线浓度依赖性向超极化方向移动。结论 BZC浓度依赖性阻断DRG神经元TTX-r钠离子通道并改变通道的失活,可能是其影响痛觉传导通路以及产生镇痛作用的机制之一。     

某些四氢异喹啉类生物碱对大鼠脑内多巴胺和5-羟色胺受体的作用

本文报道十二种四氢异喹啉类生物碱对大鼠脑内D-2,5-HT₁和5-HT₂受体的结合特性。其中l-千金藤碱(l-STP)对这三种受体均有较高的亲和力,其Ki值分别为1.7×10^-7,9.4×10^-8和1.8×10^-7mol。l-莲碱(l-REM)对5-HT₂受体的亲和力与Z-STP相似(Ki=1.7×10^-7mol)。THB,THC和THJ对D-2受体的亲和力介于l-SPD和l-THP之间。本文报道的多数生物碱能同时影响两种或两种以上受体部位的结合特性,提示它们对单胺神经系统可能有复杂的相互作用。     

Prostaglandin E2 has no effect on two components of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current in mouse dorsal root ganglion

One possible mechanism underlying inflammation-induced sensitization of the primary afferent neuron is the upregulation of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) current by inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins. This notion is based on reports that showed an augmentation of TTX-R Na(+) current following an application of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, no information was available on the properties of the novel type of TTX-R Na(+) channel, Na(V)1.9, at times when these reports were published. Hence, the contribution of Na(V)1.9 to the PGE(2)-induced upregulation of TTX-R Na(+) current remains to be elucidated. To further examine the modulation of TTX-R Na(+) current by PGE(2), we recorded two components of TTX-R Na(+) current in isolation from small (<25 microm in diameter) DRG neurons using wild-type and Na(V)1.8 knock-out mice. Unexpectedly, neither the component mediated by Na(V)1.8 nor the persistent component mediated by Na(V)1.9 was affected by PGE(2) (1 and 10 microM). Our results raise a question regarding the well-known modulatory role of PGE(2) on TTX-R Na(+) current in inflammatory hyperalgesia.     

Interleukin-2 regulates membrane potentials and calcium channels via mu opioid receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Our previous studies revealed that interleukin-2 (IL-2) exerted peripheral antinociception that was partially mediated by μ opioid receptors. No ionic explanations of this effect have yet been reported. The present study was designed to investigate effects of IL-2 on the physiological properties of capsaicin-sensitive small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which are predominantly responsible for nociceptive transmission from the periphery to the spinal cord. Intracellualr recordings of DRG neurons were made in DRG/peripheral nerve preparation in vitro. IL-2 (10³ U/ml) produced membrane hyperpolarization of –9.4 ± 3.0 mV and this effect was blocked by β-FNA (5 μM), a μ opioid receptor antagonist. Under whole-cell patch clamp recordings, transient high-threshold Ca²⁺ currents were inhibited by –56.6 ± 11.3% by IL-2. Simultaneous calcium imaging showed that this cytokine also inhibited depolarization-evoked increase in intracellular calcium concentration. All the effects of IL-2 were blocked by naloxone (1 μM). Consistent with previous studies, DAMGO, a selective μ opioid agonist, exerted similar inhibitory effects on membrane potentials and Ca²⁺ currents.

The present results indicated that μ opioid receptors were involved in the regulatory effects of IL-2 on membrane potentials and calcium channels in DRG neurons, which may contribute to IL-2-induced peripheral analgesia.     

Characterizing the effects of 5-HT2C receptor ligands on motor activity and feeding behaviour in 5-HT2C receptor knockout mice

5-HT_2C receptor agonists have considerable therapeutic potential, however there is little in vivo data to compare the potency and selectivity of 5-HT_2C receptor agonists. Since 5-HT_2C receptor agonists reduce locomotor activity and food intake, changes in these drug-induced behaviours in 5-HT_2C receptor knockout mice could provide a means to examine receptor selectivity in-vivo. Initially this study compared older 5-HT_2C agonists mCPP and MK212, to newer, apparently more selective compounds: Ro 60-0175, WAY161503, CP809,101 and lorcaserin (APD356) on motor activity in wild-type, and 5-HT_2C receptor knockout mice. Two 5-HT_2C receptor antagonists SB242084 and SDZ SER 082 were also examined. mCPP did not significantly alter activity in wild-type mice, but enhanced activity in knockout animals. MK212 (3 and 10 mg/kg) and Ro 60-0175 (1 and 3 mg/kg) reduced activity in wild-type but not knockout animals. At 10 mg/kg, Ro 60-0175 reduced activity in knockout animals, suggesting loss of 5-HT_2C receptor selectivity. CP809,101 and lorcaserin reduced activity in wild-type but not knockout mice. In subsequent feeding studies, Ro 60-0175 and lorcaserin reduced food intake in wild-type animals only. Selectivity of effect for mCPP was marginal. The antagonist SB242084 increased activity in wild-type animals but not in knockout mice; SB242084 did not alter feeding in either genotype. SDZ SER 082 reduced activity in both genotypes implying poor selectivity for 5-HT_2C receptors. The data demonstrate that studying food intake, and particularly motor behaviour, in the 5-HT_2C receptor knockout mouse is a useful and relatively simple approach for screening 5-HT_2C receptor ligands in vivo.     

Potentiation of 5-HT3 receptor function by the activation of coexistent 5-HT2 receptors in trigeminal ganglion neurons of rats

5-HT receptor subtypes are widely expressed in primary sensory neurons, yet so far little is known about the interaction among them. This study aimed to investigate whether the activation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1 receptors could modulate 5-HT3 receptor mediated current in rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons using whole-cell patch clamp technique. The majority of TG neurons examined responded to 5-HT (10(-7)-10(-3) M) with a fast activating and rapid desensitizing inward current (77.2%, 71/92). This 5-HT activated current (I(5-HT)) was blocked by ICS 205-930 and mimicked by 2-methyl-5-HT, indicating that it was mediated by 5-HT3 receptor. With alpha-methyl-5-HT applied prior to 5-HT application, I(5-HT) was potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner, with the maximal modulatory effect at 10(-9) M of alpha-methyl-5-HT. The concentration-response curve for I(5-HT) pretreated with alpha-methyl-5-HT shifts upwards compared with that for I(5-HT) without alpha-methyl-5-HT pretreatment, the maximal I(5-HT) value having increased by (60.3 +/- 5.7)% of its control while the EC50 values of the two curves being very close, i.e. (2.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) M vs (1.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(-5) M, respectively. The alpha-methyl-5-HT potentiation of I(5-HT) was removed by intracellular dialysis of either GDP-beta-S, a non-hydrolyzable GDP analog, or GF109203X, a selective PKC inhibitor, almost completely. Preapplication of R-(+)-UH-301, a selective agonist of 5-HT(1A) receptor, had no modulatory effect on I(5-HT). These results suggest that in the membrane of TG neurons, the activation of 5-HT2 receptors can exert an enhancing effect on the function of coexistent 5-HT3 receptors while that of 5-HT(1A) receptors cannot.     

龙血素B抑制大鼠背根神经节细胞辣椒素诱发的电流反应

目的探讨龙血素B对大鼠背根神经节细胞辣椒素诱发的辣椒素受体电流的影响。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术在急性分离的大鼠背根神经节细胞上观察龙血素B对辣椒素诱发的辣椒素受体电流的影响。结果①在-60mV的钳制电位下,辣椒素受体拮抗剂辣椒卓平可以完全抑制辣椒素受体电流;②不同浓度的龙血素B溶液对辣椒素诱发的受体电流具有浓度依赖的抑制作用;2.0、4.0、8.0和16.0μmol.L-1的龙血素B溶液对辣椒素诱发的受体电流峰值的抑制率分别为15.36%±2.12%、36.41%±2.43%、76.26%±2.16%和96.69%±3.21%(n=10,P<0.05),半数抑制浓度(IC50)为4.9μmol.L-1,Hill系数为2.29。结论龙血素B可以明显抑制辣椒素诱发的辣椒素受体电流,影响痛觉信息的传入,这可能是以龙血素B为重要成分的中药血竭产生镇痛作用的机制之一。     

Cerebral cortical 5-HT1, and 5-HT2, receptors of morphine tolerant-dependent rats

The effect of chronic administration of morphine to rats on 5-HT₁ and 5-HT₂ receptors in the cerebral cortex was determined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted subcutaneously with 6 pellets of morphine (each containing 75 mg of morphine free base) during a 7 day period. Animals which served as controls were implanted with placebo pellets. The procedure for implantation of pellets produced a high degree of tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine in the rat. The tolerance to the analgesic and hyperthermic effects of morphine was demonstrated by decreased responses in the rats implanted with morphine pellet in comparison to the placebo-treated controls. The physical dependence was shown by the greater weight loss after removal of the pellet in the rats implanted with morphine pellets when compared to rats implanted with placebo pellets. The pellets were removed (withdrawn) and, after 6–8 h, the rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was isolated. In another experiment the pellets were left in place (tolerant-dependent rats). The 5-HT₁ and 5-HT₂ receptors were characterized by using [^3H]5-HT and [^3H]spiroperidol as the ligands and unlabelled 5-HT and ketanserin, respectively, to determine non-specific binding. The [^3H]5-HT bound to 5-HT₁ receptors on membranes from the cerebral cortex of rats implanted with placebo pellets, at a single high affinity site, with a B_max of 102 ± 10 fmol/mg protein and a K_d of 6.02 ± 0.98 nM. Implantation of morphine pellets, followed by removal of the pellets resulted in a 50% increase in the B_maxvalue of [^3H]5-HT but the K_d values did not change. In rats from which the pellets were not removed, the B_max and K_d values of [^3H]5-HT in placebo- and morphine-treated groups did not differ. [^3H]Spiroperidol bound to 5-HT₂ receptors on cortical membranes of rats implanted with placebo pellet at a single high affinity site with B_max and K_d values of 131 ± 5 fmol/mg protein and 0.22 ± 0.01 nM, respectively. The implantation of pellets of morphine followed by removal of the pellets did not alter the characteristics of 5-HT₂, receptors, however in rats with the pellets in place, the B_max for 5-HT₂ receptors in placebo- and morphine-treated groups did not differ but the K_d values were much smaller in morphine-treated rats compared to rats implanted with placebo pellets. It is concluded that the development of tolerance to, and physical dependence on, morphine by implantation of pellets results in up-regulation of 5-HT₂ receptors whereas in morphine-abstinent rats there is a selective up-regulation of 5-HT₁ receptors on the membranes in the cerebral cortex.