番茄红素对铅染毒小鼠脂质过氧化的保护作用

目的:观察染铅小鼠抗氧化系统的改变及番茄红素对抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法:小鼠经饮水铅染毒(醋酸铅)造成铅中毒模型后给予番茄红素,4周后处死,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:给予番茄红素的小鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH—Px活力上升,MDA含量降低,与中毒模型组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:铅中毒可引起小鼠过氧化损伤,番茄红素可以提高小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,减轻铅中毒引起的脂质过氧化。     

番茄红素对小鼠铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

目的观察染铅小鼠抗氧化系统的改变及番茄红素对抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法小鼠经饮水铅染毒（醋酸铅）造成铅中毒模型后给予番茄红素，4周后处死，测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果给予番茄红素的小鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH—PX活力上升，MDA含量降低，与中毒模型组相比，在统计学上差异有显著性P〈0．05，结论铅中毒可引起小鼠过氧化损伤，番茄红素可以减轻铅中毒引起的脂质过氧化，提高小鼠机体的抗氧化能力。     

南瓜提取物对慢性苯染毒小鼠抗氧化酶的影响

目的：探讨南瓜提取物对慢性苯中毒所造成的机体抗氧化系统损伤的拮抗作用。方法：将小白鼠分为正常组、苯染毒组、苯＋南瓜提取物组，静式吸入染毒，60d后，取其肝、脾、脑检测组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：苯染毒组小鼠机体内SOD、GSH—Px活性均降低，MDA含量升高，南瓜提取物组小鼠机体内SOD、GSH—Px活性均升高，MDA含量降低，结论：慢性苯染毒能够对机体的抗氧化酶系统产生损伤，导致机体组织内SOD、GSH—Px活性降低，MDA含量升高。而南瓜提取物能够减轻机体的氧化损伤，增强抗氧化系统的功能。     

番茄红素对镉损伤大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的:观察番茄红素(lycopene,LP)对镉(Cd)损伤大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法:大鼠饲喂氯化镉(Cd-Cl2)和番茄红素,4周后处死,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:与镉损伤组相比,番茄红素组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH—Px活力上升,MDA含量降低,在统计学上差异有显著性(P<0.05)。番茄红素可以拮抗镉的毒性,提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力,抑制镉中毒所致的氧化应激。     

番茄红素对急性肝损伤大鼠抗氧化酶的影响

目的　观察四氯化碳急性中毒对大鼠机体抗氧化酶活力的影响及番茄红素 (lycopene ,LP)的保护作用。方法　大鼠灌胃番茄红素 ,4周后以四氯化碳腹腔注射 ,2 4h后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物岐化酶 (SOD)活性 ,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活力 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,还原型谷胱肝肽 (GSH)含量及总抗氧化能力 (T AOC)。结果　与模型组相比 ,各番茄红素组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性 ,GSH Px活力上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,GSH含量升高 ,T AOC升高 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,减轻四氯化碳对机体造成的肝损伤。     

复合营养素对雌性小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化作用的研究

目的:探讨复合微量营养素对雌性小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用,为探讨其对女性的健康作用提供依据。方法:实验选取雌性小鼠,随机分为给药组及对照组,灌胃给予实验组小鼠不同剂量的复合营养素,选择测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮和肝糖元3个指标,确定复合微量营养素的抗疲劳效果;通过检测小鼠体重、血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度,确定其抗氧化效果。结果:抗疲劳实验表明,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长(P<0.01),血清尿素氮含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝糖元含量增加(P<0.05),并且具有一定的剂量效应关系;抗氧化实验表明,实验组能明显促进小鼠体重的增长(P<0.01),降低MDA含量(P<0.05),提高雌性小鼠SOD活力。结论:复合营养素对雌性小鼠具有抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。     

番茄红素对大鼠体内抗氧化系统功能的影响

目的　观察番茄红素 (lycopene ,LP)对大鼠抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法　大鼠饲喂番茄红素 4周后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH -Px)活力、总抗氧化能力 (T -AOC)、丙二醛 (MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量。结果　各番茄红素给药组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH -Px活力及T -AOC上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,与空白组相比 ,在统计学上差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,抑制脂质过氧化     

番茄红素对前胃癌小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的建立小鼠前胃癌模型,探讨番茄红素对前胃癌小鼠体内的抗氧化系统功能的影响。方法KM小鼠随机分成5组,实验组饲喂高、中、低不同剂量的番茄红素饲料,阳性与正常对照组饲喂正常饲料,实验组与阳性组灌喂含B（a）P的色拉油（浓度为5mg/mL）,正常对照组给予相同剂量的色拉油,每周2次,共8次。建立前胃癌模型,24周后处死动物,观察血清与肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性,丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果番茄红素具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,给予番茄红素后能降低前胃癌的发生率;番茄红素还能够提高小鼠SOD、GSH、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量（P〈0.05）。结论番茄红素具有明显抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其作用机制可能与增强机体抗氧化酶功能,降低脂类氧化产物MDA有关。     

番茄红素对大鼠肺氧化损伤的影响

目的　观察臭氧对大鼠造成的氧化损伤和番茄红素 (LP)对损伤的影响。方法　利用臭氧吸入造成氧化损伤模型 ,以黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清和肺匀浆的SOD活性 ,硫代巴比妥显色法测定MDA含量 ,DTNB比色法测定GSH Px活力。结果　各番茄红素给药组的大鼠血清和肺组织的SOD活性、GSH Px活力上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,与模型组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以保护臭氧造成的大鼠氧化损伤     

番茄红素对镉中毒大鼠体内抗氧化酶活力影响

目的　观察番茄红素 (lycopene,LP)对镉 (Cd)中毒大鼠抗氧化酶系统的影响。 方法　大鼠饲喂CdCl2 和番茄红素 ,4周后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活力、丙二醛 (MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量。结果　与模型组相比 ,番茄红素组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH -Px活力上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以拮抗镉的毒性 ,提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,抑制镉中毒所致的脂质过氧化。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.