饮用天然矿泉水淡水藻类污染研究进展

本文概述了有关研究报告的矿泉水水源及瓶装成品水的藻类污染发生情况，检出种类，检验方法，污染途径及可能造成的危害。从控制污染的观点考察，列出重要的环节。针对淡水藻类的特点，结合瓶装矿泉水的水源，水处理，灌装，包装材料，管理等生产工艺，介绍并分析了国内外学者提出的控制措施和研究趋势。     

饮用天然矿泉水水源淡水藻类分布研究

目的 掌握饮用天然矿泉水水源淡水藻类污染现状。方法 对７４个灌装厂家的７７处饮用天然矿泉水水源采样调查。结果 在７７份样品中有４０份（５１．９５％）检出淡水藻类。蓝藻、绿灌及硅灌发现频率较高另外还有黄藻及裸藻。检出的２５个灌属中,聚球藻、小球藻占优势,绿球藻、栅藻、颤藻、组囊灌和形藻等也较常见。灌类检出与水源菌藻总数、大肠菌群无显著相关性。结论 饮用天然矿泉水水源很可能是灌灶污染瓶装矿泉水的主要原     

应用HACCP控制瓶装纯净水淡水藻类污染

近年来,控制食品质量的先进方法已日益受到重视。上世纪90年代后我国引入危害分析关键控制环节(HACCP)工作方法,并应用于食品卫生的质量控制和评价,对提高食品卫生质量成效显著。淡水藻     

龙岩市桶装直饮水淡水藻类污染状况调查

目的了解桶装直饮水淡水藻类污染状况及对水质卫生质量的影响。方法从2004年5月~2012年4月对龙岩市生产及销售的640份桶装水样进行检测。结果淡水藻类污染总阳性率为21.9%,其中第二、第三季度污染率较高,分别为24.4%和26.3%,并且发现藻类检出和菌落总数超标有显著相关性。结论藻类污染表明生产工艺存在缺陷,提示应进一步加强卫生监督检测工作,改善生产环境,改进生产工艺是提高桶装饮用水卫生质量的关键。     

四川省饮用天然瓶装矿泉水卫生状况及分析

四川省饮用天然瓶装矿泉水卫生状况及分析魏仁均，毛朝明，辛又川，汤晓勤，方亚群矿泉水是洁净无污染并含有人体有益微量元素的天然饮品，自８０年代以来，我国矿泉水产业发展很快，但产品卫生合格率较低，据卫生部食品卫生监督检验所１９９２年对北京市销售的瓶装矿泉水...     

饮用天然矿泉水标准检验方法

本文介绍了《饮用天然矿泉水标准检验方法》制定的目的和科学依据,并按九大类,对一些代表性的指标测定的技术关键,方法的优缺点以及注意事项等问题进行论述。     

瓶装天然矿泉水在保存期间某些成分变化的研究

瓶装矿泉水作为一种新型的保健饮料愈来愈受到人们的青睐。但是 ,矿泉水在保存期间某些成分会发生什么变化是生产厂家和广大消费者都很关心的问题。为此 ,笔者对饮用天然矿泉水在瓶装保存期间某些成分的变化情况进行了实验研究。选择北京、青岛、河南、河北等地 7个厂家的产品作为观察对象。样品来源于市售瓶装矿泉水 (6 0 0 ml) ,每个样品采集同一品牌、同一批号共一箱 ,供一年实验研究用。样品在常温下密封保存。检测项目为 :细菌总数、大肠菌群、锶、硅酸、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、重碳酸盐、p H、总硬度、锌、化学耗氧量等指标。检验方法按 …     

饮用天然矿泉水标准检验方法

<正>我国矿泉水资源丰富,水点多、储量大,包括偏硅酸矿泉水、锶矿泉水、锌矿泉水、锂矿泉水、硒矿泉水、碘矿泉水、碳酸矿泉水、高矿化度矿泉水等多种类型。矿泉水生产在我国已有80多年历史,鼎盛时期矿泉水生产企业遍布全国31个省、直辖     

瓶装矿泉水易被污染

荷兰研究者最近在美国第44届抗微生物药和化疗会议上提醒人们，不要错误地“认为瓶装矿泉水比自来水更纯净”。因为他们研究发现，瓶装矿泉水经常被细菌和真菌污染。     

瓶装饮用天然矿泉水中亚硝酸盐变化因素

瓶装饮用天然矿泉水作为一种有利健康、携带方便的饮料被广大消费者所接受。然而由于各种因素导致一些矿泉水的卫生指标不符合国家标准[1 ] ,合格率较低。除了微生物指标超标外 ,亚硝酸盐超标也是一个重要原因。在日常检测中我们发现有的瓶装矿泉水开始检测时是合格的 ,可放置一段时间后亚硝酸盐超标 ,前后变化较大 ,给卫生监督工作带来一定难度。为此 ,我们就亚硝酸盐变化的因素作了初步观察 ,现将结果报告如下。材料与方法1　样品　系市售瓶装饮用矿泉水。2　试剂　按ＧＢ/Ｔ85 38 1995《饮用天然矿泉水检验方法》中 42 1、 43 1、 5 1规…     

饮用水中浮游藻类标本制作方法

目的 研究饮用水中藻类形态学鉴定样品标本制作方法。方法 分别对不同水源供水区末梢水和同一地点水箱水采样,进行藻类形态学检测。结果城市末梢水中浮游藻类检出率为89％;饮水水箱水中浮游藻类检出率为60％,并且观察到水箱水藻类在种属和数量上增加的情况。结论 该样品标本制作方法完全可以用于饮用水藻类形态学研究。     

Bacteriological quality and risk assessment of the imported and domestic bottled mineral water sold in Fiji

Considering the popularity of bottled mineral water among indigenous Fijians and tourists alike, a study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of different bottled waters. A risk assessment was also carried out. Seventy-five samples of bottled mineral water belonging to three domestic brands and 25 samples of one imported brand were analysed for heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria and faecal coliforms. HPC counts were determined at 22°C and 37°C using R2A medium and a membrane filtration technique was used to determine the faecal coliform (FC) load in 100 ml of water on mFC agar. Between 28 and 68% of the samples of the various domestic brands failed to meet the WHO standard of 100 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 ml at 22°C and 7% of these also tested positive for faecal coliforms. All imported bottled mineral water samples were within WHO standards. A risk assessment of the HPC bacteria was carried out in terms of beta haemolytic activity and antibiotic resistance. More than 50% of the isolates showed beta haemolytic activity and were multi-drug resistant. While the overall quality of the product was generally good, there is a need to enforce stringent quality standards for the domestic bottlers to ensure the safety of consumers.     

Chemical composition of bottled mineral water

Thirty-seven brands of domestic and imported mineral waters were analyzed for the following: alkalinity, aluminum, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chloride, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, nitrate, pH, phosphate, potassium, silver, sodium, specific conductance, sulfate, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Of the waters examined in this study, 24 had one or more determinands that were not in compliance with the drinking water standards in the United States.     

A microbiological study of bottled mineral water marketed in Ludhiana

The microbiological quality of bottled mineral water marketed in Ludhiana was examined, Twenty three brands were analyzed for presumptive coliform count by multiple tube tests, and E. coli count was confirmed by Eijkman test. Bacterial and fungal loads were tested by membrane filtration test. Out of 23 only one sample (4.4%) showed the presumptive coliform count to be 460 most probable number (MPN)l 1 00ml,and 1 was found to be positive when tested by Eijkman test for Ecoli. In the membrane filtration test three samples (13%) showed more than two types of bacteria. Different types of bacteria isolated included Bacillus sp (19/23). Pseudomonas spp (13123), Ecoli, Klebsiella sp and S.albus one each Fungi was isolated from five of twenty three. (22%) samples. Only one brand of mineral water was unfit for human consumption. The rest of the samples were contaminated with non pathogenic flora.     

饮用天然矿泉水人群健康调查

目的 调查了解湖南省天然矿泉水饮用人群的健康状况。方法选择长期饮用天然矿泉水人群为观察组，条件相近不饮用矿泉水人群为对照组，对比两组间健康指标的差异。结果 长期饮用天然矿泉水人群平均期望寿命(e^9)为72．04岁，比不饮用天然矿泉水的对照组人群e^0高出2．99岁，平均死亡年龄要高4．15岁，总患病率要低14．3％，人均医疗费用开支要少28．6％；男女小学生生长发育：男生身高高3．06cm，女生身高高4．26cm；男生体重重2．51kg，女生体重重3．40kg；男生胸围大1．62cm，女生胸围大1．81cm。结论长期饮用天然矿泉水人群的健康状况要优于条件相近不饮用矿泉水人群。     

Comparison of the bacteriological quality of tap water and bottled mineral water

The bacteriological quality of tap water from municipal water supplies, 20-L bottles of mineral water from water dispensers and samples collected from new 20-L bottles of mineral water were comparatively studied. Total coliforms, termotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp. and heterotrophic plate count were enumerated. The results showed that 36.4% of the tap water samples from municipal water systems and 76.6% of the 20-L bottles of mineral water from water dispensers were contaminated by at least one coliform or indicator bacterium and/or at least one pathogenic bacterium. The bacteriological quality of municipal tap water is superior when compared with the 20-L bottles of mineral water collected from water dispensers and samples collected from new 20-L bottles of mineral water before installation in the dispensers. This highlights the need for an improved surveillance system for the bottled water industry. For the municipal water systems, it is recommended to perform the Pseudomonas enumeration periodically, in addition to the routine data collected by most systems.     

Evolution of microbial flora and organic matter in bottled mineral water

A 15-week survey was carried out by the authors in order to detect the total microbial count and the quantity of organic matter in mineral waters bottled in dark glass containers and stored at room temperature. Two different and significant increases were registered at the 2nd and 11th week respectively. A relation between microbial count and organic matter was observed during the period examined.     

郑州市2009年市售瓶装饮用水卫生检测结果分析

目的监测和分析郑州市2009年度市售瓶装饮用水卫生状况及存在的问题,为加强卫生监督管理提供依据。方法随机抽取市场销售的瓶装饮用水1124份,按GB19298-2003、GB/T8538-2008、GB17323-1998和GB/T4789.21-2003规定的方法,检测感官、微生物学和理化指标。结果 1124份样品总合格率为74.0%。其中第1、2、3和4季度合格率分别为83.1%、57.6%、64.8%和87.9%,各季度合格率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=60.2,P﹤0.01)。第2、3季度(夏秋季)与第1、4季度(春冬季)比较合格率明显偏低,其差异有统计学意义(χ2=54.2,P﹤0.01)。感官指标合格率100%。微生物指标中以菌落总数、大肠菌群合格率较低,分别为58.6%、62.1%。理化指标中,亚硝酸盐、高锰酸钾消耗量合格率分别为98.0%、98.9%。铅、砷、铜均未检出。纯净水电导率合格率为97.6%。纯净水抽检样品合格率为65.0%,矿泉水抽检样品合格率为86.50%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.4,P﹤0.01)。结论市售瓶装饮用水尚存在较大卫生质量问题,以菌落总数、大肠菌群超标为主。     

Halogenated volatile organic compounds in bottled mineral water and soft drinks

74 mineral natural water samples and 56 samples of different commercial drinks have been analysed by head-space chromatography in order to evidence the presence of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHO). Trihalomethanes (THM) as drinking water chlorination by-products and trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene as ubiquitarious substances have been investigated. The presence of VHO has been evidenced in 20,3% of mineral natural water samples and in the 58,9% of the commercial soft drinks: this latest group has usually shown higher levels of the investigated compounds. The results of the present study has been compared with a similar study performed in 1991 in the same area: the VHO values observed in the present study appear to be lower than those obtained in the previous study.     

高放射性矿泉水对小鼠免疫功能的影响

昆明种小白鼠６６只随机分成３组，分别饮用自来水和两型高放射性矿泉水１５０天后取样进行免疫效应观察，检测指标包括免疫器官组织结构与重量、白细胞与血红蛋白水平及腹腔巨嗜细胞吞噬功能和体液免疫功能，结果显示：除两型矿泉水组动物血工蛋白数量显著高于对照组外，其余各项指标均无统计学差异。