胃疾患时急性时相血浆蛋白的腔分泌及肿瘤坏死因子的调…

用ＩＣＳ－Ⅱ免疫化学系统（Ｂｅｃｋｍａｎ）检测１８２例慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩小胃炎，十二指肠球部溃疡和胃癌患者的胃液发现，胃液中含数量不等的Ｃ反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）、α１抗胰蛋白酶（α１ＡＴ）、α１酸性糖蛋白（α１ＡＧ）、Ｃ３和Ｃ４等急性时相血浆蛋白（ＡＰＰ），证明这些蛋白向胃腔内分泌胺分泌。慢性萎缩性胃炎较浅表性胃炎或兼有十二指肠球部溃疡者显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），胃癌又较慢性萎缩性胃炎显著升高（     

幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃液和血液抗坏血酸及脂质过氧化物的变化

流行病学调查提示幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌有关，但有不同的报道。为此，我们测定了７５例ＨＰ阳性和ＨＰ阴性病人的胃液和血液抗坏血酸、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ及ＭＤＡ水平，２０例正常人为对照。结果表明，ＨＰ阳性组胃液抗坏血酸、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ水平显著低于ＨＰ阴性组和正常对照组（Ｐ＜０。０５）；ＭＤＡ含量明显增高，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胃液ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ水平呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胃癌病人胃液、血液抗坏血酸、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ及ＭＤＡ含量与溃疡、慢性胃炎比较差异亦有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明ＨＰ在胃粘膜病变局部即从浅表性胃炎一萎缩性胃炎－不典型增生－胃癌这一病理演变过程中起有一定作用     

慢性萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜血流量的研究

为探明慢性萎缩性胃炎者胃粘膜血供情况，应用激光多普勒血流仪测定２８例胃炎患者的胃粘膜血流量（ＧＭＢＦ），其中慢性萎缩性胃炎组１５例，非萎缩性胃炎组１３例。发现：（１）两组从十二指肠球部至胃底部，随着位置的升高，ＧＭＢＦ逐渐增加；（２）胃大弯侧高于小弯侧（前组胃窦部相反）；（３）前组各部位ＧＭＢＦ均低于后组（Ｐ＜０．０５，胃窦大弯侧Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明慢性萎缩性胃炎ＧＭＢＦ较非萎缩性胃炎明显降低，推测这是其发病及难以治愈的重要原因之一。     

萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃液脑肠肽的研究

目的研究萎缩性胃炎伴肠化和（或）异型增生患者血清胃液中部分脑肠肽的变化及临床意义．方法用放射免疫法测定３５例萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃液中物质Ｐ（ＳＰ），β内啡肽（βＥＰ），血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ），胃动素（ＭＴＬ），胃液素（ＧＴ）和亮脑啡肽（ＬＥＫ）含量，并以３３例相当的正常人作对照．结果萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃液ＳＰ，βＥＰ，胃液ＶＩＰ，ＭＴＬ，ＬＥＫ含量显著高于正常人（Ｐ＜００１），而血清胃液ＧＴ含量则显著低于正常人（Ｐ＜００１），且血清胃液ＳＰ，βＥＰ升高和ＧＴ降低呈正相关（Ｐ＜００５）．萎缩性胃炎伴肠化和（或）异生和ＣＡＧ部位之间，上述物质无明显差异．１２例患者伴有轻度贫血（Ｈｂ：１０１６ｇ／Ｌ±１６５ｇ／Ｌ）．结论萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃液脑肠肽可发生变化，且存在一定相关性，联合测定血清胃液这些物质对研究萎缩性胃炎时脑肠肽变化有一定意义．     

幽门螺杆菌阳性胃粘膜病变AgNOR和rasp21的表达

目的研究幽门螺杆菌阳性（Ｈｐ＋）不同胃粘膜病变的ＡｇＮＯＲ数量及ｒａｓｐ２１阳性表达率，探讨其生物学行为及Ｈｐ在此过程中可能的作用．方法经内窥镜病理检查证实胃粘膜病变（慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生、异型增生、胃癌）共计２７８例．通过Ｈｐ检测（ＣＬＯｔｅｓｔ结合ＷａｒｔｈｉｎＳｔａｒｙ染色）证实其中１４６例阳性，１３２例阴性．分别对其粘膜标本作了ＡｇＮＯＲ定量及ｒａｓｐ２１表达的研究，比较不同胃粘膜病变中Ｈｐ阳性和阴性组间ＡｇＮＯＲ数目和ｒａｓｐ２１阳性表达率．结果除慢性浅表性胃炎外各病变中Ｈｐ＋组的ＡｇＮＯＲ数量均显著高于Ｈｐ－组（Ｐ＜００５或Ｐ＜００１）；除慢性浅表性胃炎及慢性萎缩性胃炎外各病变中Ｈｐ＋组的ｒａｓｐ２１阳性表达率均显著高于Ｈｐ－组（Ｐ＜００５）．结论Ｈｐ＋胃粘膜病变具有更多的肿瘤生物学行为，该菌可能刺激胃上皮细胞的过度增殖而启动恶性变．     

不同胃液中一氧化氮水平变化

目的：研究十二指肠球部溃疡和慢性浅表性胃炎患者胃液的ＮＯ水平，以及胃液ＮＯ水平与幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）感染的可能联系。方法：通过胃镜，抽取２３例十二指肠球部溃疡患者、２１例慢性浅表性胃炎患者和１９例正常人的胃液。用Ｇｒｉｅｓ法测胃液中ＮＯ水平。结果：十二指肠球部溃疡患者胃液ＮＯ水平是（３５．５６±６．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），ＨＰ感染者是（３４．１２±８．１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。两者显著高于正常个体（１８．６０±３．０７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。慢性浅表性胃炎患者（１９．７３±２．３２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＨＰ阴性者（２０．２６±３．４４μｏｍｌ／Ｌ）胃液中ＮＯ水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：结果提示ＮＯ可能是引起十二指肠球部溃疡的一个因素，ＨＰ感染可能是十二指肠球部溃疡患者胃液中ＮＯ增高的原因     

胃良性病变患者血清及胃粘膜组织中白细胞介素—1水平检测及其临床意义

采用细胞生物反应法测定了慢性浅表胃炎（ＣＳＧ）、胃溃疡（ＧＵ）及慢性萎缩性胃炎（ＣＡＧ）患者血清及胃组织的白细胞介素－１（ＩＬ－１）含量。结果显示，各组间血清ＩＬ－１水平无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。组织中ＩＬ－１水平ＣＳＧ组低于ＣＡＧ组（Ｐ〈０．０５），但与对照组、ＧＵ组比较无差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；ＧＵ组低于正常组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；ＣＡＧ组高于Ｎ组，ＣＳＧ组、ＧＵ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。提示局部胃粘膜     

老年胃癌及癌前病变中幽门螺杆菌感染情况的研究

采用ＰＣＲ方法检测老年胃癌及癌前病变组织中幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）感染情况。结果显示：正常组ＨＰ感染率为１５．０％，浅表性胃炎组为７０．０％，胃癌组为６３．３％；萎缩性胃炎组阳性率为８６．８％，不典型增生组为８４．０％，肠化生组为７５．０％。胃癌组中，高、中分化癌阳性率明显高于低分化组（Ｐ＜０．０１），肠型胃癌阳性率明显高于弥漫型（Ｐ＜０．０１）。萎缩性胃炎组及不典型增生组，中、重度者阳性率明显高于轻度者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以上结果证明，ＨＰ与胃癌、癌前病变、胃炎均有密切相关性     

胃窦粘膜及胃液中生长抑素胃泌素含量与幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎关系的研究

本文对３９例ＨＰ（＋），２３例ＨＰ（－）的慢性浅表性胃炎患者及８例正常对照组的胃窦粘膜组织及胃液经胃镜取材后用放射免疫分析方法（ＲＩＡ）分别测定了胃泌素、生长抑素含量。研究结果显示：①胃窦粘膜组织ＳＳ水平在ＨＰ（－）胃炎组显著高于ＨＰ（＋）胃炎组（Ｐ＜０．０１）而与正常组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＨＰ（＋）胃炎组较正常组ＳＳ水平为低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；②胃液ＳＳ水平在ＨＰ（－）胃炎组显著高于ＨＰ（＋）组（Ｐ＜０．０１）与正常组比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；③胃窦粘膜ＧＳ水平在ＨＰ（＋）组与ＨＰ（－）组及正常组之间比较均无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而胃液ＧＳ水平在ＨＰ（＋）组显著高于ＨＰ（－）组（Ｐ＜０．０１）及正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；④组织ＳＳ水平与胃液ＳＳ水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．２９８４，Ｐ＜０．０５），与胃液ＧＳ水平呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．３８６０Ｐ＜０．００１）。研究结果表明，ＨＰ感染胃窦粘膜可致其组织及胃液ＳＳ水平降低，胃液ＧＳ水平增高。提示：ＨＰ感染可能抑制了胃窦Ｄ细胞的功能，ＨＰ感染可使Ｇ细胞的腔分泌功能增强。     

8种肿瘤相关抗原在活检胃粘膜病变组织中的表达

应用免疫组织化学方法观察了８种肿瘤相关抗原（ＭＧ７、ＭＧｄ１、ＭＣ３、ＣＥＡ、涎酸化糖蛋白、ＣＡ１９─９、ＰＳ─４和ＴＡＧ─７２）在１１０例胃癌、３２例异型增生，１７３例萎缩性胃炎和２０例大致正常胃粘膜活检组织中的表达，发现胃癌组８种肿瘤相关抗原染色的阳性率显著高于良性病变和正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。异型增生组和萎缩性胃炎组８种肿瘤相关抗原阳性率均显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。除ＭＣ３外，各抗原在胎儿胃或肠粘膜均有部分阳性。以上结果说明，检测胃粘膜组织中的上述８种抗原，对胃癌的诊断和高危人群的筛选可能有重要意义。     

Advances in Retinal Tissue Engineering

Retinal degenerations cause permanent visual loss and affect millions world-wide. Current treatment strategies, such as gene therapy and anti-angiogenic drugs, merely delay disease progression. Research is underway which aims to regenerate the diseased retina by transplanting a variety of cell types, including embryonic stem cells, fetal cells, progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Initial retinal transplantation studies injected stem and progenitor cells into the vitreous or subretinal space with the hope that these donor cells would migrate to the site of retinal degeneration, integrate within the host retina and restore functional vision. Despite promising outcomes, these studies showed that the bolus injection technique gave rise to poorly localized tissue grafts. Subsequently, retinal tissue engineers have drawn upon the success of bone, cartilage and vasculature tissue engineering by employing a polymeric tissue engineering approach. This review will describe the evolution of retinal tissue engineering to date, with particular emphasis on the types of polymers that have routinely been used in recent investigations. Further, this review will show that the field of retinal tissue engineering will require new types of materials and fabrication techniques that optimize the survival, differentiation and delivery of retinal transplant cells.     

同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞合成蛋白聚糖的影响

为探讨同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞合成蛋白聚糖的影响，采用400umol／L同型半胱氨酸作用于培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞，以^35S-Na2SO4为示踪物标记细胞合成的蛋白聚糖，通过离子交换层析，凝胶过滤层析分离蛋白聚糖。结果发现，实验组培养液中总蛋白聚糖降低，硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖及硫酸软骨素-硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖含量也降低，但其百分含量未见改变。细胞层中蛋白聚糖未见明显变化。     

International Hemoglobin Information Center Policies - Ihic

Abstract

The levels of the inactive hemoglobin (Hb) pigments [such as methemoglobin (metHb), carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and sulfohemoglobin (SHb)] and the active Hb [in the oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) form] as well as the blood Hb concentration in healthy non pregnant female volunteers were determined using a newly developed multi-component spectrophotometric method. The results of this method revealed values of SHb% in the range (0.0727–0.370%), metHb% (0.43–1.0%), HbCO% (0.4–1.52%) and oxyHb% (97.06–98.62%). Furthermore, the results of this method revealed values of blood Hb concentration in the range (12.608–15.777?g/dL). The method is highly sensitive, accurate and reproducible.     

Efficacy of combination treatment with cyclosporin A and corticosteroids for acute interstitial pneumonitis associated with dermatomyositis

Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is a serious complication that affects prognosis. We therefore undertook a retrospective multicenter study to examine the efficacy of a combination treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and corticosteroids. Fifty-three IP patients with PM/DM (9 PM, 44 DM) were analyzed. Thirty-two patients treated with CsA plus corticosteroids (9 PM, 23 DM) were included in the study. Four parameters, i.e., subjective symptoms, ausculatory sound, chest radiographs, and respiratory index, were serially evaluated. A general evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the start of the combination treatment. All patients with PM and chronic IP with DM, and 52% of those with acute IP with DM were graded as better than partially effective in the general evaluation. In contrast, all patients graded as progressive in the general evaluation had acute IP with DM. It is of note that in acute IP with DM, the survival rate of the group primarily treated with CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of their disease was significantly higher than that of the group initially treated with corticosteroids alone (P = 0.049). In conclusion, a combination treatment of CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of disease may be advantageous for patients with IP with PM/DM, especially acute IP with DM.     

Efficacy of combination treatment with cyclosporin A and corticosteroids for acute interstitial pneumonitis associated with dermatomyositis

Abstract

Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is a serious complication that affects prognosis. We therefore undertook a retrospective multicenter study to examine the efficacy of a combination treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and corticosteroids. Fifty-three IP patients with PM/DM (9 PM, 44 DM) were analyzed. Thirty-two patients treated with CsA plus corticosteroids (9 PM, 23 DM) were included in the study. Four parameters, i.e., subjective symptoms, ausculatory sound, chest radiographs, and respiratory index, were serially evaluated. A general evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the start of the combination treatment. All patients with PM and chronic IP with DM, and 52% of those with acute IP with DM were graded as better than “partially effective” in the general evaluation. In contrast, all patients graded as “progressive” in the general evaluation had acute IP with DM. It is of note that in acute IP with DM, the survival rate of the group primarily treated with CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of their disease was significantly higher than that of the group initially treated with corticosteroids alone (P = 0.049). In conclusion, a combination treatment of CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of disease may be advantageous for patients with IP with PM/DM, especially acute IP with DM.     

Methemoglobin Forming Effect of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Mice

Abstract

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a natural organic trisulfide that has been patented as a promising antidotal candidate against cyanide (CN). The primary mode of action of DMTS is as a sulfur donor that enables the conversion of CN to thiocyanate. Recently, it was discovered that DMTS is capable of oxidizing hemoglobin (Hb) to methemoglobin (MetHb) in vitro. The goal of these experiments was to measure the extent of DMTS-induced MetHb formation in vivo. In these experiments, intramuscular (IM) injections of formulated DMTS were administered to mice. Following the IM injection, blood was drawn and analyzed for MetHb using a rapid spectrophotometric method. Methemoglobin levels peaked in a dose-dependent manner between 20 and 30?min., and then began dropping. The highest MetHb levels measured for the 50, 100, 200 and 250?mg/kg doses of DMTS were respectively 3.28, 6.12, 9.69, and 10.76% MetHb. These experiments provide the first experimental evidence that IM administered DMTS generates MetHb in vivo and provide additional evidence for the presence of a secondary therapeutic pathway for DMTS - CN scavenging by DMTS-generated MetHb.     

Golimumab for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis

Introduction: Golimumab (GLM) is a subcutaneously administered human anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent that has been approved by the regulatory authorities for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in 2013.

Areas covered: Maintained clinical remission rates up to 50% have been shown in UC patients receiving GLM, and higher GLM serum concentrations have been associated with improved clinical outcomes. Approximately 50% of UC patients do not respond to induction therapy with GLM, and up to 40% of GLM responders will lose response over time. In most patients, loss of response is associated with low serum GLM concentrations, which suggests insufficient exposure to GLM. Low GLM serum concentrations may be avoided by therapeutic drug monitoring.

Expert commentary: So far, the therapeutic window for GLM has not yet been defined, but options to dose increase GLM based on therapeutic drug monitoring might result in improved clinical outcome and higher success rates.     

The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Role in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) occurs when a non-specific pore opens in the inner mitochondrial membrane and converts the mitochondrion from an organelle whose ATP production sustains the normal function of the cell to an instrument of death. Conditions favouring the MPT including high [Ca2+], oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide depletion, all of which occur when a tissue is reperfused following a period of ischemia. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and low pH (<7.0) are potent inhibitors of the MPT. Methods have been devised to demonstrate directly that the MPT pores open upon reperfusion but not during ischemia. The mechanism of the MPT appears to involve binding of mitochondrial cyclophilin (CyP) to the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) followed by a calcium-mediated conformational change that converts the ANT into a non-specific pore. Understanding the molecular mechanism has assisted in devising strategies that can be used to protect tissues from damage caused by reperfusion injury. These might also be of benefit in the prevention of multiple organ failure for which reperfusion injury of the gut is thought to be the initial trigger. Protective regimes include the pretreatment of tissues prior to ischemia/reperfusion with CsA (binds to CyP), free radical scavengers that reduce oxidative stress (e.g., pyruvate and propofol) and agents that decrease pHi (e.g., pyruvate or amelioride derivatives). Reperfusion injury can produce both immediate cell death by necrosis or delayed apoptotic cell death and it appears that the mitochondria determine which route is taken. Prolonged opening leads to rapid cell death by necrosis, whilst transient opening leads to cytochrome c release and subsequent apoptosis hours or days later.     

Papillomavirus Infectious Pathways: A Comparison of Systems

The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.     

Efficacy and safety of bucillamine, a d-penicillamine analogue, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis

Japanese rheumatologists consider bucillamine (Buc) to be a useful disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and often give Buc to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prior to administering methotrexate (MTX). However, no large studies on the efficacy and safety of Buc in RA patients have been published in English to date. We therefore investigated the clinical course of RA patients treated with Buc and compared the results with those for patients treated with MTX to evaluate and confirm the place of Buc in therapeutic strategies for RA in Japan. Our results suggested that Buc should be given to patients with moderately active RA either before or after the administration of MTX because its efficacy can be judged within 3 months and because serious adverse events are rare. Issues like the ability of Buc to prevent joint destruction and its efficacy and safety when combined with agents like etanercept require future study.