不同类型牙本质粘接系统中单体Bis-GMA的析出动力学研究

目的:利用反相高效液相色谱法定量分析不同牙本质粘接体系中Bis-GMA随时间变化的析出量。方法:15个牙本质片(8 mm×8 mm×1 mm)根据选用的牙本质粘接剂随机分为Single Bond 2(SB)、Clearfil SE Bond(SEB)和Clearfil 3SBond(3SB)3组,分别按使用说明进行粘接操作后储存于37℃、75%的酒精中浸泡老化,于10 min、30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、24h、48 h、72 h、7 d、14 d各取每个试件浸泡的老化液进行反相高效液相色谱议(HPLC)检测,对结果数据做单因素方差分析。结果:3种不同类型的粘接系统中均存在未聚合单体Bis-GMA的析出,且主要集中在操作完成后的24 h内,以最初10 min内的析出量最高,SEB组>3SB组>SB组(P<0.01)。结论:不同类型牙本质粘接系统内的单体Bis-GMA在75%的酒精中的析出动力学基本类似。     

牙本质处理剂对粘结影响的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察使用两种不同牙本质粘结系统的树脂与牙本质粘结情况，结果发现：粘结界面有广泛密集的树脂突形成，树脂突又有旁侧分枝，彼此相加成网状，产生良好的机械固位，讨论分析了牙本质处理剂的作用，对于是否去除玷污层，应视牙本质处理剂的种类与性质而定。     

次氯酸钠处理对牙本质粘结强度的影响

目的研究NaOCl不同处理方法对临床常用粘结剂与牙本质粘结强度的影响。方法新鲜拔除的完整无龋人磨牙60颗，近远中向劈开后制备牙本质粘结面，随机分为5组：常规酸蚀处理组、NaOCl处理组、磷酸／NaOCl处理组，NaOCI／磷酸处理组，蒸馏水（空白对照组）。每组牙本质面处理后分别以One—Step（OS）。Prime＆Bond NT（PB）及SingleBond（SB）与复合树脂粘结。试件制备后于37℃蒸馏水中浸泡24h，测试抗剪切强度并进行统计学分析。结果常规酸蚀处理后，各粘结剂与牙本质的粘结强度无显著差异。NaOCI／磷酸处理后．与酸蚀处理相比OS的粘结强度显著增加，PB与SB的粘结强度下降（P〈0．05）。NaOCl处理后，PB与牙本质的粘结强度显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论Na0Cl去除胶原纤维层用于牙本质的粘结前处理具有较好的应用前景．但对于其粘结性能的评价及粘结机理还有待于进一步的深入研究。     

自酸蚀粘结剂的预固化及其对复合树脂与牙本质和牙釉质粘结强度的影响

目的：评价并比较在填入复合树脂前对粘结剂进行光固化和粘结剂与复合树脂同步固化两种情况下．3种自酸蚀粘结剂与牙釉质和牙本质的剪切粘结强度。材料和方法：对120颗拔除的牙齿进行湿磨以在牙釉质和牙本质上形成粘结平面。按照厂家操作说明分别将3种粘结剂（Adper Prompt—L-Pop．Clearfil SE Bond和Xenolll）涂于牙釉质或牙本质上。半数样本涂布粘结剂后＆口刻光固化（PRC组）,另一半将复合树脂填入后再行光固化（COC组）。将复合树脂置入特氟龙管内并在其上方进行光固化。样本于室温储于去离子水中24h后．使用拉伸强度试验机进行剪切力加载直到断裂。用2因素方差分析、预固化和材料的单因素分析、以及Tukey显著性检验多重比较程序来分析剪切粘结强度（MPa）。所有检验均在5％显著性水平（n=10）进行。结果：与同步固化方法比较,先光固化粘结剂的方法显示其与牙本质的粘结强度明显增高（P〈0001）：而与牙釉质的粘结强度．PRC组与COC组并无显著差异（P=0．420）。结论：在固化复合树脂之前．对自酸蚀粘结剂预固化可产生更大的牙本质粘结强度：不同的自酸蚀粘结剂固化技术对釉质的粘结强度并无明显影响。     

白酸蚀粘结系统的使用方法对牙本质粘结强度的影响

目的：评价自酸蚀粘结系统中不同的使用方法对牙本质粘结强度的影响。材料与方法：将255颗拔出的牛牙颊面进行研磨以暴露出平坦的牙本质表面,再将牙齿分成4个实验组,使用4种自酸蚀粘结系统．分别为One Up Bond F Plus, Clearfil SE Bond Xeno Ⅲ．以及FuturaBondNR．对照组为传统的酸蚀;中洗粘结系统Adper Single Bond 2。所有实验组均主动或被动地使用一或两层的自酸蚀粘结剂．再将复合树脂粘结至牙本质．24h后在一个万能试验机上以1mm／min的速度对试样进行剪切测试。对得到的数据进行双因素方差分析．Dunnett以及Tukey检验（5％）。结果：不同的粘结剂类型、使用方法以及相互作用等因素间均有显著性的差异。所有粘结系统均表现出显著差异．主动使用两层自酸蚀粘结剂产生的平均粘结强度要明显高于被动使用的。结论：主动使用自酸蚀粘结剂能有效增加牙本质的剪切粘结强度,而且不同的使用方法对粘结的影响取决于所测试的粘结剂类型。     

冷热循环对牙本质粘结系统与牙釉质粘结强度的影响

目的评价冷热循环对牙本质粘结系统与牙釉质粘结强度的影响。方法选取人离体下颌第三磨牙20颗,使用600目砂纸打磨颊面釉质,分别使用全酸蚀粘结系统AdperTM Single Bond2（SB2）、两步法自酸蚀粘结系统Clearfil SE Bond（CSE）、一步法自酸蚀粘结系统ClearfilS3Bond（CS3）和iBondGI（IB）进行粘结。实验组冷热循环3000次后测定微拉伸粘结强度,对照组不做冷热循环处理直接测试。结果实验组冷热循环后,各粘结系统粘结强度均有所下降,但与对照组相比,仅IB有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。对照组中SB2和CSE的粘结强度相近,明显高于CS3和IB。结论不同牙本质粘结系统与牙釉质的粘结强度存在差异。冷热循环3000次可导致一步法自酸蚀粘结系统IB与牙釉质粘结强度显著性下降。     

牙颈部硬化牙本质粘结的影响因素

牙本质粘结一直是口腔临床关注的焦点之一.根据性质的不同,牙本质可分为正常牙本质、龋坏牙本质、牙颈部非龋性硬化牙本质.牙颈部非龋性缺损又称楔状缺损,病因来源于多方面,包括酸蚀、磨损、咬合应力因素等;临床发病率很高且随年龄增高而增加,为5%～85%不等[1].     

固化光源对牙本质粘结强度的影响

目的：研究两种固化光源对牙本质粘结的微拉伸强度的影响。方法：选取因正畸需要拔除的前磨牙20颗,随机分成4组。去除殆面釉质,暴露平的牙本质表面,分别使用卤素光固化灯和发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂和复合树脂,形成3mm高的树脂冠：A组：卤素光固化灯固化粘结剂20s,卤素光固化灯固化树脂40s;B组：卤素光固化灯固化粘结剂20s,发光二极管光固化灯固化树脂30s;C组：发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20s,发光二极管光固化灯固化树脂30s;D组：发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20S,卤素光固化灯固化树脂40s。所有实验牙置于（37±1）℃的生理盐水中24h后,用硬组织切片机将其切成粘结面积约1．0mm×1．0mm的条形试件,用以测试牙本质微拉伸粘结强度。在扫描电镜下观察样本的断裂界面。结果：固化粘结剂的光源对牙本质微拉伸粘结强度的影响有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．05）。4组中微拉伸粘结强度最大值为（29．55±4．39）MPa,出现在C组。扫描电镜下观察测试样本的断裂多数为粘结界面破坏。结论：固化光源对牙本质粘结的微拉伸强度存在影响,牙本质的粘结强度主要与固化粘结剂的光源有关。本实验显示使用发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20s,发光二极管光固化灯固化树脂30s时牙本质的粘结强度最好。     

5种牙本质粘结系统粘结强度的比较

目的用微拉伸粘结强度检测法评价5种不同类型的牙本质粘结系统与正常牙本质的粘结强度,用体视显微镜分析其断裂类型。方法选择25颗正畸治疗拔除的健康前磨牙,去除面釉质层,随机均分为5组。选用5种牙本质粘结系统:传统三步法全酸蚀粘结系统All-Bond2组、两步法全酸蚀粘结系统Prime&BondNT组、两步法自酸蚀粘结系统Fluoro-Bond组、一步法自酸蚀粘结系统XenoⅢ组和一步法自酸蚀粘结系统iBond组,分别用于暴露的表层牙本质面上,再用蓝色复合树脂恢复牙冠至要求高度。用低速锯将牙齿片切为横截面积约0.81mm2的长方体状样本,用微拉伸测试仪检测其粘结强度,加载速度为1mm/min。用体视显微镜观察样本断端形态。用SPSS11.5对微拉伸粘结强度测试值进行统计学分析。结果5种牙本质粘结系统的微拉伸粘结强度分别为All-Bond2组(28.74±5.15)MPa,Prime&BondNT组(25.85±3.37)MPa、Fluoro-Bond组(20.60±2.96)MPa、Xeno组(22.93±3.97)MPa、iBond组(25.67±4.72)MPa。All-Bond2组的微拉伸粘结强度与Prime&BondNT组测值之间差异无显著性,高于Fluoro-Bond组、Xeno组和iBond组,后两者的测值间差异无显著性,Fluoro-Bond组和Xeno组亦无显著差异。体视显微镜观察结果显示,绝大部分样本的断裂类型都是粘结面型断裂。结论5种牙本质粘结系统与正常牙本质的粘结强度存在差异,All-Bond2的粘结强度最高,但临床操作复杂,技术要求较高;XenoⅢ、iBond使用方法较简单,对牙髓的影响可能较小。     

离体牙储存方法对牙本质及牙本质粘结的影响

近年来国内外许多学者对离体牙储存方法对牙本质及牙本质粘结影响进行了广泛的探讨．力求获得较为完善的储存方法。该文即从离体牙的非溶液和溶液储存对牙本质及牙本质粘结影响作一简要综述。     

牙本质黏接混合层降解机理研究进展

近年来,黏接材料及黏接技术的不断更新与进步使临床操作越来越简单,黏接修复效果越来越好,尤其是即刻黏接强度显著提高。但是,牙本质黏接界面的稳定性和耐久性依然不尽如意。有研究表明,牙本质黏接混合层可在6个月内迅速发生降解,但其具体降解机理仍不十分明确。到目前为止的研究中,与牙本质黏接混合层降解有关的因素包括:黏接界面的高渗透性、不完全的树脂渗透、树脂单体不完全聚合相的分离及内源性胶原溶解酶的作用等。本文主要就树脂单体的水解、析出以及胶原纤维的酶解对混合层的降解情况作一综述。     

Effect of fluoride-releasing adhesive system on decalcified dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride-releasing adhesive systems on human decalcified dentin in vitro. Two fluoride-releasing adhesive systems, Reactmer bond (RB, Shofu) and ABF (AF, Kuraray), an experimental system, and a commercial adhesive system without fluoride release, SE bond (SE, Kuraray), were used in this study. The amount of fluoride release from adhesive in deionized water was measured every week for 10 weeks. Class V cavities were prepared on extracted human pre-molars and decalcified dentin was promoted by using a bacterial caries induction system at the cavity floor. The cavities preserving decalcified dentin were restored with resin composite (AP-X, Kuraray) after treatment by each adhesive system. The specimens without treatment by adhesive system and restoration were used for control. The specimens with restoration were then incubated for 4 weeks at 37 degrees C, 100% humidity. Microradiographs of the specimens showed that the radiopacities of the decalcified dentin layers in RB and AF groups with fluoride release were significantly higher than those in SE or control groups without fluoride release. This result suggested that the fluoride-releasing adhesive systems enhanced mineralization of decalcified dentin.     

The influence of salivary contamination on shear bond strength of dentin adhesive systems

This study evaluated the influence of salivary contamination during dentin bonding procedures on shear bond strength and investigated the effect of contaminant-removing treatments on the recovery of bond strength for two dentin bonding agents. One hundred and ten human molars were embedded in cylindrical molds with self-curing acrylic resin. The occlusal dentin surface was exposed by wet grinding with #800 silicon carbide abrasive paper. The teeth were divided into five groups for One-step (OS) (BISCO, Inc) and six groups for Clearfil SE Bond (SE) (Kuraray Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). For One-step, the grinding surface was treated with 32% phosphoric acid; BAC (BISCO Inc) and divided into five groups: OS control group (uncontaminated), OS I (salivary contamination, blot dried), OS II (salivary contamination, completely dried), OS III (salivary contamination, wash and blot dried) and OS IV (salivary contamination, re-etching for 10 seconds, wash and blot dried). For SE bond, the following surface treatments were done: SE control group (primer applied to the fresh dentin surface), SE I (after salivary contamination, primer applied), SE II (primer, salivary contamination, dried), SE III (primer, salivary contamination, wash and dried), SE IV (after procedure of SE II, re-application of primer) and SE V (after procedure of SE III, re-application of primer). Each bonding agent was applied and light cured for 10 seconds. Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray Co, Ltd) composite was packed into the Ultradent mount jig mold and light cured for 40 seconds. The bonded specimens were stored for 24 hours in a 37 degrees C waterbath. The shear bond strengths were measured using an Instron testing machine (Model 4202, Instron Corp). The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls test to make comparisons among the groups. The results were as follows: In the One-step groups, the OS II group showed statistically significant lower shear bond strength than the OS control, I, III and IV (p<0.05). In the Clearfil SE Bond groups, the SE II and SE III groups had decreased shear bond strength compared with the control and SE I, SE IV and SE V groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, when using One-step total etch adhesive and when the etched surface is contaminated by saliva, blotting the surface and applying the primer can recover the bond strength. Complete drying of the salivary contaminated surface should be avoided. In the Clearfil SE Bond groups, the re-priming treatment (SE IV and SE V) resulted in the recovery of shear bond strength in the specimens contaminated after priming.     

The durability of a fluoride-releasing resin adhesive system to dentin

The durability of a fluoride-free (SE Bond) and a fluoride-containing (KBF) self-etching primer/ adhesive system were compared by measuring the microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) of these adhesive systems to human dentin in vitro. After bonding, the restored teeth were serially sectioned into multiple slabs that were trimmed to a 1 mm2 cross-sectional area at the bonded interface. For the three and six month specimens, half were fully covered with nail varnish (SE+, KBF+), while the other half were incubated at 37 degrees C in water without any protective varnish (SE-, KBF-). The microTBS of the one-day specimens were 44.6 +/- 11.2 MPa for SE Bond and 39.8 +/- 8.0 MPa for KBF (p > 0.05). When unprotected specimens were incubated in water for three and six months, the microTBS fell to 26.3 +/- 8.8 MPa and 23.6 +/- 10.7 MPa for SE-, respectively, but did not change in the specimens protected with nail varnish (SE+, 41.9 +/- 12.8 MPa and 41.8 +/- 9.8 MPa, respectively). In contrast, in specimens bonded with a fluoride-containing resin, KBF, the bond strengths of the unprotected specimens did not change over three and six months KBF-. Values were 32.4 +/- 6.1 MPa and 36.8 +/- 2.3 MPa, respectively. Similarly, varnish-protected KBF+ specimens did not change over three and six months (39.3 +/- 13.6 MPa and 40.9 +/- 14.7 MPa, respectively). The results indicate that decreases in bond strength over six months' storage are water-dependent but can be prevented by using fluoride-containing resins.     

龋病影响牙本质自酸蚀粘接修复的研究进展

自酸蚀粘接系统适用于牙本质和釉质的粘接,具有操作简单、修复体边缘封闭性良好、术后敏感低等优点,有很好的发展前景.在临床工作中,龋坏引起的牙体缺损是临床修复的主要内容.临床上,医生在去除龋坏时,建议只去除细菌入侵的那部分牙本质,而已脱矿却无细菌入侵的牙本质,即龋坏影响牙本质(CAD),是临床粘接的主要部分.与正常的牙本质...     

The influence of blood contamination on bond strengths between dentin and an adhesive resin cement

The objective of this study was to determine in which step of adherent surface treatments blood contamination affects the bond strength between an adhesive resin and dentin. The coronal part of bovine incisors was polished flat to expose the dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups and specific surface treatments were applied to each group: (1) a self-etching primer application (SP group); (2) 38% phosphoric acid etching followed by primer (non-HC group); (3) acid etching followed by 10% sodium hypochlorite solution application and primer (HC group). The dentin surface was contaminated by human blood before or after either step of the surface treatments. The contaminated surfaces were washed with water after 30-second exposure and air-dried. A stainless-steel rod was adhered on the dentin surface with Panavia 21 after completing the surface treatment(s), and the tensile bond strength was measured. Fifteen subgroups including control groups were tested. If blood contamination occurred before collagen fibers were exposed by either phosphoric acid etching or self-etching primer application, the contamination presented almost no influence on bond strength. Blood contamination of the dentin surface where collagen fibers had been exposed decreased the bond strength. However, when the contaminated collagen fibers were dissolved or when the contamination occurred after the exposed collagen fibers were dissolved, the bond strength was maintained. The bond strength was markedly decreased when the contamination occurred after the primer application (Scheffé's Comparison, SP group: p = 0.0003, non-HC group: p < 0.0001), but was restored by reapplication of the self-etching primer. This study revealed that the effects of blood contamination on the bond strength of adhesive resin to dentin vary greatly depending on the adherent surface conditions.     

Effect of dentin cleansers on the bonding efficacy of dentin adhesive

The relation between the bonding efficacy of the dentin adhesive and the physical change of the dentin after treatment with various dentin cleansers was investigated. The dentin surface was cleaned with one of the seven experimental dentin cleansers, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the phosphoric acid, neutralized 0.5 M EDTA solution (pH 7.4) and 9.1% pyruvic acid containing 9.1% glycine, prior to the combining application of 35% hydroxyethylmethacrylate solution (HEMA) and a marketed dentin bonding agent. It was found that the bonding efficacy of the dentin bonding system employed in this study deteriorated with the degree of reduction of Vickers hardness on the dentin surface after the dentin cleaning.     

Effect of functional monomer in commercial dentin bonding agents use of an experimental dentin bonding system

The objective of the present study was to understand the role of the functional monomers in dentin bonding agents of an experimental dentin bonding system by measuring the wall-to-wall contraction gap and tensile bond strength measurement. The efficacy of three commercial dentin bonding agents after using EDTA for conditioning and GM for priming was evaluated by measuring the contraction gap of the resin composite in a cylindrical dentin cavity, and by measuring the tensile bond strength of the composite to a flat dentin surface. The effect of the functional monomers was demonstrated by the contraction gap measurement alone. The value of the contraction gap was significantly different between the commercial dentin bonding agents and these agents without functional monomers (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the functional monomers were essential to obtaining the marginal integrity of the resin composite in the dentin cavities.