胸椎管狭窄症后路椎板切除减压疗效欠佳的原因及对策

目的 探讨胸椎管狭窄症后路椎板切除减压疗效欠佳的原因及对策。方法 1994～1998年,后路椎板切除减压治疗胸椎管狭窄12例。结果 随访30～84个月,平均59个月,可5例,差7例。结论 胸椎管狭窄症应采用病灶切除的直接减压。     

氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊治

目的：回顾分析氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊断及早期全椎板减压术治疗的疗效。方法：对1991～2004年期间35例手术治疗该类患者的手术方法及疗效进行回顾性分析总结。结果：22例术后明显恢复，8例症状缓解，5例术后无恢复。结论：全椎板减压术是治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症有效的手术方式。     

交叉椎板切除扩大减压治疗颈椎管狭窄症

目的：观察交叉椎板切除对颈椎管狭窄的减压效果;结果：采用交叉椎板切除扩大减压治疗颈椎管狭窄３６例,根据４０分评分法评定;３６～４０分２４例,３１～３５分９例,２６～３０分２例,〈２５分者１例;结论：交叉椎板切除扩大减压对颈椎管狭窄是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

不同椎板减压手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症效果观察

目的分析有限椎板减压与全椎板切除减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的效果。方法将90例腰椎管狭窄症患者随机分为2组,每组45例。对照组行全椎板切除减压治疗,观察组行有限椎板减压治疗,比较2组术中出血量、住院时间、术后疼痛程度及功能障碍评分、多裂肌MRI信号强度分级、并发症发生率等指标。结果观察组术中出血量、引流量、术后住院时间优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后随访6~10个月,其间2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月时2组患者的ODI、VAS腿痛、VAS腰痛评分均明显低于手术前,但观察组明显低于对照组,而且多裂肌MRI信号强度分级优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与全椎板切除减压比较,有限椎板减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症,患者疼痛轻,腰椎稳定性高,脊椎功能改善明显,且不增加术后并发症发生率,可促进患者早期康复。     

氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊治

目的探讨氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊断及早期全椎板减压术治疗的疗效。方法对35例患者的手术方法及疗效进行分析。结果22例术后明显恢复,8例症状缓解,5例术后无恢复。结论全椎板减压术是治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症有效的手术方式。     

手术治疗胸椎管狭窄症的效果分析

目的:探讨胸椎管狭窄症患者手术治疗的近期疗效.方法:2003年3月～2009年6月手术治疗胸椎管狭窄症患者21例,其中后路椎板切除减压术16例.经胸膜外或腹膜后侧前方入路椎间盘切除或椎体次全切除、植骨融合固定术4例,经胸腔侧前方人路椎体次全切除椎间植骨融合前路钢板固定术1例.观察并发症发生情况,记录术前、术后2周和末次随访时的神经功能Frankel分级及胸椎JOA评分,测量手术节段后凸Cobb角.结果:平均手术时间1.56min,平均术中出血量280ml,术中无血管损伤.6例发生术后并发症,其中单纯脑脊液漏2例,神经根损伤并脑脊液漏1例,硬膜外血肿1例,一过性神经功能损伤加重2例,均经处理后治愈.随访6～75个月.平均21个月,术后2周Frankel分级10例改善、11例无变化.末次随访时Frankel分级13例改善、8例无变化.术后2周、末次随访时JOA评分较术前改善(P<0.05),术后2周和末次随访时的平均改善率分别为42.8%、63.1%,优良率分别为28.6%、71.4%,总有效率均为85.8%.末次随访时多节段椎板切除减压患者手术节段后凸Cobb角较术前增加(P<0.05).结论:对胸椎管狭窄症患者采用后路椎板切除减压为主的手术治疗可获得较好的近期效果,但手术并发症发生率较高,多节段椎板切除可导致后凸角明显增加.     

侧前方减压治疗胸椎管狭窄

本文报告1987年12月至1995年7月经侧前方减压治疗胸椎管狭窄21例,发病部位多在T_5～T_(12);临床均表现为上运动神经原损害的症状和体征,系间盘退变椎体缘增生11例,DISH(特发性弥漫性脊柱硬化症)6例,OPLL后纵韧带骨化)4例,随诊6～96个月,平均33个月,优良率85.7％。本文对病例选择,手术操作注意事项进行了讨论。     

经皮内镜下椎板减压与开放半椎板两种减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效对比分析

目的 比较经皮内镜下椎板减压术与开放半椎板减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床疗效.方法 收集2016年9月～2019年12月在该本院住院治疗的腰椎管狭窄症患者137例作为研究对象,分为两组:观察组79例采用经皮内镜下椎板减压术,对照组58例采用开放半椎板减压术治疗.对两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、住院时间等指标和并发症发生情况进行对比分析,同时对两组椎间隙前缘高度、后缘高度、节段活动度、硬膜囊横断面积(dural sac cross-sectional area,DSCA)以及疼痛VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)等指标,和术前及术后相关功能进行评价对比.结果 观察组手术时间显著长于对照组,切口长度显著少于对照组,术后住院时间显著少于对照组,上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组术后1个月、3个月的VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后各随访时间的ODI和DSCA均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组节段活动度和椎间隙前、后缘高度比较,以及术后1年内并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 经皮内镜下椎板减压术与开放半椎板减压术治疗椎管狭窄症均可获得较好的减压效果;经皮内镜减压术具有局部创伤小、术后恢复快等优点.     

经皮内镜下椎板减压与开放半椎板两种减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效对比分析

目的 比较经皮内镜下椎板减压术与开放半椎板减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床疗效.方法 收集2016年9月～2019年12月在该本院住院治疗的腰椎管狭窄症患者137例作为研究对象,分为两组:观察组79例采用经皮内镜下椎板减压术,对照组58例采用开放半椎板减压术治疗.对两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、住院时间等指标和并发症发生情况进行对比分析,同时对两组椎间隙前缘高度、后缘高度、节段活动度、硬膜囊横断面积(dural sac cross-sectional area,DSCA)以及疼痛VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)等指标,和术前及术后相关功能进行评价对比.结果 观察组手术时间显著长于对照组,切口长度显著少于对照组,术后住院时间显著少于对照组,上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组术后1个月、3个月的VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后各随访时间的ODI和DSCA均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组节段活动度和椎间隙前、后缘高度比较,以及术后1年内并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 经皮内镜下椎板减压术与开放半椎板减压术治疗椎管狭窄症均可获得较好的减压效果;经皮内镜减压术具有局部创伤小、术后恢复快等优点.     

局麻下椎板减压内固定治疗氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症的远期疗效及其与胸椎后凸角度改变间的关系分析

目的探讨应用局麻下椎板减压内固定术治疗氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症的远期效果及其与胸椎后凸角改变间的关系。方法选取2011-01-2012-01收治的氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症患者70例为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组各35例,单纯减压组患者接受局麻下椎板切除减压术,内固定组患者接受椎板减压手术同时行内固定治疗,随访观察两组患者手术情况,远期疗效及胸椎后凸角度的变化。结果单纯减压组手术时间及术中出血量情况优于减压内固定组(P0.05);两组患者手术前及术后1年后治疗效果及胸椎后凸角无明显差异(P0.05),术后2、3年单纯减压组疗效及胸椎后凸角情况与减压内固定组比较,明显较差(P0.05)。结论对于氟骨病性胸椎管狭窄症患者,实施椎板减压手术同时行后路内固定治疗,可以有效避免胸椎后凸角增大,改善远期疗效。     

轻中度胸弯型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者胸椎后凸角对上胸椎后凸角的影响

目的:探讨轻中度胸弯型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者胸椎后凸角与上胸椎后凸角的关系,并评估其临床意义。方法:选取在我院就诊的轻中度(Cobb角40°~60°)单胸弯型AIS患者50例、双胸弯型AIS患者50例,均摄站立位脊柱全长正位X线片及上肢抱胸体位下的站立位脊柱全长侧位X线片。测量主胸弯Cobb角、上胸椎(T2~T5)后凸角(upper thoracic kyphosis,UTK)及胸椎(T5~T12)后凸角(total kyphosis,TK)。两种弯型患者分别按TK大小分为两组:A组TK<10°,B组10°≤TK≤40°。分别将两种弯型的A组及B组的参数测量结果进行比较,并对相关参数指标进行Spearman相关分析。结果:在单胸弯型AIS患者中,A组UTK平均为6.9°,B组为9.8°,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);单胸弯AIS患者TK与UTK存在显著性正相关(P<0.05)。在双胸弯型AIS患者中,A组的UTK平均为12.0°,B组为11.9°,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),双胸弯型AIS患者的TK与UTK无显著性相关(P>0.05)。结论:双胸弯型AIS患者的TK对UTK无明显影响;而单胸弯型AIS患者的UTK会随着TK的减小而减小,在对单胸弯型AIS患者进行胸椎融合时,应考虑其对术后矢状面形态重建的影响。     

全椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的 了解全椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的远期效果。方法 对156例腰椎管狭窄症施行全椎板切除,突出髓核除,神经根管扩大,椎管减压。结果 对资料完整89例获得2～6年随访分析,平均随访3年8个月,优良78例,可8例,差3例。结论 全椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症3年疗效最佳,优良率87．6％。     

老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者全椎板切除术后远期X线变化

目的：观察老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者全椎板切除减压术后远期腰椎X线影像变化情况。方法：1991年1月～2001年12月,我院行单纯全椎板切除术治疗老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者132例,其中X线资料完整者63例,男32例,女31例,年龄65～83岁,平均72.3岁。分析术前和术后X线资料,观察末次随访时手术节段及其相邻上、下节段的椎体间相对距离、相对位移、椎体间活动角度及椎体间冠状面活动度和水平面旋转度的改变。结果：术后随访5～15年,平均7.3年,125个全椎板切除减压节段末次随访时与术前比较,椎体间相对距离明显降低（P=0.001）,椎体间相对位移略有增大（P=0.1）,椎体间活动角度明显增大（P=0.01）,椎体间冠状面活动角度略有增大（P=0.1）,椎体间水平面相对旋转度明显增大（P=0.01）。112个减压相邻上、下节段手术前后比较,上述指标变化均不明显（P〉0.05）。结论：退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者行全椎板切除减压术后减压节段X线影像退变迹象明显,减压相邻上、下节段退变迹象较轻。     

Development and evaluation of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis during growth

Purpose The aim of this study was to establish ranges of angular variation in lordotic and kyphotic curves in normal male and female children and adolescents. Methods We developed a pantograph to measure dorsal curves. It consisted of a tripod-supported vertical strut to which an articulated bar was fixed and which had an arm that was able to follow the dorsal surface while moving up and down. This arm was positioned over the C7 spinous process and followed spinous processes to L5 at constant speed. A laser beam was used to ensure the proper positioning of the pantograph and the subject. The motion was recorded using software so that the dorsal outline was represented on a computer screen, and lordotic and kyphotic curves were automatically measured. Before performing the population study, the pantograph was validated in 20 normal subjects by comparing the pantograph measurements with lateral spine radiographs. There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements. There were 718 subjects with no race selection, of whom 350 were males and 368 females ranging in age from 5 to 20 years and presenting normal weight and height. Individuals with generalized ligament laxity, trunk asymmetry, muscle retraction, or any orthopedic anomaly were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed according to age and gender. Student’s t tests and regression analysis were performed. Results Kyphotic curves increased linearly from 25° at 7 years of age to 38° at 19 years of age (kyphotic angle = 25° + 0.58 × age). Lordotic curves increased linearly from 22° at 5 years of age to 32° at 20 years of age (lordotic angle = 24° + 0.51 × age). There were no differences between males and females. Conclusions The pantograph that was developed for this study was successfully used to establish the normal ranges and progression of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the studied population. Both curves increased linearly with age, with no differences between males and females.     

氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症手术后血肿形成的早期诊断和治疗

目的分析氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症手术后伤口血肿形成的原因,总结早期诊断和治疗的方法。方法采用后路全椎板减压术治疗312例氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症患者,术后短期内出现神经症状恶化并经MRI检查证实为血肿形成18例,一经确诊马上实施血肿清除术。结果所有病例二次手术后神经症状均获得不同程度的恢复,得到早期诊断、早期治疗的病例恢复效果明显优于延迟治疗的病例。结论手术后血肿形成是氟骨病胸椎管狭窄症治疗中的一种严重并发症,只有早期诊断、及时手术清除才能获得满意的效果。     

椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的长期随访观察

目的：分析椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的远期效果及影响疗效的因素，方法：随访10年以上行椎板切除术的病人102例，应用JOA评分标准计算术后改善率，对术前下肢痛时间，年龄，是否合并间盘突出，椎板切除个数，术前JOA评分，患者职业等进行多元相关分析，结果：术后10年优良率73．52％，改善率与术前腰腿痛持续时间及是否合并椎间盘突出有显著性相关，年龄，椎板切除个数，术前JOA评分，患者职业等与率无明显的相关关系。结论：椎板切除治疗腰椎管狭窄症是一种可靠的手术方式，只要掌握好手术适应证，大部分病人可以得到较好的远期效果。     

Comparison between constrained and non-constrained Cobb techniques for the assessment of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis

Sagittal curvatures of the spine can be assessed using the constrained or non-constrained Cobb techniques. However, there is no study that specifically compares these two techniques. The objective of this study is to assess the reproducibility and clinical relevance of the non-constrained Cobb technique (non-constrained limit vertebrae) compared to the constrained Cobb technique (constrained limit vertebrae). Standing sagittal radiographs of the spine of ten adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, ten adolescents with spondylolisthesis and ten normal adolescents were selected. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were measured twice by three observers using both constrained and non-constrained Cobb techniques. Pearson's correlation coefficients, as well as intra- and inter-observer intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Inter-observer ICCs were similar for TK and LL with both techniques, ranging from 0.84 to 0.89. Intra-observer ICCs for both techniques were between 0.74 and 0.92 for TK, while they were between 0.87 and 0.97 for LL. The two techniques were highly correlated for the measurement of the TK (r = 0.96) and LL (r = 0.94). Computer-assisted assessment of the sagittal profile using the non-constrained Cobb technique provides excellent reproducibility. As opposed to the constrained Cobb technique, the non-constrained Cobb technique takes into account the variability in the level of transition between the TK and LL. However, adequate use of this technique requires accurate identification of the limit vertebrae in the thoracolumbar spine. Consequently, a computer-assisted technique is recommended when using the non-constrained Cobb technique.     

胸椎退变致胸髓压迫的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨胸椎退行性改变致慢性胸髓压迫症的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法 ２１例胸椎管狭窄症患者,男９例,女１２例,平均年龄４９．５岁;单纯苋韧带骨化症１６例,Ｓｃｈｅｕｅｍａｎｎ病３例,弥散性特发性骨质肥大症２例;采用ＣＴ、ＣＴＭ、ＭＲＩ及磁刺激ＭＥＰ等检查;用“揭盖法”椎管后侧壁切除及合并前方减压法手术治疗;按ＪＯＡ评分及Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ的标准评定手术疗效。结果 ２１例中,局灶型５例,连续型１０例,跳