辅助性肠造口在直肠癌低位前切除术中的临床价值探讨

目的探讨辅助性肠造口在直肠癌低位前切除术中降低吻合口漏发生率的临床价值。方法对1999年1月至2005年1月行直肠癌低位前切除术161例患者分成施行或未施行辅助性回肠造口两组,分析两组间吻合口漏发生率的差异。结果88例未行辅助性肠造口组9例(10.2%)发生吻合口漏,73例行辅助性肠造口组1例发生吻合口漏(1.4%),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在直肠癌低位前切除术中,辅助性肠造口能有效降低吻合口漏的发生率。但应当根据具体情况决定是否行辅助性回肠造口。     

直肠癌超低位前切除术中行预防性回肠造口的临床评价

目的评价预防性回肠造口在直肠癌超低位前切术中对降低吻合口瘘发生率的临床价值。方法1999年1月~2005年11月行直肠癌超低位前切术64例,36例(A组)未施行预防性回肠造口,28例(B组)同时行预防性回肠造口,比较两组吻合口瘘发生率、住院时间等。结果A组9例发生吻合口瘘,B组无一例发生吻合口瘘;A、B组平均住院日分别为33 d和25 d;两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论在直肠癌超低位前切术中施行预防性回肠造口能有效地降低吻合口瘘的发生率。     

预防性回肠造口在直肠癌超低位前切除术中的应用价值

目的探讨预防性回肠造口降低直肠癌超低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的临床价值。方法回顾性分析8年间行直肠癌超低位前切除术98例患者的临床资料。比较实施预防性回肠造口组(A)45例和未实施组(B)53例两组间吻合口瘘发生率的差异。结果A组仅1例发生吻合口瘘(2.2%);B组11例发生吻合口瘘(20.8%)(P(0.05)。结论有选择的预防性回肠造口,可有效降低直肠癌超低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的发生率。     

保护性回肠造口在直肠癌超低位前切除术中的临床价值

目的探讨保护性回肠造口在直肠癌超低位前切除术中降低吻合口瘘发生率的临床价值。方法分析2003年1月至2005年9月在直肠癌超低位前切除术中施行与未施行保护性回肠造口患者的吻合口瘘发生情况。结果施行保护性回肠造口的39例患者仅2．6％（1例）发生吻合口瘘，但无自觉症状；平均住院时间为12（9—16）d。未施行保护性回肠造口的65例患者中吻合口瘘发生率12．3％（8例），分别予以横结肠造口、Hartmann术和腹会阴联合切除术及营养支持与局部冲洗引流治疗后愈合；出现吻合口瘘的患者平均住院时间为52（36—78）d。结论在直肠癌超低位前切除术中施行保护性回肠造口能降低吻合口瘘的发生率。     

直肠癌超低位前切除术吻合口漏预防方法的探讨

目的探讨直肠癌超低位前切除术吻合口漏的原因及对策。方法2002年1月~2003年12月采用常规方法行双吻合器直肠癌超低位前切除11例(对照组),2004年1月~2005年11月采用改良技术行双吻器直肠癌超低位前切除术31例(改良组),术中行会阴助推,注意吻合器穿刺头穿刺点的选择,行远侧直肠密闭试验及吻合口压力试验,经肛门置管至吻合口以上,骶前放置引流管经腹壁引出。结果对照组发生吻合口漏2例,经横结肠造瘘或保守治疗治愈。改良组无吻合口漏,其会阴助推方法显示盆腔直肠的长度平均增加3 cm;远侧直肠密闭试验阳性6例,均经缝合后消除,吻合口漏气4例,其中3例经缝合后消除,另1例因位置太低无法缝合而行预防性回肠造瘘,术后未发生吻合口漏。结论会阴助推、注意吻合器穿刺头穿刺点的选择、远侧直肠密闭试验与吻合口压力试验在双吻合器直肠癌超低位前切除术中的应用,对预防吻合口漏有一定的帮助。     

预防性横结肠造口在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用价值

目的 探讨预防性横结肠造口在预防吻合口漏发生的临床价值.方法 分析108例直肠癌低位前切除术患者术后吻合口漏发生情况,其中行预防性横结肠造口患者42例,未行预防性横结肠造口患者66例.结果 行预防性横结肠造口术组患者仅1例发生无症状的吻合口漏,发生率2.4%;平均住院时间为14 d(12～16)d.未行预防性横结肠造口者7例发生吻合口漏,发生率10.6%,出现吻合口漏的患者平均住院时间为26 d(24～33)d.结论 在直肠癌低位前切除术中行防性横结肠造口能降低吻合口漏的发生率.     

末端回肠外置造口在低位直肠癌手术中的应用

目的探讨末端回肠造口在低位直肠癌手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析16例低位直肠癌前切除术中加行末端回肠外置造口术防治吻合口漏的临床资料。结果 16例均经直肠癌低位前切除术切除病灶一期吻合并加行末端回肠外置造口术。术后未发生吻合口漏。2个月后二期手术回纳回肠造口,回纳前3例出现直肠吻合口狭窄,所有病人如期实施造口回纳,未出现并发症。结论末端回肠外置造口制作和回纳简单,手术并发症少,可有效预防和治疗直肠癌术后吻合口漏,尤其在高龄、全身情况较差、有伴发病、手术操作难度大等不利于低位吻合病人中有较好的临床推广价值。     

保护性造口在直肠癌低位前切除术中价值的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的前瞻性评价保护性造口在直肠癌低位前切除术中的价值。方法选择2006年10月～2011年10月间在我院接受择期开腹根治性低位前切除术,并符合入选标准的100例中下段直肠癌患者,随机分为三组：A组33例在完成结直肠吻合后行经升结肠回肠置管造口术;B组35例行横结肠或末段回肠袢式造口术;C组32例不行保护性造口术。观察吻合口漏的发生率以及造口相关的并发症。结果 100例患者术后发生吻合口漏5例,总的吻合口漏发生率为5.0%。A、B、C组的吻合口漏发生率分别为6.1%（2/33）、5.7%（2/35）和3.1%（1/32）,组间比较无统计学差异（P=0.838,P〉0.05）。68例行保护性造口患者（A＋B组）和32例不行保护性造口患者（C组）术后吻合口漏的发生率分别为5.9%（4/68）和3.1%（1/32）,无统计学差异（P=0.922,P〉0.05）。4例（A、B组）有保护性造口发生吻合口漏的患者症状较轻,而1例（C组）无保护性造口发生吻合口漏患者的症状较重。A组中仅2例在拔除回肠置管后发生腹壁瘘口短暂的溢肠内容物现象,经换药后很快愈合。而B组中肠造口并发症的发生率为25.7%（9/35）,后期造口还纳术并发症的发生率为22.9%（8/35）。结论保护性造口不能降低直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口漏的发生,但能减轻吻合口漏发生后的症状。传统的保护性横结肠或末段回肠袢式造口术造口相关的并发症发生率较高。对具有吻合口漏高危因素患者,经升结肠回肠置管造口术是一种理想的可供选择的方法。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗后预防回肠造口与吻合口漏相关性研究

目的探讨研究保护性回肠造口是否可以降低直肠癌新辅助治疗患者术后吻合口漏的发病率及相关性。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院2011年5月-2020年8月直肠癌新辅助放化疗行直肠癌前切除术的患者108例实施保护性回肠造口(试验组)63例,未实施保护性回肠造口(对照组)45例。主要比较两组患者吻合口漏发病率,同时分析吻合口漏相关因素,统计永久造口率。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析、结果试验组和对照组术后吻合口漏的总发病率分别为9.52%(6/63)和6.66%(3/45)(P=0.59),其中试验组发生A级吻合口漏2例,对照组无A级吻合口漏,两组差异无统计学意义(33.33%比0,P=0.77);试验组发生B级吻合口漏4例,对照组2例,两组差异无统计学意义(66.67%比66.67%,P=0.45);试验组无C级吻合口漏.对照组发生C级吻合口漏1例,两组差异无统计学意义(0比33.33%,P=0.70)。Logistic回归分析显示实施保护性造口与否同吻合口漏的发生无关(P=0.26),肿瘤距肛缘距离关系吻合口漏的发生(P=0.01)。试验组术后永久造口率为9/63(16.67%)。结论保护性回肠造口在降低直肠癌新辅助放化疗患者术后吻合口漏发病率方面并无显著优势,并有可能导致永久造口。     

保护性横结肠襻式造口对腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏及狭窄的影响

目的 探讨保护性横结肠襻式造口术对减少腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏及狭窄的价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年3月至2012年2月浙江大学金华医院收治的128例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料.所有患者接受新辅助治疗后行腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术,其中61例采用保护性横结肠襻式造口（造口组）,67例未采用保护性横结肠襻式造口（未造口组）.比较两组患者吻合口漏及吻合口狭窄的发生率、病情程度和治疗转归.患者术后采用门诊复诊、入院化疗就诊及电话等方式随访.随访时间截至2013年5月.计量资料采用-x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率或构成比表示,组间比较采用x2检验或Fisher确切概率法.结果 128例直肠癌患者术后总体吻合口漏发生率为7.03％（9/128）,其中造口组发生为率6.56％ （4/61）,未造口组发生率为7.46％ （5/67）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（x2=0.000,P＞0.05）.造口组患者中4例发生吻合口漏患者全身反应轻,均经保守治疗后痊愈,未行再次手术治疗;未造口组患者中5例发生吻合口漏患者全身症状重,其中4例行再次手术治疗,再次手术率为4/5,1例经保守治愈,两组再次手术率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.128例直肠癌患者术后总体吻合口狭窄发生率为13.28％ （17/128）.造口组患者吻合口狭窄发生率为19.67％（12/61）,其中重度吻合口狭窄发生率为8.20（5/61）;未造口组患者吻合口狭窄发生率为7.46％ （5/67）,其中重度吻合口狭窄发生率为0,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（x2=4.133,P＜0.05）.结论 保护性横结肠襻式造口术不能降低腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的发生率,可减轻吻合口漏的相关症状,能降低再次手术率.但保护性横结肠襻式造口术可增加术后吻合口狭窄发生率,因此应慎重选用该术式.     

预防性造口对腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术后短期生活质量的影响

目的:探讨预防性造口对腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术后患者短期生活质量的影响。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,纳入2015年5月—2016年5月空军军医大学附属唐都医院胃肠外科病例信息完整行低位前切除术的低位直肠癌患者98例,其中48例低位前切除术后行预防性回肠造口(造口组),50例未行预防性回肠造口(未造口组),比较两组患者的临床病理资料、术后低位前切除综合征评分和生活质量评分。结果:造口组接受新辅助放化疗的与病理分期较晚的患者明显多于未造口组(均P0.05);两组吻合口漏发生率、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目及术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);无论是否接受新辅助放化疗,造口组造口还纳后1年内低位前切除综合征评分明显低于未造口组术后1年内低位前切除综合征评分(P0.05);生活质量方面,造口组总体健康状况、躯体功能及情绪功能评分在术后3个月与6个月、社会功能和角色功能评分在术后3个月、腹泻状况评分在术后半年内均明显优于未造口组(均P0.05)。结论:预防性造口可减轻腹腔镜低位直肠癌前切除术患者术后低位前切除综合征症状的严重程度,并改善术后短期生活质量。     

Prospective Evaluation of Selective Defunctioning Stoma for Low Anterior Resection with Total Mesorectal Excision

Low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal carcinoma is associated with a high anastomotic leakage rate, and the effectiveness of a defunctioning stoma in preventing anastomotic leakage remains controversial. In this study a policy of selective defunctioning stoma for stapled colorectal anastomosis after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision in 148 consecutive patients was evaluated prospectively. A defunctioning stoma was performed in 61 patients (41%) considered at high risk of anastomotic leakage. Clinical leakage occurred in 2 patients (3.3%) with a stoma and 11 patients (12.6%) without a stoma (p= 0.047). Among those without a stoma, the leakage rate among male patients (20.9%) was significantly higher than that for female patients (4.5%) (p= 0.022). Leakage subsided with conservative treatment in the two patients with a stoma, but seven patients without a stoma developed peritonitis requiring laparotomy. No deaths resulted from leakage, and there was one hospital death (0.6%) in the whole group. Median hospital stay was similar with and without a stoma (13.0 vs. 12.0 days) (p= 0.290). Closure of the stoma was associated with no mortality, a morbidity rate of 8.7%, and a median hospital stay of 6.0 days. In conclusion, a defunctioning stoma is effective in preventing clinical anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision. The relatively high incidence of leakage in the low risk group indicates the difficulty of predicting anastomotic leakage and hence the need for more liberal use of a defunctioning stoma especially in male patients.     

Ghost ileostomy: real and potential advantages

Loop ileostomy is created to minimize the clinical impact of colorectal anastomotic leak. However, a lot of complications may be associated with ileostomy presence and with its reversal. Moreover, patients hardly accept the quality of life resulting from ileostomy. We describe a simple technique (ghost ileostomy) to combine all the advantages of a disposable ileostomy without entailing its complications in patients submitted to low rectal resection. In case of uneventful postoperative course, the ghost ileostomy prevents all complications related to defunctioning ileostomy. At the same time, in case of anastomotic leakage, the ghost ileostomy is easily and safely converted into a defunctioning ileostomy.     

预防性造口在低位直肠癌前切除术中应用价值的Meta分析

目的:评估预防性造口在低位直肠癌全系膜切除术中的价值.方法:检索PubMed和Embase数据库中有关低位直肠癌术中实施预防性造口的相关研究和文献,将预防性造口组与未造口组患者术后吻合口瘘的发生率和与吻合口瘘相关的再手术率进行比较.结果:5项最近的研究符合纳入标准,累计病例878例.Meta分析表明预防性造口能明显降低吻合口瘘及再手术的发生率,合并风险率分别为0.34(95％ Cl:0.22 ～ 0.53,P＜0.00001)和0.27 (95％Cl:0.16～0.48,P＜0.00001),差异有统计学意义.结论:预防性造口可有效的降低吻合口瘘的发生率和与吻合口瘘相关的再手术率,且不影响术后直肠肠管功能;但是否影响患者远期生存率和术后生活质量,目前尚无定论.     

Septic complications after low anterior rectal resection--is diverting stoma still justified?

A retrospective study was designed to determine the effects of faecal diversion on the rate and severity of clinical anastomotic leaks after low anterior resection. The study explored the complications of stoma closure as well. During the period between 1 January 1995 and 30 July 2000, anterior rectal resection was performed on 249 patients with anastomoses created at a 6-cm or smaller distance to the dentate line. In 74 cases, the anastomosis was protected by loop ileostomy. The indications for creating a stoma were evaluated subjectively, by the operating surgeon. In 64 patients, the ileostoma was closed 3 months later. A 'clinical leak' after anterior resection was defined as an anastomotic insufficiency with clinically relevant consequences. The overall rate of anastomotic leak was 6.4 per cent; it was 5.1% (9/175) without and 9.4% (7/74) with a protective stoma. In 8 out of 9 patients, the anastomotic leak that had occurred without a protective stoma warranted laparatomy and defunctioning colostomy. Lavage and drainage of the peritoneal cavity and the presacral space were necessary in 6 out of these 8 cases- and furthermore, the deranged anastomosis had to be removed in 2 patients. Local management was successful in a single case only. Although relaparotomy entails long-term intensive care, all reoperated patients survived anastomotic leakage. Seven patients with a leak despite a protective did not require laparatomy; transanal drainage was appropriate in all cases. There were no fatalities in this group either. Only one fatal complication from suture leakage occurred after stoma-closure. Abdominal exploration was inevitable in almost all patients with a clinical anastomotic leak and without defunctioning stoma. By contrast, patients with anastomotic insufficiency despite a protective stoma were successfully managed without further intra-abdominal intervention. As shown by these results, faecal diversion undoubtedly mitigates the clinical consequences of anastomotic leaks, but cannot prevent its occurrence. When considering the cumulative risk of surgical complications associated with anterior resection, the complications of stoma-closure must also be taken into account. Our data confirm that a defunctioning stoma is beneficial for high-risk patients, who are unfit for a second abdominal procedure required to control suture leakage.     

Transanal stent in anterior resection does not prevent anastomotic leakage

OBJECTIVE: A defunctioning transanal stent may theoretically reduce the leakage rate after anterior rectal resection. We present a randomized open study with the aim of comparing the leakage rate after anterior resection with a loop ileostomy, a transanal stent, both or neither. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Randomized open trial of 194 patients operated in 11 hospitals during September 2000 to September 2003 with anterior resection for a mobile rectal tumour, 115 men and 79 women, median age 68 years (range 37-90 years). The surgeon decided upon the use of a protective ileostomy, and after completion of the operation the patients were randomized in two groups with and without a transanal stent. RESULTS: A clinically significant leakage was diagnosed in 25 patients (13%). No significant difference was found 17 of 98 patients with a stent and 8 of 96 without (P = 0.09), or in 9 of 44 ileostomy patients with a stent and in 3 of 45 without (P = 0.07). Several leaks over a short time led to an interim analysis after inclusion of 194 of 448 planned patients. The analysis showed no significant protective effect of the stent, and more leakages in the stent group, although not statistically significant. On this basis it was decided to discontinue the study prematurely for ethical reasons. CONCLUSION: Decompression of the anastomosis with a transanal stent does not reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection.     

Chronic anastomotic sinus after low anterior resection: when can the defunctioning stoma be reversed?

Aim Anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection may incompletely resolve, resulting in sinus tracts that persist on repeated contrast studies. This case series evaluated the factors that may contribute to sinus healing or to safe reversal of the defunctioning ileostomy. Method All patients (n = 8) who developed an anastomotic sinus after low anterior resection over an 8‐year period were identified from a prospective database. Results All patients had been treated with low anterior resections with defunctioning stomas for rectal carcinoma [median follow up 43.5 (13–84) months]. Two patients with an unhealed subclinical leak had the stoma reversed successfully. Of the six patients with clinical leakage, two healed spontaneously, one healed after application of fibrin glue, one developed an anastomotic stricture that was successfully treated by dilatation with subsequent stoma reversal, and one developed recurrent cancer and was not reversed. One patient underwent reversal, despite persistence of the sinus, followed by rectal perforation requiring laparotomy and faecal diversion. Bowel function was satisfactory where the sinus healed spontaneously, but poor where reversal was carried out without sinus healing. Conclusion Tracks that persist for longer than 1 year are unlikely to heal, but the stoma can be reversed if there had been a subclinical leak previously. A persistent anastomotic sinus leading to a cavity may not be suitable for stoma closure.     

预防性造口在低位直肠癌手术中的应用分析

目的探讨预防性造口在低位直肠癌手术中的应用价值。方法采用病例对照研究,将湖南省攸县人民医院普外科2011年1月~2013年4月期间共46例低位直肠癌患者分为两组:26例行预防性回肠造口(A组),其中23例为回肠双腔造口,3例为回肠单腔造口,术后3月回纳造口;20例未行预防性造口(B组)。对比其术后吻合口漏、肠梗阻、切口感染等并发症发生率。结果 46例患者中共发生7例吻合口漏,其中A组2例(7.7%),B组5例(25%),且死亡1例,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05);切口感染率A组6例(23.1%),B组5例(25%),两组比较无明显差异(P0.05);肠梗阻发生率A组1例(3.8%),B组3例(15%),两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论预防性造口可有效降低低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏发生率。对存在2个以上危险因素,尤其是超低位直肠癌(距肛缘低于5cm)推荐行预防性造口术。