广西输入性和继发性SARS病例及高危人群血清流行病学研究

目的:为了阐明广西输入性和继发性SARS病人血清中IgM和IgG抗体的产生、持续时间以及变化规律、及其临床意义.方法:于2003年3～5月(第一次)及2005年4～6月(第二次)2次分别收集在广西发生的输入性及继发性SARS病例16例及密切接触的高危人群176人的流行病学资料及血清,采用ELISA法检测研究对象血清中的SARS IgM和IgG抗体;应用描述流行病学方法对SARS病人及隐性感染者IgM和IgG抗体的产生、持续时间以及变化规律进行分析.结果:第一次采集到的16例SARS康复期病例血清中IgG、IgM双抗体阳性者8例,阳性率为50%(8/16);密切接触的高危人群176例中有4例IgG、IgM双抗体阳性,阳性率为2.3%(4/176),但无任何症状被诊断为隐性感染者;IgG、IgM双抗体阳性病例引起的继发性感染率显著高于IgG、IgM双抗体阴性患者,分别为16.8%(16/95)和4.9%(4/81)(P=0.016);第一次在恢复期检测为IgG、IgM双抗体阳性的4例病例中,第二次检测IgG抗体仍为阳性,有2例IgM抗体阴转;第一次检测为IgG、IgM双抗体阳性隐性感染的4人中,第二次检测IgG抗体仍为阳性,其中3人IgM抗体阴转,2年内IgM抗体阴转占5/8.结论:[1]仅依靠抗体检测作为SARS诊断依据会发生漏诊;[2]IgG抗体可以维持至少两年以上,康复后第二年内IgM抗体可大部分阴转;[3]IgG、IgM双抗体阳性患者传染性较IgG、IgM双抗体阴性患者强,易引起密切接触者的继发性感染;[4]广西输入性病例不仅可引起的继发性显性感染也可引起继发性隐性感染,包括IgG、IgM双抗体阴性的隐性感染者.     

SARS流行期间高暴露医护人员SARS病毒抗体检测分析

目的探讨在2003年SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)流行期间,曾经参加救治SARS病例的医护人员(高暴露人群)SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)抗体产生情况,为防范SARS提供指导意义。方法运用酶联免疫(ELISA)方法,同时检测95例SARS患者、313例高暴露人群和90例正常对照组血清SARS病毒抗体,包括IgM和IgG。结果95例临床确诊的SARS患者IgM抗体总阳性率为91.6%,IgG抗体总阳性率为97.9%,所有高暴露人群和正常对照组抗SARS-CoVIgM和抗SARS-CoVIgG均为阴性。结论对SARS流行期间不同人群SARS病毒血清抗体检测表明,313名医护人员和90名正常健康人中,未发现隐性感染者,SARS病毒抗体检测,可以为临床诊断、预防和流行病学调查等提供指导意义。     

张家口市SARS患者、疑似病例、留观及密切接触医护人员血清中IgG、IgM抗体测定

目的：为临床诊断及排除严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)提供依据和对留观及密切接触医护人员有无感染作初步调查。方法：用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)53例临床诊断病例、29例疑似病例、63例留观及114例密切接触医护人员的血清中SARS冠状病毒IgG、IgM抗体。结果：SARS临床诊断病例IgG抗体阳性21例，IgM抗体阳性18例，其中有17例IgG、IgM抗体均为阳性，总阳性率为41．5％；留观人员IgG抗体阳性1例；其他均为阴性。结论：ELISA测定血清抗SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性病例可确诊感染病毒，对于观察期后(一般为21d)人员，阴性结果可以排除感染。     

湖南省不同人群SARS冠状病毒抗体血清流行病学研究

目的通过开展高暴露人群、本地健康人群及从SARS流行地区返湘的流动人群的SARS血清流行病学调查，了解他们感染SARS冠状病毒的状况，阐明我省SARS流行和波及的范围，为今后的科学防治提供依据。方法于2003年5—8月选择病例的家庭密切接触者、接诊SARS确诊病例的医务人员、各级疾病预防控制机构现场处置工作人员、果子狸等野生动物接触人员、5个县健康人群及SARS流行期间从流行地区返湘的流动人群为调查对象，采集调查对象的血清标本，用ELISA法检测SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体。结果共检测血清标本805份，SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性率为0．50％，其中以家庭密切接触者的阳性率最高，为8．70％，其次流动人群的阳性率为0．65％，其他人群的阳性率均为0。结论家庭密切接触者的SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性率显著高于其他人群，支持近距离飞沫传播和密切接触是SARS的主要传播途径；我省不同人群SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性率均低于广东的报道，且医务人员、疾控人员及健康人群的SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性率均为0，证实SARS在传人我省后，及时得到有效控制，未造成流行和波及其他人群；野生动物接触人员的SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性率为0，说明目前还没有证据显示我省野生动物携带SARS冠状病毒。     

严重急性呼吸综合征病毒基因检测和特异性抗体检测的诊断意义分析

目的探讨严重急性呼吸综合征病毒基因检测和特异性抗体检测的诊断意义和价值。方法采用巢式反转录PCR和ELISA法分别检测健康人、普通发热患者、SARS密切接触医务人员及不同时期SARS患者痰标本中SARS病毒核酸和血清标本中特异性抗体IgG和IgM。结果SARS患者住院1～58d期间,采用巢式RT-PCR检测痰SARS病毒基因,52例患者中33例阳性,阳性率63.5%;而采用间接ELISA检测血清抗SARS病毒抗体,52例患者中30例阳性,阳性率为57.7%。2种方法均阳性的有15例,均阴性的有6例。2种病原学诊断方法检测20例正常人、15例发热非SARS患者和20例SARS密切接触医务人员,结果均为阴性。住院1～13d组(92.9%)巢式RT-PCR基因阳性率明显高于ELISA特异性抗体阳性率(7.1%);住院37～58d组巢式RT-PCR基因阳性率(47.4%)则明显低于ELISA特异性抗体阳性率(94.7%)(P<0.01)。结论痰中SARS病毒基因检测可用于SARS的早期诊断,这对于提前确诊和治疗SARS患者,尽早排除疑似病例具有非常关键和现实的意义。血清特异性抗体检测可用于流行病学调查,但对SARS早期诊断和鉴别没有意义。     

SARS病人SARS冠状病毒核壳抗原抗体的变化规律

目的通过监测SARS冠状病毒感染患者的抗体水平,阐明SARS冠状病毒感染机体免疫应答的机制并探讨血清学诊断的意义。方法采用基因重组SARS冠状病毒核壳抗原(N)建立间接ELISA法,检测健康人和SARS患者急性期和恢复期多点血清中特异性IgG和IgM抗体。以D450值=2.1×200例健康人血清中特异性IgG和IgM抗体均值作为抗体阳性判断的临界值。结果IgM和IgG的阳性临界值分别为0.233 和0.239。以此对13例SARS病人急性期和恢复期IgM和IgG抗体检测结果进行判断,结果发现:发病1周内,IgM和IgG抗体检测均为阴性;发病第2周,IgM和IgG检出阳性率分别为83.3%和66.7%;第3周均为100%;发病第2个月,IgM检出阳性率为61.5%,至第3个月,IgM检出阳性率为38.5%;IgG至第1个月时达到高峰,第3个月仍维持在高水平。结论机体产生针对SARS冠状病毒核壳抗原的抗体持续时间长,提示SARS冠状病毒核壳抗原具有强免疫原性,在SARS冠状病毒致病机制中可能起重要的作用、在SARS的血清学诊断方面具有重要的价值。     

三种特殊群体血清中SARS抗体检测分析

目的 了解新生儿、1～10岁儿童以及与SARS患者密切接触的医护人员血清中出现SARS病毒抗体的情况,并加以分析。方法 应用间接ELISA法,对15例新生儿、30例1～10岁儿童以及我院50例在SARS病房工作15天以上的医护人员的血清进行了SARS相关冠状病毒抗体IgM、IgG水平的检测。结果 15例新生儿以及50例医护人员中未检测到SARS抗体IgM、IgG,30例1～10岁儿童中,检测出3例SARS抗体IgG阳性,阳性率为10％,无一例SARS抗体IgM阳性。结论 我院一线医护人员中可能无SARS病者隐性感染者,儿童中SARS抗体IgG阳性率较高,这可能是此次SARS爆发中儿童感染率较低的原因之一。     

广西输入性SARS病例传播因素的流行病学研究

目的:为了明确输入性SARS病例在广西引起易感人群传染的危险性以及影响病毒传播的危险因素,为预防SARS在广西的再度流行提供科学依据.方法:①应用回顾性研究和随访研究的流行病学方法收集2003年在广西发生的两个疫点中的输入性和继发性SARS病例资料,应用描述流行病学方法描述每个输入性病例引起继发性病例传播的传播链.②通过对输入性SARS病例到继发性病例的发生的流行病学调查资料和传播链的分析,找出影响输入性病例传播的危险因素.③应用血清流行病学方法,于2003年5月及2005年11月分别两次对此两疫点发生的输入性、继发性SARS病例、家庭成员及密切接触者、参与诊治的医护人员进行血清流行病学调查.应用ELISA法检测研究对象血清中的SARS冠状病毒抗体IgG和IgM.结果:参与诊治先证A诊治的全部医护人员的继发性隐性感染率为2.1%(2/97),显著低于参与先证A护理的亲属的继发性发病率41.7%(5/12)(P＜0.01).参与先证A1护理的亲属9人中,有5人属于继发性隐性感染,继发性感染率为55.6%(5/9),远高于医护人员的继发性感染率4%(3/75)(P＜0.01).结论:输入性SARS病例如果IgM、IgG双抗体阳性者病毒的传染力极强,第2代病例可能由于病毒的变异而导致毒力下降.广西输入性病例引起第2代病例的感染主要原因是通风不良、近距离无防护密切接触;通风良好可以降低空气中的病毒浓度,即使出现感染,也仅引起隐性感染;气候是影响SARS的流行重要因素之一.     

不同人群抗SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体血清学检测与分析

目的 :探索不同人群中抗SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体的发生、发展及分布规律 ;评价间接ELISA方法检测SARS冠状病毒IgG、IgM特异性抗体试剂盒及改进方法。 方法 :分别获取SARS流行前无偿献血者标本 3990份 ,一线抗SARS医务人员标本 397份和临床确诊的SARS患者标本 15 7份 ,采用ELISA方法进行SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体检测。结果 :SARS流行前无偿献血者标本 3990份共检出IgG抗体阳性标本 16份 ,阳性率为 0 .4 0 % ;IgM抗体阳性标本 0份 ,阳性率为 0 %。一线抗SARS医务人员标本 397份 ,共检出IgG抗体阳性标本 2份 ,阳性率为 0 .5 0 % ;IgM抗体均为阴性。临床确诊的SARS患者标本 15 7份 ,共检出IgG抗体阳性标本 119份 ,阳性率为 75 .79% ;IgM阳性标本 6 8份 ,阳性率为 4 3.31%。结论 :一线抗SARS医务人员与SARS流行前无偿献血者IgG、IgM抗体阳性率无显著差异 (P =0 .76 >0 .0 5 ) ;采用该SARS冠状病毒 (变异株 )IgG抗体试剂盒检测SARS流行前无偿献血者人群存在一定的阳性率 ,说明该试剂盒包被的抗原与其它免疫球蛋白 (IgG)有交叉反应 ,有待进一步改进     

SARS患者特异性抗体变化规律的检测

目的:本项研究可为确诊SARS感染者提供科学试验依据,以便临床医生鉴别其它呼吸道类症.尤其是特异性IgM的阳性反应的检出是早期感染SARS病毒(非典病毒)的重要标志之一.此外,对临床治疗医生随时掌握患者的体液免疫状况、抗体产生水平、用药,(特别是激素的用量及使用时间)等均具有参考价值和指导作用.方法:酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA).结果:感染SARSV15d,血清中特异性IgG的阳性率为34.55%;IgM78.36%;感染后45d,IgG阳性率为92.73%,IgM阳性率为42.27%.结论:在感染SARS早期,特异性IgM产生性,阳性率高,无愧于"先锋抗体"之美称;在感染中后期IgG阳性率显著升高,结果完全与免疫应答机理相吻合.此外,血清特异性IgM的栓出,是新近感染的标志,常普遍应用于早期病原学诊断,因而是SARS早期诊断更直接的凭证.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.