Comparison of percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty for the management of Kümmell's disease: A retrospective study

Background:

Post traumatic osteonecrosis of a vertebral body occurring in a delayed fashion was first described by the German doctor Kümmell in 1895. Several studies have reported percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for Kümmell''s disease achieves good outcomes. However, it is unknown whether a technique is superior for the treatment of this disease. The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of PVP and PKP for the treatment of Kümmell''s disease.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted for 73 patients with Kümmell''s disease. PVP was performed in 38 patients and PKP in 35 patients. Visual analogue score (VAS) was used to evaluate pain. The anterior vertebral height was measured. The operative time, the incidence of cement leakage and the costs were recorded.

Results:

In both PVP group and PKP group, the VAS and anterior vertebral height significantly improved at 1-day postoperatively (P < 0.05), and the improvement sustained at the final followup (P > 0.05). Between the PVP and PKP groups, there were no significant differences in VAS and the anterior vertebral height at 1-day postoperatively and at the final followup (P > 0.05). The operating time and expense in the PKP group were higher than the PVP group (P < 0.001). Cement leakages in the PKP group were fewer than PVP group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

PVP is a faster, less expensive option that still provides a comparable pain relief and restoration of vertebral height to PKP for the treatment of Kümmell''s disease. PKP has a significant advantage over PVP in term of the fewer cement leakages.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with intravertebral cleft associated with delayed neurologic deficit

Introduction

The number of cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) with intravertebral cleft (IVC) with delayed neurologic deficit (DND) is increasing as the population ages. However, the cause of DND is poorly understood, and no definitive treatment of the disease has been established. The purpose of this study was to clarify the radiographic parameters contributing to the occurrence of DND, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty for this pathology.

Methods

Percutaneous vertebroplasty was prospectively performed for 244 patients with OVCF with IVC; 30 had DND and 214 did not. Radiographic parameters of local kyphotic angle, percent spinal canal compromise and intravertebral instability were investigated for correlations to DND. Procedural outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified Frankel grades.

Results

Before vertebroplasty, no substantial difference in local kyphotic angle was seen between OVCF with IVC with and without DND, but percent spinal canal compromise and intravertebral instability were greater in OVCF with IVC with DND (P < 0.001). After vertebroplasty, 25 of 30 cases (84 %) of OVCF with IVC with DND achieved clinically meaningful improvement (CMI), but 5 (17 %) did not. Patients with CMI showed substantial improvements in intravertebral instability (P < 0.001), and no change in local kyphotic angle or percent spinal canal compromise. In five patients without CMI, four showed an initial improvement, but subsequent vertebral fracture adjacent to the treated vertebra caused neurologic re-deterioration. One patient with percent spinal canal compromise 54.9 % and intravertebral instability 4° achieved no neurologic improvement following vertebroplasty. No serious complications or adverse events related to the procedure were encountered.

Conclusions

Intravertebral instability is the dominant cause of DND. Percutaneous vertebroplasty appears effective and safe in the treatment of OVCF with IVC with DND. Patients with less intravertebral instability and severe spinal canal compromise could be candidates for conventional surgical treatment.     

后凸成形术和保守疗法对椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折疗效的对比研究

目的:分析经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和保守疗法治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2007年9月至2009年4月收治的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折63例,男14例,女49例;年龄63～92岁,平均73.4岁。其中30例(38椎)采用PKP法治疗,33例(35椎)采用对症保守治疗,比较两组治疗后随访期内的视觉疼痛评分(VAS)、椎体高度变化及邻椎骨折发生情况。结果:所有患者均获随访,时间10～15个月,平均13.3个月。PKP组中27例术后1周疼痛得到缓解,VAS评分平均值从术前8.32分下降至2.63分,后期随访VAS平均2分,保持稳定。保守治疗组治疗1周后VAS分值无变化,在治疗后1、3个月时VAS分值仍高于PKP组(P0.05),但6个月以后两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PKP组术后1周椎体高度平均恢复了4.1mm,有统计学意义(P0.01),而后保持长期稳定,保守治疗组治疗后椎体高度虽然有改善,但与PKP组比较有统计学差异(P0.01)。新发骨折PKP组有4例(5椎),保守治疗组有2例(2椎)。结论:PKP具有快速止痛、即刻稳定、恢复伤椎高度、早期负重的优势,但可能增加邻椎骨折的风险。保守治疗并不是没有可取之处,只要系统性治疗仍可取得良好的预后。     

Basivertebral foramen could be connected with intravertebral cleft: a potential risk factor of cement leakage in percutaneous kyphoplasty

Background contextAmong different types of cement leakage in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures, leaks into the spinal canal are considered to be the most common complication. One potential structure causing this type of cement leakage is the potential connection between the basivertebral foramen and the intravertebral cleft, which is revealed clearly on magnetic resonance (MR) images, but is often ignored in the literature.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the incidence rate of different types of cement leakage in PKP with or without intravertebral clefts and to determine whether the basivertebral foramen could be connected to the intravertebral cleft.Study designThis study is a retrospective assessment of the presence of an intravertebral cleft in osteoporotic vertebral bodies and the different types of cement leakage after PKP on radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, and MR images.Patient sampleA total of 164 consecutive patients underwent PKP to treat 204 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Outcome measuresOutcome measures include the occurrence of different types of cement leakage in the groups with an intravertebral cleft and without intravertebral clefts.MethodsA total of 204 vertebrae in 164 consecutive patients who underwent PKP to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were classified into two patterns based on preoperative radiographs, CT scans, and/or MR images of the treated levels: cleft pattern (with an intravertebral cleft in the vertebral body) and trabecular pattern (without intravertebral clefts). When an intravertebral cleft was identified, the investigators examined the basivertebral foramen and looked for a communication between the two structures on three-dimensional CT scans and MR images. On direct postoperative images, the patterns of cement leakage were classified as five types: type A, through a cortical defect into the paraspinal soft tissues; type B, through the basivertebral foramen; type C, via the needle channel; type D, through a cortical defect into the disc space; and type E, via the paravertebral vein. The association of the distribution of the cement leakage and the presence of an intravertebral cleft was analyzed retrospectively. Moreover, the association of type B leakage with the communication between the basivertebral foramen and the intravertebral cleft was also assessed.ResultsThe average interobserver kappa values for determining the type of cement leakage and the presence of intravertebral cleft were 0.916 (range, 0.792–1) and 0.935, respectively. In 41 of 204 vertebrae (19.9%), an intravertebral cleft was confirmed on preoperative images. A communication between the intravertebral cleft and the basivertebral foramen was seen in 10 vertebrae (24.4%). Cement leakage was 36.2% in the group with a trabecular pattern and 41.5% in the group with a cleft pattern (p>.05). Leaks through the basivertebral foramen (type B; N=30, 14.7%) and through cortical defects into the disc space (type D; N=14, 6.9%) were more common than other types. Twenty of 163 vertebrae with the trabecular pattern (12.3%) and 10 of 41 vertebrae with the cleft pattern (24.4%) were identified as type B leaks, which reached statistical significance (p<.05). There was no statistical difference between the trabecular pattern and the cleft pattern on other types of leaks.ConclusionsType B leaks are more common in vertebrae with an intravertebral cleft, which supports the presence of a connection between an intravertebral cleft and the basivertebral foramen. Thus, care must be taken when PKP is performed in these patients to avoid direct cement leakage into the spinal canal through the basivertebral foramen.     

单球囊双侧序贯扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨单球囊双侧序贯扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效.方法 2017年1月—2018年6月,采用PKP治疗OVCF患者80例,其中40例行单球囊双侧序贯扩张(观察组),40例行单球囊单侧扩张(对照组).记录2组手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散系数;术前、术后7 d、末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估患者疼痛程度,拍摄X线片并测量Cobb角、椎体前缘高度,评价患者畸形矫正及椎体高度恢复效果;观察2组患者椎体再塌陷、骨水泥渗漏发生情况.结果 所有手术顺利完成.所有患者随访超过2年.观察组手术时间长于对照组,骨水泥注入量多于对照组,骨水泥弥散系数高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后7 d和末次随访时2组患者VAS评分较术前下降,椎体前缘高度较术前增加,Cobb角较术前减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);末次随访时观察组Cobb角小于对照组,椎体前缘高度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组患者椎体再塌陷、骨水泥渗漏发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 单球囊双侧序贯扩张PKP治疗OVCF能够提升骨水泥注入量和弥散效果,减轻术后矫正效果的丢失,且不增加骨水泥渗漏风险.     

Comparison of Intravertebral Clefts between Kümmell Disease and Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Radiological Study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the radiological features of intravertebral clefts (IVC) between Kümmell disease (KD) and acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study. A total of 79 patients with IVC from January 2014 to December 2018 were included in this study. There were 22 men and 57 women, with an average of 73.5 years. Based on the exact time interval from injury to treatment and the pathological examination results, the patients were divided into KD group (44 patients) and acute OVCF group (35 patients). The two groups were compared by the margin sclerosis of IVC, vertebra and pedicle ossification, stress fracture of the spinous process, paravertebral callus, the shape of IVC, cleft in the adjacent disc, and flatness of IVC''s margin from plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT). The two groups were compared by the IVC content, double‐line sign, and signal of fracture vertebral from their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsThere were no significant differences in sex, age, and fracture distribution between the KD group and the acute OVCF group. IVC was present in both the KD group and the acute OVCF group. Six radiological features were only present in the KD group, including sclerosis of the cleft margin (95.5%, 42/44), ossification of the fractured vertebrae (100%, 44/44), ossification of the pedicle (31.8%, 14/44), double‐line sign (27.3%, 12/44), stress fracture of the spinous process (13.6%, 6/44), and even formation of paravertebral callus (18.2%, 8/44). Although there were statistical differences in the other four radiological features of content of IVC (P = 0.02), cleft sign in adjacent intervertebral disc (P < 0.01), margin of IVC (P = 0.02), and the shape of IVC (P = 0.01) between the KD group and acute OVCF group, these characteristics could be found in both groups.ConclusionIVC could present in patients with both KD and acute OVCF; however, we found that marginal cleft sclerosis, vertebral and pedicle ossification, double‐line sign, spinous process fracture, and formation of paravertebral callus are unique radiological features of KD and could be used for differentiation of KD from acute OVCF with IVC.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折后凸畸形

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗伴有后凸畸形的胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效,并与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)比较其对后凸畸形的矫正作用.方法 回顾性分析2018年7月—2020年7月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院采用PVP治疗的100例OVCF患者及采用PKP治疗的90例OVCF患者临床资...     

椎体内裂隙样变对经皮椎体后凸成形术疗效的影响

 目的 探讨椎体内裂隙样变对经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2009年12月至2011年12月,采用PKP治疗183例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)患者资料,根据影像学表现,将患者分为裂隙组和无裂隙组。裂隙组44例,男5例,女39例;年龄56～89岁,平均71.6岁。无裂隙组139例,男22例,女117例;年龄51～91岁,平均70.2岁。比较两组患者骨折椎体分布情况、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏发生率、渗漏类型、骨折椎体高度恢复情况等。采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)评价疗效。结果裂隙组与无裂隙组在骨折椎体的分 布存在差异,裂隙组骨折椎体主要分布在T₁₁～L₂椎体,无裂隙组主要分布在T₁₁～L₅及T₇～₉。裂隙组和无裂隙组骨水泥注入量及渗漏率分别为3.4～5.6 ml和3.5～5.1 ml, 45.3%(24/53)和41.9%(72/172),两项指标比较差异无统计学意义;但两组骨水泥渗漏类型存在差异,裂隙组主要在椎体周 围软组织渗漏,无裂隙组主要沿血管渗漏。两组术后骨折椎体高度均明显恢复,裂隙组较无裂隙组椎体前缘高度恢复明显。裂隙 组和无裂隙组术后VAS评分及ODI指数分别为(2.8±1.1)分和(2.4±0.7)分,29.3%±6.8%和27.6%±6.9%,两项指标比较差异 无统计学意义。结论 伴椎体内裂隙样变的OVCFs的骨折椎体主要分布在活动度较大的T₁₁～L₂椎体。采用 PKP治疗伴椎体内裂隙样变的OVCFs可获得满意的临床疗效,术后椎体前缘高度恢复明显。     

丙烯酸类骨水泥混合硫酸钙联合经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折

目的:探究丙烯酸类骨水泥(polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)混合硫酸钙联合经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutanouskyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性骨折(osteoprosis vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)的临床疗效。方法:对2020年1月至2021年3月收治的191例采用PKP术式治疗的OVCF患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中82例共94个椎体应用PMMA混合硫酸钙进行治疗,设为观察组;109例共125个椎体应用单纯PMMA进行治疗,设为对照组。观察组男16例,女66例,年龄(75.35±11.22)岁,包括36个胸椎,58个腰椎;对照组男22例,女87例,年龄(74.51±9.21)岁,包括63个胸椎,62个腰椎。通过统计两组患者的手术时间、出血量、骨水泥注入量,术前及术后1 d、3个月、1年的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、Cobb角、椎体高度以及术后骨水泥渗漏的发生...     

经皮椎体成形术治疗伴裂隙样变椎体压缩性骨折的疗效观察

目的 观察经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）治疗伴裂隙样变骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折在恢复椎体高度、矫正后凸畸形及减轻疼痛、改善功能障碍方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析了符合标准的45例行经PVP的患者,分为2组,伴有裂隙样变者为A组20例,无椎体内裂隙样变为B组25例.对比2组术前损伤程度、手术时间、注入骨水泥量、下床活动时间及并发症.2组术前、术后1周、1年通过复查X线片对椎体高度、后凸Cobb角进行对比研究.结果 2组患椎手术时间、起床活动时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,损伤程度A组较B组明显,注入骨水泥量 B 组少于A 组.术后2组患椎高度、后凸Cobb角均得到改善,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,A组改善更为显著,与B组相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 PVP是一种治疗骨质疏松性压缩性骨折行之有效的方法.裂隙样变的存在对患者疼痛缓解及功能改善无明显影响,裂隙样变者术后患椎高度、后凸畸形改善相对更明显.PVP治疗伴有裂隙样变椎体压缩性骨折疗效肯定.     

Percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with the posterior screw-rod system in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures

Background:

The osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) have attracted more and more attention due to increase in life span globally and aging population. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) have been popularized rapidly by virtue of their unique advantage in minimal invasiveness. We analysed our results in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures using percutaneous kyphoplasty and posterior screw rod system. To investigate the possibility of treatment of rupture of the posterior vertebral osteoporotic fractures by means of kyphoplasty combined with the posterior screw-rod system.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty six patients (65 years of age or older) with the single spine fractures included in study. The preoperative bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray. The PKP was done in all the cases. Decompression was done if neurological symptoms were present.

Results:

The results demonstrated osteoporosis with BMD T value ≤ −2.5; injured posterior vertebral body (3 cases) had shown the whole damage accompanied by neurological symptoms through X-ray or CT. After 2 days, the remaining patients of back pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared except for three cases of patients with decompression incision. VAS score and Cobb angle changed from preoperative 8.23 ± 0.17 and 28.7 ± 0.33° respectively to postoperative 3.77 ± 0.44 and 3.8 ± 0.2° respectively.

Conclusion:

Treatment of rupture of the posterior vertebral osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures by means of kyphoplasty combined with posterior screw-rod system is a safe, effective procedure.     

PVP和PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneouskyphoplasty,PKP）治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法 2008年6月至2011年1月,采用PVP和PKP技术共治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者87例（107椎）。其中45例（56椎）采用PVP治疗,男20例（24椎）,女25例（32椎）,年龄57～89岁,平均73.8岁;42例（51椎）采用PKP治疗,男18例（23椎）,女24例（28椎）,年龄56～90岁,平均72.7岁。观察术前、术后及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）变化,椎体高度变化,随访椎体高度丢失情况,记录骨水泥渗漏情况。方法 87例患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,时间13～27个月,平均18.2个月。两组术后及末次随访时VAS评分均较术前有明显降低（P〈0.05）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后椎体高度增加PKP组优于PVP组,末次随访时PKP组椎体高度丢失量较PVP组大,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;PKP组骨水泥渗漏率17.6%,PVP组为35.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 PVP和PKP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折均有同样满意的止痛效果;PKP恢复椎体高度优于PVP,远期高度也容易丢失;骨水泥渗漏发生率PKP组低于PVP组。     

The effect of intravertebral heterogeneity in microstructure on vertebral strength and failure patterns

Summary

The goal of this study was to determine the influence of intravertebral heterogeneity in microstructure on vertebral failure. Results show that noninvasive assessments of the intravertebral heterogeneity in density improve predictions of vertebral strength and that local variations in microstructure are associated with locations of failure in the vertebral body.

Introduction

The overall goal of this study was to determine the influence of intravertebral heterogeneity in microstructure on vertebral failure.

Methods

Trabecular density and microarchitecture were quantified for 32 thoracic vertebrae using micro-computed tomography (μCT)-based analyses of 4.81 mm, contiguous cubes throughout the centrum. Intravertebral heterogeneity in density was defined as the interquartile range and quartile coefficient of variation of the cube densities. The vertebrae were compressed to failure to measure stiffness, strength, and toughness. Pre- and post-compression μCT images were analyzed using digital volume correlation to quantify failure patterns in the vertebrae, as defined by the distributions of residual strain.

Results

Failure patterns consisted of large deformations in the midtransverse plane with concomitant endplate biconcavity and were linked to the intravertebral distribution of bone tissue. Low values of connectivity density and trabecular number, and high values of trabecular separation, were associated with high strains. However, local microstructural properties were not the sole determinants of failure. For instance, the midtransverse plane experienced the highest strain (p?<?0.008) yet had the highest density, lowest structure model index, and lowest anisotropy (p?<?0.013). Accounting for the intravertebral heterogeneity in density improved predictions of strength and stiffness as compared to predictions based only on mean density (strength: R ²?=?0.75 vs. 0.61, p?<?0.001; stiffness: R ²?=?0.44 vs. 0.26, p?=?0.001).

Conclusions

Local variations in microstructure are associated with failure patterns in the vertebra. Noninvasive assessments of the intravertebral heterogeneity in density—which are feasible in clinical settings—can improve predictions of vertebral strength and stiffness.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗老年重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2009年6月~2012年6月在本院行PKP治疗的59例(70个椎体)椎体后壁完整的重度OVCF患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女49例;年龄63~87岁,平均73.1岁;患椎压缩比66.7%~74.8%,平均70.6%;采用低压渐进式球囊扩张复位法行PKP。对比术前、术后及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、SF-36健康调查评分、患椎平均高度及局部Cobb角,评价临床疗效。结果 59例患者均顺利完成手术,发生骨水泥椎旁渗漏5例,无其他严重并发症。术后随访1.8~3.4年,平均2.6年。VAS评分术前为(8.3±2.2)分,术后3 d为(2.1±0.7)分,末次随访时为(2.1±0.7)分;SF-36健康调查评分术前(32.7±6.9)分,术后3 d为(43.2±7.1)分,末次随访时为(47.1±6.5)分;患椎高度术前为(8.2±1.4)mm,术后3 d为(12.7±2.3)mm,末次随访时为(11.8±1.6)mm;局部Cobb角术前27.8°±5.3°,术后3 d为18.7°±4.1°,末次随访时为19.6°±4.5°。各组数据术后3 d和末次随访时与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3 d和末次随访时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用低压渐进式球囊扩张复位法行PKP治疗老年重度OVCF安全、有效。     

Usefulness of Prone Cross-Table Lateral Radiographs in Vertebral Compression Fractures

Background

Dynamic radiographs are recommended to investigate non-healing evidence such as the dynamic mobility or intravertebral clefts in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, it is difficult to examine standing flexion and extension lateral radiographs due to severe pain. The use of prone cross-table lateral radiographs (PrLRs) as a diagnostic tool has never been proposed to our knowledge. The purpose of this study is to clarify the usefulness of PrLRs in diagnosis and treatment of VCFs.

Methods

We reviewed 62 VCF patients examined with PrLRs between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2011. To compare the degree of pain provoked between standing extension lateral radiographs (StLRs) and PrLRs, numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were assessed and compared by a paired t-test. Vertebroplasty was done for 40 patients and kyphoplasty was done for 9 patients with routine manners. To assess the degree of postural reduction, vertebral wedge angles (VWA) and vertebral height ratios (VHR) were calculated by using preoperative StLRs, PrLRs, and postoperative lateral radiographs. Two variables derived from changes in VWA and VHR between preoperative and postoperative radiographs were compared by a paired t-test.

Results

The average NRS scores were 6.23 ± 1.67 in StLRs and 5.18 ± 1.47 in PrLRs. The degree of pain provocation was lower in using PrLRs than StLRs (p < 0.001). The average changes of VWA between preoperative and postoperative status were 5.24° ± 6.16° with PrLRs and 3.46° ± 3.47° with StLRs. The average changes of VHR were 0.248 ± 0.178 with PrLRs and 0.148 ± 0.161 with StLRs. The comparisons by two variables showed significant differences for both parameters (p = 0.021 and p < 0.001, respectively). The postoperative radiological status was reflected more precisely when using PrLRs than StLRs.

Conclusions

In comparison with StLR, the PrLR was more accurate in predicting the degree of restoration of postoperative vertebral heights and wedge angles, and provoked less pain during examination. The PrLR could be a useful diagnostic tool to detect intravertebral cleft or intravertebral dynamic instability.     

Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture (OVCF): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

To compare the short- and long-term clinical outcomes, operation times, restoration rate, dosage of polymethylmeth-acrylate (PMMA) injected, complications and X-rays exposure frequency between unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty approaches for the treatment of OVCF.

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials published up to April 2015 that compared the unilateral and bilateral PKP for the treatment of OVCF were acquired by a comprehensive search in the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, OVID. Exclusion criteria were patients with neoplastic etiology (metastasis or myeloma), infection, neural compression syndrome, invasive and degenerative disease, traumatic fracture, re-operation, neurological deficits, significant scoliosis and spinal stenosis. The main end points included: operation times, the short- and long-term postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, the short-term postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), restoration rate, dosage of PMMA injected, cement leakage, X-ray exposure frequency and postoperative adjacent-level fractures.

Results

A total of 8 studies involving 428 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean operative time was shorter in the unilateral groups compared with the bilateral groups [P < 0.05, weighted mean difference (WMD) ?19.74 (?30.56, ?8.92)]. There was no significant difference in the short-term postoperative VAS scores [P > 0.05, WMD 0.03 (?0.34, 0.40)], the long-term postoperative VAS scores between them [P > 0.05, WMD 0.01 (?0.42, 0.45)] and the short-term postoperative ODI [P > 0.05, WMD ?0.33 (?2.36, 1.69)] between the two groups. The unilateral approaches required significantly less dosage of PMMA than the bipedicular approaches did [P < 0.05, WMD ?1.56 (?1.59, ?1.16)]. The restoration rate in the bilateral groups was higher than the unilateral groups [P < 0.05, WMD ?7.82 (?12.23, ?3.41)]. There was no significant difference in the risk ratio of cement leakage [P > 0.05, RR 0.86 (0.36, 2.06)] and postoperative adjacent-level fractures [P > 0.05, RR 0.91 (0.25, 3.26)] between the two methods. The mean X-ray exposure frequency in the unilateral groups was greater than the bilateral groups [P < 0.05, WMD ?5.69 (?10.67, ?0.70)].

Conclusions

A definitive verdict could not be reached regarding which approach is better for the treatment of OVCF. Although unilateral PKP was associated with shorter operative time, less X- ray exposure frequency and dosage of PMMA than bilateral PKP. There was no apparent difference in the short- and long-term clinical outcomes and complications between them. However, bilateral PKP approaches were higher than unilateral PKP in term of the restoration rate. But on account of lack of some high-quality evidence, we hold that amounts of high-quality randomized controlled trials should be required and more complications should be analysed to resolve which surgical approach is better for the treatment of OVCF in the future.

     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折术中使用椎体内局部麻醉的镇痛效果评价

目的观察经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术中使用椎体内局部麻醉对患者术中、术后的镇痛效果,探讨减少骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者术中、术后疼痛,改善手术体验和满意度的方法。方法选择2014年1月—2015年10月在宁波大学医学院附属鄞州医院骨科行PKP手术的84例OVCF患者的临床资料,随机分为空白组(A组)、利多卡因组(B组)、罗哌卡因组(C组),每组28例,在术中建立穿刺工作套管后B组及C组分别向椎体内注射1%盐酸利多卡因5 m L和1%盐酸罗哌卡因5 m L,A组不给药,记录术前、术中球囊扩张时、骨水泥注入时、术毕即刻、术后6 h、术后24 h患者的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,并进行统计学分析。术后评估患者对手术的满意度。结果术前3组一般资料及VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中、术后VAS评分进行两两比较,球囊扩张时和骨水泥注入时,B组、C组VAS评分均低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术毕即刻VAS评分A组B组C组,且组间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6 h A组与B组间VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),C组评分仍低于另两组且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后24 h 3组间VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后调查3组患者对"再次手术"的接受程度,3组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKP治疗OVCF,术中椎体内局部麻醉能有效缓解术中疼痛,改善患者手术体验,提高患者对手术的信任,且不影响手术临床效果。     

Relationship between clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with intravertebral cleft and radiographic findings

Background

With aging of the population, the numbers of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft have been increasing. However, the details of clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft and radiographic findings.

Mechanism of formation of intravertebral clefts in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: An in vitro biomechanical study

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Intravertebral clefts (IVCs) are vacuum-like cavities commonly associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). IVCs promote cement leakage during kyphoplasty, suggesting a physical link with the basivertebral foramen, although this is uncertain.

The prospective self-controlled study of unilateral transverse process-pedicle and bilateral puncture techniques in percutaneous kyphoplasty

Summary

Many previous studies have reported excellent clinical results with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). In contrast, numerous complications and problems have also been reported, such as puncture difficulty, cement leakage, and adjacent vertebral fracture.

Introduction

This study is to evaluate the application and clinical outcomes of unilateral transverse process-pedicle and bilateral PKP in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).

Methods

A total of 56 cases with two levels thoracolumbar OVCF were randomly assigned for treatment with unilateral transverse process-pedicle and bilateral PKP. The patients were followed up postoperatively and were assessed mainly with regard to clinical and radiologic outcomes. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with mainly the use of a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Radiologic outcomes were assessed mainly on the basis of radiation dose and bone cement distribution.

Results

The operation was completed successfully in 56 cases. In the unilateral level, the operation time, the volume of the injected cement, and radiation dose were significantly less than bilateral level. All patients had significantly improvement on VAS score after the procedures, compared with their preoperative period. In the bilateral level, 7 patients had obvious pain in the puncture sites at 1 month postoperatively caused by facet joint violation. With local block treatment, the pain disappeared in all patients at the last follow-up.

Conclusion

Both bilateral and unilateral PKP are relatively safe and effective treatments for patients with painful OVCF. But unilateral PKP received less radiation dose and operation time, offered a higher degree of deformity correction, and resulted in less complication than bilateral.