昂丹司琼单用与地塞米松联用预防PONV效果的Meta分析

目的评价昂丹司琼联用地塞米松预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果。方法通过检索Pubmed、CNKI和万方数据库,搜集昂丹司琼联用地塞米松预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的随机对照试验研究（RCT）,以评价联用药的效果。结果共纳入9篇文献,共625例腹腔镜胆囊术患者。结果显示,试验组效果优于对照组。PONV及呕吐OR及95％CI分别为0．32（0．20,0.52）和0．25（0．13,0.50）。结论昂丹司琼联用地塞米松能有效预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的 评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床疗效。方法 选择90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行妇科腹腔镜手术的病人，随机将病人分为三组，在手术结束时分别静注昂丹司琼8mg和地塞米松10mg（A组，n=30），昂丹司琼8mg（B组，n=30）、生理盐水（对照组，C组，n=30）。结果 在术后8小时内和9-24小时内恶心呕吐发生率A组（16．7％、10．0％）和B组（20．0％、33．3％）明显低于C组（63．3％、60．0％）（P〈0．05），A组在术后8小时内恶心呕吐发生率与B组比较无显著性差异（P〈0.05），但在术后9-24小时内恶心呕吐发生率明显低于B组（10．0％vs33.3％）（P〈0．05）。结论 昂丹司琼联合地塞米松可显著减少妇科腹腔术后恶心呕吐发生率，而且其作用维持时间要长于单纯应用昂丹司琼。     

昂丹司琼、地塞米松预防甲状腺切除术后恶心呕吐的效果观察

目的观察昂丹司琼、地塞米松预防全麻下甲状腺切除术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级全麻下择期行甲状腺次全切除术患者90例,采用抽签法分成3纽,每组30例。手术结束前Ⅰ组静注昂丹司琼4mg,Ⅱ组静注地塞米松10mg,Ⅲ组静注昂丹司琼4mg＋地塞米松10mg。观察术后24h内患者恶心呕吐发生情况,不良反应以及应用补救用药情况。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组患者组内比较PONV差异无统计学意义。3组患者均出现疲乏、眩晕、头痛等不良反应,构成比差异元统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组各有5例、Ⅲ组有2例需静注甲氧氯普胺10mg治疗。结论昂丹司琼、地塞米松预防全麻下甲状腺切除术后PONV有较好效果,两药联合使用与单独用药预防PONV的效果相当。     

地塞米松联合昂丹司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察地塞米松联合昂丹司琼对预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后恶心呕吐的防治效果。方法随机将120例在静吸复合全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者分为四组：对照（c）组于麻醉诱导前（T1）和手术结束时（T2）分别静脉注射生理盐水2mL；地塞米松（D）组于T1、T2时分别注射地塞米松10mg和生理盐水2mL；昂丹司琼（O）组于T1、T2时分别注射生理盐水2mL和昂丹司琼8mg；地塞米松＋昂丹司琼（D＋O）组于T1、T2时分别注射地塞米松1Omg和昂丹司琼8mg，观察术后24h患者恶心、呕吐发生情况。结果C组恶心呕吐发生率为56.7％，明显高于D组（33.3％）和O组（30.0％），P〈0.05；D＋O组恶心呕吐发生率为13.3％，与C组比较，P〈0.01，与D组和O组比较，P〈0.05；各处理组恶心程度均小于对照组，P〈0.05。结论地塞米松与昂丹司琼单独应用均能有效地减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐，减轻恶心程度，两药联合应用可进一步降低患者恶心呕吐发生率和呕吐的程度。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防手术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察昂丹司琼联合地塞米松对手术后恶心呕吐的预防效果。方法随机将200例普外科全麻手术病人均分为4组,每组50例:A组(昂丹司琼组),麻醉前10min,昂丹司琼8mg用注射用水稀释成10ml静脉注射;B组(地塞米松组),麻醉前10min,地塞米松10mg用注射用水稀释成10ml静脉注射;C组(昂丹司琼 地塞米松组),麻醉前10min,昂丹司琼8mg 地塞米松10mg用注射用水稀释成10ml静脉注射;D组(对照组),麻醉前10min,生理盐水10ml静脉注射。用双盲法观察术后24h内PONV发生情况及严重程度。结果4组病人恶心发生率情况:A、B、C组恶心发生率明显低于D组(P<0.05),与A、B组比较,C组的恶心发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。4组病人呕吐发生率情况:A、B、C组呕吐发生率明显低于D组(P<0.05),与A、B组比较,C组的呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论昂丹司琼与地塞米松单独应用均能有效的预防手术后恶心呕吐的发生率,减轻恶心呕吐程度,2药联合应用能进一步降低手术后恶心呕吐的发生率和程度。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床疗效。方法选择90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行妇科腹腔镜手术的病人,随机将病人分为三组,在手术结束时分别静注昂丹司琼8mg和地塞米松10mg(A组,n=30),昂丹司琼8mg(B组,n=30)、生理盐水(对照组,C组,n=30)。结果在术后8小时内和9￣24小时内恶心呕吐发生率A组(16.7%、10.0%)和B组(20.0%、33.3%)明显低于C组(63.3%、60.0%)(P<0.05),A组在术后8小时内恶心呕吐发生率与B组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),但在术后9￣24小时内恶心呕吐发生率明显低于B组(10.0%vs33.3%)(P<0.05)。结论昂丹司琼联合地塞米松可显著减少妇科腹腔术后恶心呕吐发生率,而且其作用维持时间要长于单纯应用昂丹司琼。     

预注昂丹司琼复合地塞米松预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

术后恶心呕吐(postoperation nausea and vomiting,PONV)是腹腔镜术后常见的并发症之一,由多种因素刺激外周反射,导致呕吐中枢的一种不良反应.它不仅给患者增添痛苦,而且可影响患者的术后恢复,严重者可导致伤121破裂出血、呼吸道梗阻、水电解质紊乱.本研究旨在探讨昂丹司琼复合地塞米松预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的疗效.     

地塞米松联合昂丹司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察地塞米松联合昂丹司琼对预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后恶心呕吐的防治效果。方法随机将120例在静吸复合全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者分为四组:对照(C)组于麻醉诱导前(T1)和手术结束时(T2)分别静脉注射生理盐水2mL;地塞米松(D)组于T1、T2时分别注射地塞米松10mg和生理盐水2mL;昂丹司琼(O)组于T1、T2时分别注射生理盐水2mL和昂丹司琼8mg;地塞米松 昂丹司琼(D O)组于T1、T2时分别注射地塞米松10mg和昂丹司琼8mg,观察术后24h患者恶心、呕吐发生情况。结果C组恶心呕吐发生率为56.7%,明显高于D组(33.3%)和O组(30.0%),P<0.05;D O组恶心呕吐发生率为13.3%,与C组比较,P<0.01,与D组和O组比较,P<0.05;各处理组恶心程度均小于对照组,P<0.05。结论地塞米松与昂丹司琼单独应用均能有效地减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐,减轻恶心程度,两药联合应用可进一步降低患者恶心呕吐发生率和呕吐的程度。     

小剂量昂丹司琼预防无痛人流术后恶心、呕吐的临床观察

目的 观察小剂量昂丹司琼预防无痛人流术后恶心、呕吐的临床疗效。方法 选择ASAⅠⅡ-级孕12周的年轻女性100例，随机分为2组（n=50）：昂丹司琼组（A组），生理盐水组（B组）。予氯胺酮、异丙酚静脉复合麻醉，诱导前A组静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg；B组静脉注射生理盐水2ml，观察术后2h内恶心、呕吐的发生率。结果 A组术后恶心、呕吐的发生率为20％（10／50）、12％（6／50）；B组术后恶心、呕吐的发生率为66％（33／50）、52％（26／50）。组间比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 小剂量昂丹司琼能有效预防无痛人流术后恶心、呕吐的发生。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松在预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的探讨昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的临床效果。方法将我院收治的120例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者随机分为对照组、单用昂丹司琼组和昂丹司琼联合地塞米松组各40例。观察PONV发生情况及不良反应情况。结果昂丹司琼联合地塞米松组的术后PONV发生率明显低于对照组和单用昂丹司琼组,昂丹司琼联合地塞米松组与单用昂丹司琼组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防腹腔镜胆囊切除PONV优于单用昂丹司琼。     

恩丹西酮联合地塞米松对腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的观察恩丹西酮联合地塞米松对腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的影响。方法随机将100例在全麻下择期行腹腔镜手术的患者分为5组:A组,生理盐水对照组;B组,恩丹西酮组;C组,地塞米松组;D组,氟哌利多组;E组,恩丹西酮+地塞米松组。观察术后24h内病人恶心呕吐发生的情况及不良反应。结果A组恶心呕吐发生率为70%,明显高于B组(30%)、C组(30%)、D组(20%)和E组(15%),P<0.05;E组与B组和C组比较,P<0.05;与D组比较,P>0.05。但D组不良反应较多。结论恩丹西酮联合地塞米松静脉应用对降低腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的发生率有确切效果。     

托烷司琼复合地塞米松对扁桃体切除术患儿术后恶心呕吐的预防效果

目的 比较托烷司琼或氟哌利多复合地塞米松对扁桃体切除术患儿术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的预防效果。方法 选择东南大学附属中大医院江北院区2017年1月至2018年1月择期行双侧扁桃体（或合并腺样体）切除术患儿240例,随机分为地塞米松组（D组）、托烷司琼复合地塞米松组（TD组）与氟哌利多复合地塞米松组（FD组）,每组80例。在麻醉诱导时,D组静脉注射地塞米松250 μg/kg、TD组静脉注射托烷司琼100 μg/kg+地塞米松250 μg/kg,FD组静脉注射氟哌利多10 μg/kg+地塞米松250 μg/kg。分析3组患儿术后24 h内PONV、术后呕吐（POV）及24 h后PONV、POV的差异。结果 TD组患儿24 h内PONV、24 h内POV、补救呕吐的发生率均低于D、FD组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.017）;D、FD组患儿24 h内PONV、24 h内POV、补救呕吐的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.017）。结论 托烷司琼复合地塞米松可以降低扁桃体切除术患儿PONV的发生。     

昂丹司琼与地塞米松及甲氧氯普胺的不同配伍用于防治口腔颌面外科手术后恶心呕吐的疗效比较

目的比较昂丹司琼、地塞米松和甲氧氯普胺的3种不同配伍用于防治口腔颌面外科手术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的疗效。方法口腔颌面外科手术患者977例,年龄20～75岁,美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,均采用全身麻醉,术后使用静脉自控镇痛。患者按给予镇吐药的不同配方分为3组,A组(472例)予甲氧氯普胺30 mg,B组(223例)予昂丹司琼4 mg 甲氧氯普胺30 mg,C组(282例)予昂丹司琼4 mg 甲氧氯普胺30 mg 地塞米松5 mg。结果A组的PONV发生率最高,达41.9%,其中重度呕吐占63.6%;B组的PONV发生率达18.8%,重度呕吐占31.0%;C组的PONV发生率最低,仅1.1%,无严重呕吐患者。C组的PONV发生率显著低于A、B组,B组又显著低于A组(P值均<0.05)。结论昂丹司琼联合地塞米松和甲氧氯普胺用于术后PONV的防治具有良好的镇吐疗效。     

Efficacy of evidence-based institutional protocol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A prospective observational study

BackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the second most common complaint in the postoperative period, often resulting in increased post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital stay. Translation of knowledge into consistent practice was considered a major gap. Hence, the present study was undertaken to test the efficacy of locally developed evidence-based institutional protocol for prevention of PONV.MethodsPhase I consisted of determining the baseline incidence of PONV before introduction of the institutional protocol for PONV prophylaxis. In phase II, educational sessions for anaesthesiologists for PONV prevention and treatment were conducted, after which an institutional protocol was introduced. In phase III, this protocol was implemented, and the incidence of PONV was recorded using the same methodology as in phase I. The rate of adherence to the institutional protocol was also recorded.ResultsThe incidence of postoperative nausea (PON) dropped significantly from 32.5% in phase I to 20% in phase III (p = 0.033). Similarly, the incidence of postoperative vomiting (POV) decreased from 20.5% in phase I to 9.1% in phase III (p = 0.016). Of all anaesthesiologists, 78.18% were noted to adhere to the protocol in phase III. Incidence of PON and POV was significantly less in patients in whom PONV prophylaxis was administered in adherence to protocol (8.3% vs 57.7%, p < 0.001; 3.6% vs 26.9%, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionEvidence-based institutional protocols are effective in significantly reducing the incidence of PONV in adults undergoing noncardiac surgery under anaesthesia.Clinical trial number and registry URLThe trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry of India (http:/ctri.nic.in) (CTRI/2015/12/006432).     

雷莫司琼不同给药时机预防甲状腺手术后恶心呕吐的效果

目的 观察雷莫司琼不同给药时机预防患者甲状腺术后恶心、呕吐(PONV)的效果.方法 将60例在气管插管全身麻醉下行甲状腺次全切除术的患者随机分为三组,每组20例.雷莫司琼术前用药组(Ⅰ组),于麻醉诱导前给予雷莫司琼0.3 mg;雷莫司琼术后给药组(Ⅱ组),于手术结束时给予雷莫司琼0.3 mg;对照组(Ⅲ组),给予生理盐水5 ml作对照.观察记录患者术后24 h内恶心、呕吐发生情况.结果 Ⅰ组术后0～6 h和7～24 h两时段内恶心、呕吐发生率为30%和15%,Ⅱ组为35%和20%,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但均随时间推移PONV有显著降低(P < 0.05);Ⅲ组两时段内恶心、呕吐发生率为65%和50%,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组同时段比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 雷莫司琼在剂量相同的条件下,术前和术后两种不同时机给药均能有效地减少术后恶心、呕吐的发生,术前给药似乎效果更优. Abstract： Objective To study the effects of ramosetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after thyroid gland surgery.Methods Sixty patients, ASA score Ⅰ-Ⅱ, scheduled for elective thyroid gland surgery were randomly allocated into three groups: preoperative group (group I,n=20),ramosetron was given prior to the inductional anesthesia; postoperative group (group Ⅱ,n=20),ramosetron was given at the end of the surgery; control group (group Ⅲ,n=20), no ramosetron was given. The accidence of PONV was obversed, the numbers of patients with PONV and side effects were recorded during 24 h after surgery respectively. Results The frequency of PONV was 30% and 15% on 0-6 h and 7-24 h respcetively in gloup I,35% and 20% in group Ⅱ and 65%and 50% in group Ⅲ.There was no significantly difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ(P>0.05), and were significantly differences between group Ⅲ and group Ⅰ or group Ⅱ(P<0.05).Conclusions Under the same dose,ramosetron given either before surgery or after surgery can effectively reduce the occurence of PONV,it seems that the former is better.     

地塞米松联合氟哌利多预防术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛所致恶心呕吐

目的观察地塞米松联合氟哌利多预防术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛所致恶心呕吐的效果。方法200例连续硬膜外阻滞下手术患者随机分为4组,每组50例:对照组在手术结束时静脉注射生理盐水2ml;地塞米松组在手术结束时静脉注射地塞米松10mg(2ml);氟哌利多组在镇痛药液中加入氟哌利多5mg;联合组在手术结束时静脉注射氟哌利多2.5mg(1ml)和地塞米松5mg(1ml)。术毕所有患者均行硬膜外镇痛。观察术后24h内患者镇痛效果和恶心呕吐发生率。结果对照组恶心呕吐率(22.4%),明显高于氟哌利多组(10%)、地塞米松组(12%)和联合组(10.2%),P<0.05;处理组三组组间比较恶心呕吐率无明显差异,P>0.05。结论地塞米松与氟哌利多单独或联合应用都能有效减少术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛所致恶心呕吐。