父母教育态度和方式对高考生心理健康的影响

目的探讨父母教育态度和方式对高考生心理健康的影响。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）于高考前4个月集体测试，结果按其教育态度与方式的不同进行比较；同时以半开放式问卷调查父母要求、态度、教育方式及其它可能影响考生心理健康的因素。结果①A组（教育态度及方式适当）总分、总均分、阳性症状均分以及人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执分低于B组（教育态度或／和方式不当）（P〈0．05～0．01）；A组躯体化、人际关系、恐怖及偏执的异常率低于B组（P〈0．05）；异常因子的人均数、异常因子达3个与5个以及阳性症状均分≥3分的考生A组少于B组（X^2=3．87—25．02）。②B1组（态度不当）和B2组（方式不当）的阳性症状均分和抑郁、偏执（B1组除外）分低于B3组（态度及方式均不当）（P〈0．05）。B1组的躯体化、抑郁、敌对和B2组的强迫、抑郁、敌对的异常率均低于B3组（X^2=4．05～6．57）；异常因子人均数及异常因子达4个的考生，B1组和B2组少于B3组（X^2=5．07～20．67），B1组异常因子人均数高于B2组（X^2=6．27）。结论父母教育态度和方式与高考生的心理健康呈显著正相关，父母教育态度或方式不当，考生的心理问题较多、痛苦水平高，心理健康状况差。     

男女高考生扩招前后的心理健康状况分析

目的 探讨男女高考生扩招前后的心理健康状况差异.方法 于高考前4个月采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）集体测试,结果 按性别并与扩招前比较;同时以半开放式问卷调查可能影响考生心理健康的因素.结果扩招后男生的强迫和精神病性分高于女生（P＜0.05）、女生的躯体化分高于男生（P＜0.05）,其它各项男女生间无明显差异.和扩招前比较,女生的阳性项目数及所有的因子分降低（P＜0.05～0.001）,男生的阳性项目数与躯体化分降低（P＜0.05～0.01）、恐怖分增高（P＜0.01）.男女生强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、焦虑及偏执因子的异常率均达20%～56%;女生躯体化与恐怖的异常率高于男生（P＜0.05）,男生偏执的异常率高于女生（P＜0.01）.阳性症状均分≥3分者男生多于女生（χ^2=5.88）.结论 扩招后男女生心理健康的总体水平无明显差异.男女考生的心理健康状况均较扩招前有明显改善,女生更显著.男生的恐怖较扩招前加重.男女生的心理问题均仍以强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、焦虑及偏执多见.女生的躯体化与恐怖,男生的偏执、强迫与精神病性症状相对较明显.     

中学生心理健康状况的调查分析

目的探讨青岛市中学生的心理健康状况。方法被试从青岛市两所高中、三所初中以班为单位整群抽取，采用自编一般资料问卷、症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行测查。结果有15．30%的学生存在明显的心理问题，最常见的是强迫、敌对、人际关系敏感；初中生在总均分及躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等五因子上的均分显著高于高中生，其差异有统计学意义；女生在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等四个因子的均分显著高于男生，其差异有统计学意义。结论对中学生的心理健康教育不容忽视，尤其是初中生及女生。     

528名织布女工的心理健康状况分析

了解织布女工的心理健康状况。方法 采用症状自评量表对重庆市某纺织厂织布车间５２８名女工进行心理健康水平调查。结果 该厂织布女工的躯体化，强迫，人际关系敏感，忧郁，焦虑，敌对，恐怖，偏执和精神病性因子分均高于国内常模，存在较突出的心理健康问题；高工龄组比低工龄组在躯体化，焦虑，敌对问题上更为突出。结论 在织布女或开展心理保健工作非常必要。     

失眠与SCL-90因子相关分析

目的探讨失眠与SCL-90各因予的相关性。方法采用SCL-90计算机测试软件，对门诊就诊患者随机进行测试，失眠组164例，非失眠组101例．对两组SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子粗分和总分进行统计分析，并进行Logistic回归。结果失眠组SCL-90各因子粗分和总分均明显高于非失眠组（P〈0．001）；多因素Logisitic回归分析发现失眠与躯体化、焦虑因子呈正相关。结论失眠患者常常出现心理及躯体症状，尤其与躯体化或焦虑关系密切。     

新入监服刑人员心理健康和自尊状况关系研究

目的探讨新入监服刑人员的心理健康状况及其与自尊水平之间的关系。方法使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和Rosenberg自尊量表(RSES)对100名新入监服刑人员的心理健康状况及自尊水平进行调查,并分析其相关性。结果新入监服刑人员的SCL-90总分、总均分、阳性项目数及躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分的得分上均显著高于全国常模(P<0.05或P<0.01),主要心理问题表现为抑郁、强迫、焦虑等方面,而且性别、年龄、犯罪类型、刑期对心理健康状况有影响。RSES总分与SCL-90总分及强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子分均呈显著负相关,自尊是SCL-90总分和多个因子分的显著预测变量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论新入监服刑人员的心理健康状况存在明显的异常,自尊水平越低的人员心理健康状况越差,自尊对心理健康状况具有显著负向预测作用。在对新入监服刑人员进行心理干预时,需要重视自尊因素。     

郑州市中学生心理健康状况调查

为了解中学生心理健康状况，采用精神症状自评量表（SCL－90）对郑州市某中学学生进行问卷调查，并与国内常模进行比较。结果，除躯体化一项因子外，其余因子得分均高于国内常模。20．2％的学生存在心理健康问题，2．4％的学生有明显心理障碍。其中主要问题为人际敏感，强迫，敌对，抑郁。女生的焦虑，恐怖，抑郁因子分高于男生，男生的敌对因子分高于女生。人际敏感为中学生存在的突出问题。提示，中学生心理健康水平偏低，应加强中学生心理卫生教育。     

酒精所致精神障碍住院患者妻子的心理健康状况调查

采用９０项症状清单（ＳＣＬ－９０）对３８例酒精所致精神障碍住院患者正好了的心理健康状况进行了测评；并对其中慢性酒中毒和酒依赖患者妻子的心理健康状况进行比较。结果发现，酒精所致精神障碍鹗２正好了的躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和偏执６个因子均分显著高于国内常模（Ｐ〈０．０１～０．０５）；慢必不朽事毒患者正好了在人际关系、抑郁、敌对３项因子均分高于酒依赖患者妻子（Ｐ〈０．０１～０．０５）。提示由于     

城乡高考生心理健康的差异与原因分析

目的探讨城乡高考生心理健康的差异及原因。方法于高考前4个月用症状自评量表(SCL-90)集体测试,同时以半开放式问卷调查可能影响考生心理健康的因素。结果农村生总均分、阳性症状均分以及人际关系、恐怖因子分高于城镇生(P<0.05)。人际关系、焦虑(含≥3分)、偏执和精神病性因子的异常率农村生高于城镇生(χ2=4.07～7.28);考生异常因子人均数及异常因子数达6个、≥3分的因子数达3个的考生,农村生多于城镇生(χ2=4.43～3.89)。结论与城镇生相比,农村考生的心理问题发生率高,痛苦程度大,心理健康状况差。家庭经济条件不同,父母文化程度及教育方式差异,非学业的心理压力和期望值高等是导致城乡考生心理健康差异的原因。     

功能性消化不良患者的心理健康状况与介性特征

为探讨功能性消化不良（ＦＤ）患者的心理健康状况与个性特征,采用ｆＳｃｌ－９０ＥＰＱ量表对３２例ＦＤ患者进行测试。结果显示,ＳＣＬ０－９０总分及躯体化症状、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性症状等８个因子分均高于常模,且有显著性统计学差异（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＥＰＱ－Ｎ、Ｐ两量表分高于常模,且有显著性统计学差异（Ｐ〈０．０１或Ｐ〈０．０５）。说明ＦＫ患者存在较重的心理健康问题     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.